This document summarizes a presentation on Web Sockets in Java EE 7. The presentation introduces Web Sockets and their history and protocol. It discusses how Web Sockets are now supported in Java EE 7 and includes a demo. The presentation addresses limitations of older technologies for real-time applications and how Web Sockets enable true real-time capabilities in a standards-based way natively supported by browsers.

1. Java Day
Web Sockets in
Java EE 7
February 23, 2013
Sivasubramaniam Arunachalam @sivaa_in
http://www.meetup.com/BangaloreOpenJUG/events/102904102/

2. It’s me!
• Application Developer
• Web/Enterprise/Middleware/B2B
• Java/Java EE, Python/Django
• 2002
• Technical Consultant
• Process Mentor
• Speaker

3. Agenda
• Introduction to Web Sockets
• History
• Protocol Spec
• Adoption
• Java EE 7 Support
• Demo

4. Tweet Ping

5. Web 1.0
Web 2.0
Web 3.0
Web 4.0

6. 600+ M Active Users/Day
https://www.facebook.com/sitetour/chat.php

7. 1991
http:// 1995
Still 22 Years Old
2013
http?

8. http/tcp
(1991) (1974)
request / response
State less
~ 2k bytes
~ 150 ms

9. ~ Real Time

10. Pull Based (Polling)
Periodic Polling (JS/AJAX)
Latest Score?
AUS 312/7
Latest Score?
Same
Latest Score?
Same
Server Client
Latest Score?
AUS 316/7
Latest Score?
Same

11. Push Based (Comet)
Server Push/Long Polling (JS/AJAX/iframe)
Latest Score?
AUS 312/7
Latest Score?
Server Client
AUS 316/7
Latest Score?

12. • Request / Response
• Too Many
• Server Connections
• Heavy Headers
• Outdated Content

13. Streaming Server Side Hack
Latest Score?
AUS 312/7 (1/n)
Server Client
AUS 316/7 (2/n)
IND 0/0 (n/n)

14. Latest Score?
(1/n)
AUS 312/7 (n-1 to go)
Server Server
Buffer Client
AUS 316/7
(2/n)
AUS 312/7
(n-2 to go)
AUS 316/7
IND 0/0 IND 0/0
(n/n)
PROXY

15. Others
• RTMP
• Adobe
• Are you Still using Flash?
• RTD
• Windows/Excel
• Non Web

16. Web Sockets (to rescue)

17. The Web Socket Way The Original Route
Hey Server!
Hi Client!
Update me the Score
AUS 312/7
Server Client
AUS 316/7
IND 0/0
Not Interested. Bye

18. Hey Server!
Hi Client!
Update me the Score
AUS 312/7
Update Over info too
(93.0 ov)
Server (94.0 ov) Client
AUS 316/7
(95.0 ov)
IND 0/0
(0.0 ov)
Not Interested. Bye

19. The Background

20. Let’s Meet Next Year (2014)
http://www.tavendo.de/webmq/resources/faq

21. Server Side Client Side
• Hand Shake • Java Script API
• Data Transfer • Browser Behavior
RFC 6455
http://www.tavendo.de/webmq/resources/faq

22. Fundamentals
• tcp + http
• Full Duplex (Bi-Directional)
• Native Browser Support
• No Hacks
• Not Limited to Web

23. The Spec
• 80 / 443 (plain/secure)
• No Proxy/Firewall pains
• Stream of Messages (Not Bytes)
• ws:// & wss://
• Only ONE Connection (up/down streams)

24. Still Why?
2 Bytes Header 1000 x
(for each message)
~ 50 ms (Latency) 3x

25. 1 Message/Second per Client
1,000 clients 10,000 clients 1,00,000 clients
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/437342/DotNet-WebSocket-Programming

26. The Upgrade
• GET (request)
• 101 (response code)
• Not 200 OK
• http:// -> ws://

27. Client Request
GET /demo HTTP/1.1
Origin : http://sivaa.in
Host : sivaa.in
Connection : Upgrade
Upgrade : WebSocket
WebSocket-Protocol : json, chat, <protocol>
WebSocket-Version : 10
WebSocket-extensions : compression, <extn>

28. Server Response
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Connection : Upgrade
Upgrade : WebSocket
WebSocket-Protocol : json, chat, <protocol>
WebSocket-Origin : http://sivaa.in
WebSocket-Location : ws://sivaa.in/demo

29. Challenge - Response
Challenge by Client
Sec-WebSocket-Key : Key (Random 128 bits -> Base 64)
Response By Server
Sec-WebSocket-Accept : Key + GUID* (SHA1)
[NOT FOR SECURITY]
* 258EAFA5-E914-47DA- 95CA-C5AB0DC85B11 (RFC 6455)

30. Client / Server
Peer <-> Peer

31. Data Transfer
• Frames (TCP)
•
• No request / response behavior
• No Correlation too
• Independent
• # of requests != # of responses

32. And No
• Headers
• Cookies
• Authentication

33. Sub Protocols
• Custom Message Patterns
• Technical / Business
• Request / Response
• 1–1
• 1 to Many
• Acknowledgements

34. Ping / Pong
• Keep-Alive Client -> Ping
• Heart Beat Server -> Pong
• Latency Metrics
• N/W Status Probing
• Detect Failed Connections

35. Browser Support
http://caniuse.com/#feat=websockets

36. IDL (Java Script)
Server Support
http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets/

37. http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets/

38. http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets/

39. http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets/

40. http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets/

41. Developer Friendly
1. var ws = new WebSocket("ws://sivaa.in/demo");
CONNECTING
2. ws.onopen = function() {
ws.send("Hello Server!");
OPEN
};
3. ws.onmessage = function(event) {
alert("Reply from Server " + event.data);
};
n-1. ws.send("This is the message sent by the client");
n. ws.close() CLOSING
CLOSED

42. The Guards
(Proxy / Firewall)
• Closing Long Lived Connections
• Unresponsive Server
• Buffering Server Response
• Non Encryption
• More Latency

43. Web Sockets and
The Guards
• Web Sockets doesn’t Proxy
• Stripping HTTP Headers
• Upgrade
• Options to disable
• Rejecting Server Response
• Frames (HTTP Headers Expected)
• wss:// - No issues

44. The Hidden Blades
• 301
• Limited Support
• Inconsistent Behavior

45. Java EE 7 & Web Socket
• JSR 356
• Java EE 7
• Tyrus ( http://tyrus.java.net/ )
• Web Socket SDK
• Reference Implementation

46. Server Side Capabilities
(Expected)
• Handshake Response to Clients
• Source/Origin Check
• URI Resolving & Matching
• Sub Protocols Negotiation
• Extension Negotiation

47. Handlers
• End point (to handle life cycle events)
• Session (Current Active Session)
• Remote End Point (Peer)
• Message Handler (incoming messages)
• Error Handler

48. Packages
• javax.websocket.*
• javax.net.websocket.*
http://java.net/projects/websocket-spec/sources/source-code-
repository/show/tags/javax.net.websocket-api-1.0-b08/src/main/java?rev=213

49. Web Server Support
• Apache Tomcat 7
• GlassFish 3.1
• Jetty 7
• JBoss 7
• And much more

50. GlassFish
• Annotations
• Reference Implementation
• Web Sockets SDK / mvn
• Samples to Begin with

51. Demo
• GlassFish Promoted Build
• # svn checkout https://svn.java.net/svn/websocket-sdk~source-code-repository
• # mvn clean install (in websocket-sdk~source-code-repositorytrunksamples)
• Import in Latest Net Beans
• Run it

52. Thank You!
siva@sivaa.in
bit.ly/sivaa_in bit.ly/sivasubramaniam

53. References
• http://www.inc.com/ss/brief-history-time-management#7
• http://resources3.news.com.au/images/2013/01/30/1226564/845955-tim-berners-lee.jpg
• http://netdna.webdesignerdepot.com/uploads/2009/01/macii.jpg#old%20apple%20computer%20559x450
• http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_zVkfb2MIt4A/S8f_qzhuhRI/AAAAAAAAAjg/2idf7_G4wxo/s1600/apple-imac.png
• http://www.softwareforeducation.com/wikileki/images/c/c4/Simplex-half-full.gif
• http://www.mediafly.com/wp-content/uploads/Speed_Rocket-2.png
• http://weaponsman.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/thumbs-down.png
• http://m.flikie.com/ImageData/WallPapers/d1bef9f8be6d479387953929c766699a.jpg
• http://www.tavendo.de/webmq/resources/faq
• http://deadliestwebattacks.com/tag/websocket/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket
• http://www.infoq.com/articles/Web-Sockets-Proxy-Servers