Weathering

1. Weathering

2. • Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks present
at Earth’s surface.
• Weathering can happens in the presence of the action of
rainwater, variable extreme temperature, and different
biological activities.
WEATHERING

3. • Mechanical weathering is a
process wherein rocks are
broken down into smaller
pieces without changing
their chemical composition
due to several factors like
fluctuating temperatures
and pressure, and biological
activity.
MECHANICAL WEATHERING
Rocks by the sea change shape due
to the force of water during high tide.

4. • Frost wedging is a process
that involves repeated cycles
of freezing and thawing of
ice.
• It happens when there is
sufficient moisture; pre-
existing cracks; and when
temperatures frequently
rise and fall
TYPES OF MECHANICAL WEATHERING
Weathering of rocks through frost
wedging

5. • Salt crystal growth is a
process that happens when
seawater penetrates
crevices in rocks which are
found mostly in rocky
shorelines and arid regions.
• Salt crystals expand when
subjected to an increase in
temperature that causes the
widening of cracks.
TYPES OF MECHANICAL WEATHERING
Rock weathering in beaches

6. • Biological activity is the
action of organisms including
plants and animals reduces
the size of rocks and
minerals which make rocks
more susceptible to chemical
weathering.
TYPES OF MECHANICAL WEATHERING
Weathering by roots of plants

7. • Unloading happens through
erosion or uplift, thick
layers of sediments
overlying deeply buried in
rocks are removed. This
process is termed unloading.
TYPES OF MECHANICAL WEATHERING
Unloading of rocks

8. • Chemical weathering is
a process wherein rock
materials are changed
into other substances
that have different
physical and chemical
compositions.
CHEMICAL WEATHERING
Chemical weathering

9. • Dissolution is a process wherein a solid (i.e., halite) dissolves
in a liquid (i.e., water).
• Hydrolysis is a process where water reacts with a mineral to
form a new mineral.
• Oxidation is a where chemical combination of oxygen with a
mineral to form an entirely different mineral in which at least
one of the elements has a higher ionic charge.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING

10. • Climate mainly includes the amount of moisture in the air
and temperature where weathering takes place.
• The higher the elevation of an area, the more susceptible
it is to weathering since it is more exposed to environmental
factors.
FACTORS AFFECTING WEATHERING OF ROCKS

11. • Weathering rapidly occurs when there is a large surface area
exposed to surface processes.
• When a block is broken into smaller pieces, it has a larger total
surface area which makes it more susceptible to weathering.
FACTORS AFFECTING WEATHERING OF ROCKS
A block that is broken into smaller pieces
has a higher total surface area.

12. • Goldich stability series
illustrates the relative stability
or weathering rate of
numerous minerals. This
series is roughly the inverse
order of original crystallization
for minerals found in the
Bowen’s reaction series.
FACTORS AFFECTING WEATHERING OF ROCKS
Goldich stability series

13. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks either mechanically
or chemically.
1
Weathering of rocks is caused by numerous factors such as
climate, surface area and topographic relief, and rock
composition.
2
3 Weathering can either be in the form of chemical or
mechanical weathering.

14. 1. Frost wedging is an example of mechanical weathering.
2. Karst topography is a landscape formed by the dissolution of carbonate
rocks.
3. Weathering slowly occurs when there is a large surface area exposed to
surface processes.
4. Hydroglyphics is a process wherein water reacts with a mineral to form
a new mineral.
5. Dissolution refers to a process where erosion removes the thick layers
of sediments overlying deeply buried rocks.
WRITE TRUE IF THE STATEMENT IS CORRECT, AND
FALSE IF THE STATEMENT IS INCORRECT.

15. WHICH TYPE OF
WEATHERING WOULD
PRODUCE MORE
SEDIMENTS,
MECHANICAL
WEATHERING OR
CHEMICAL
WEATHERING?