This document provides an overview of industrial engineering, including its basic concepts, history, roles, and key terminology. In summary: 1) Industrial engineering deals with optimizing processes and systems to find the most efficient and effective ways to produce things. Some pioneers of the field include Eli Whitney, Fredrick Taylor, and Henry Ford. 2) Industrial engineers work in a variety of roles including manufacturing, supply chain management, productivity improvement, and strategic planning. 3) The document defines several important IE concepts and methods like work measurement, time study, method study, work study, and predetermined time standards.

1. Industrial Engineering

2. Basic concept
“The branch of Engineering which deals with
optimization to processes and systems”.
“It is something to do things in a better way”.
“Find the most efficient and effective ways to
make things”.

3. History of IE
• Eli Whitney
• Fredrick W.Taylor
• Frank B.Gilbreth
• Henry Ford
• TPS

4. Lillian Gilbreth went to
the University of
California. Sometimes,
she is called the
Mother of Modern
Management. She is
the co-inventor of time
and motion studies.

5. A Famous male Industrial engineer is
Tom Landry. Tom Landry is a former
Dallas Cowboys Coach who
attended the University of Houston.

6. Apart from being a teacher at Rutgers,
Dr. Altoik has published many things.
He has written books on the design of
manufacturing systems. Also, he has
published journals on his research.

7. Why IE in apparel industry
• Apparel industry faces many global challenges
due to:
▫ Competition
▫ Increased production costs
▫ Less productivity/efficiency and
▫ Labor attribution.
• Need to focus and concentrate on
▫ Identifying the real issues
▫ Taking corrective actions suited to the industrial
▫ Empowering the technical and managerial staff by
enhancing their knowledge and ability

8. Why IE in apparel industry
• The world economy has changed in significant
ways, especially in the areas of international
trade and industrial organization.
• Two new features of the contemporary economy are
the globalization of production and trade.
• Today’s technological systems are characterized by
orientation to productivity through the apparel
engineering.
• The various concepts and methods that have been
used as part of IE in Garment industries.
• Generally, IE is defined an approach applied to
all factors, including human factor involved in the
production & services.

9. Definition of IE
“IE is concerned with the design, improvement
and installation of integrated system of man,
machine and equipment drawing upon specialized
knowledge and skill in the technical, economics
and human sciences, either with the principles or
methods of engineering analysis and design to
specify, predict and evaluate the results to be
obtained from such system”.

10. Nature of work of Industrial Engineer
• Determine the most effective ways for an
organization to use the basic factors of
production to process a product or produce a
service.
People, Machines, Materials, Information,
and Energy
• Bridge between management goals and
operational performance.

11. Role of IE in industry
• Project Management
• Manufacturing, Production and Distribution
• Supply Chain Management
• Productivity, Methods and Process Engineering
• Quality Measurement and Improvement
• Program Management
• Ergonomics/Human Factors
• Technology Development and Transfer
• Strategic Planning
• Management of Change
• Financial Engineering

12. Role of Industrial Engineering
• Layout designs
• Material consumptions
• Operational breakdowns
• Capacity study
• Work study
• Manufacturing cost
• KPIs
• Quality Management
• Wage calculations
• Incentives
• Maintenance
• Waste
• Skill Matrix

13. Basic Terminologies of IE
• Work Measurement
Work measurement is the application of techniques
designed to establish the time for a qualified
worker to carry out a task at a defined rate of working.
• Method Study
Method study is the systematic recording and critical
examination of ways of doing things in order to make
improvements.

14. Basic Terminologies of IE
• Time Study
Time study is a work measurement technique for
recording the times of performing a certain
specific job or its elements carried out under specified
conditions, and for analysing the data so as to
obtain the time necessary for an operator to carry it
out at a defined rate of performance.
• Qualified Worker
A worker who has acquired the skill, knowledge and
other attributes to carry out the work in hand to
satisfactory standards of quantity, quality and
safety.

15. Basic Terminologies of IE
• Element
An element is a distinct part of a specified job
selected for convenience of observation, measurement
and analysis.
• Work Cycle
A work cycle is a sequence of elements which are
required to perform a job or yield a unit of production.
The sequence may sometimes include occasional
elements.

16. Basic Terminologies of IE
• Rating
Rating is the assessment of the worker’s rate
of working relative to the observer’s concept of the
rate corresponding to standard pace.
• Work Content
The work content of a job or operation is defined
as: basic time + relaxation allowance + any
allowance for additional work – e.g. that part
of contingency allowance which represents work.

17. Basic Terminologies of IE
• Standard Performance
Standard performance is the rate of output which
qualified workers will naturally achieve
without over-exertion as an average over the working
day or shift, provided that they know and adhere to
the specified method and provided that they are
motivated to apply themselves to their work.
This performance is denoted as 100 on the standard
rating and performance scales.

18. Basic Terminologies of IE
• Basic Time
Basic time is the time for carrying out an element of
work at standard rating, i.e.
(Observed time x observed rating)/ Standard rating
• Selected Time
The selected time is the time chosen as being
representative of a group of times for an element or
group of elements. These times may be either
observed or basic and should be denoted as selected
observed or selected basic time.

19. Basic Terminologies of IE
• Relaxation Allowance
Relaxation allowance is an addition to the basic time
intended to provide the worker with the opportunity
to recover from the physiological and psychological
effects of carrying out specified work under specified
conditions and to allow attention to personal needs.
The amount of allowance will depend on the nature of
the job.
• Standard Time
Standard time is the total time in which a job should
be completed at standard performance.

20. Basic Terminologies of IE
• Predetermined Time
A predetermined time standard is a work
measurement technique whereby times
established for basic human motions (classified
according to the nature of the motion and the
conditions under which it is made) are used to
build up the time for a job at a defined level of
performance.

21. Basic Terminologies of IE
• Work Specifications
A work specification is a document setting out the
details of an operation or job, how it is to be
performed, the layout of the workplace,
particulars of machines, tools and appliances to be
used, and the duties and responsibilities of the
worker.
The standard time or allowed time assigned to the
job is normally included.