The document provides an overview of the history and philosophy of garden design. It discusses Baroque and Rococo garden plans which featured symmetrical layouts, parterres, fountains and pools. Medieval castles and monasteries typically had herb gardens which supplied ingredients for cooking and medicine. The document also examines mixed style and Victorian eclectic gardens which combined elements from different historical styles. Religion and philosophy played a large role in garden design and landscaping during these time periods.

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HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF GARDEN DESIGN
ILLUSTRATED NOTEBOOK

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Baroque & Rococo:
1. Typical Garden Plan
(Fig. 1)
2. 1. Garden plans
Architects attracted upon advancements science and science, utilizing a "Cartesian"
geometry with roads arriving at to draw the encompassing landscape into the
arrangement. The trademark gimmicks of baroque arrangements were: a halfway
situated building, fancy parterres, wellsprings, bowls and trenches. (Garden Visit, ,
2015)A bound together train implanted the private building design, arrangement
structural planning , model, wellsprings, falls, planting and different gimmicks.(see
Fig. 1) Command of the waters was key and in numerous enclosures there were such
a large number of wellsprings that they could be worked just for a brief time every
week. (Garden Visit, , 2015)

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3. General history:
Jose Antonio Maravall discovered that rococo culture developed out of the social and
economic emergencies of the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years,
encouraging the foundation of the state and its corresponding motors of constraint and
propaganda. This absolutist state sent human expressions as a political intends to
surprise society into accommodation to the ruler. The differing degrees of state
control considered various cultural and political gathering of expressions of the
human experience to develop and for the likelihood of against elaborate expressions
to create nearby ornate ones. This plausibility welcomes us to understand the states of
masterful generation as an introduction to stylish feedback and to position
arrangement history inside the system of social history. Such a methodology
investigates and clarifies the vexing contrasts in extravagant craftsmanship and
landscape building design in diverse nations and at distinctive times from the end of

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the sixteenth century to the present. In spite of the fact that principally connected with
Europe, rococo culture created somewhere else too. (Conan, 2005)
4. Social history:
Baroque enclosures were for show. High society accumulated to appreciate and take
an interest in the drama. Like a play, the enclosure was deficient without a crowd of
people. It was likewise a physical representation of the holder's energy and
essentialness: one must be there. France was the main nation in the improvement of
high baroque enclosures and they got to be connected with totalitarian government.
Versailles was uninhibitedly open to honorable men, giving they conveyed a sword.
The swarms would part respectfully when Louis XIV made a stately movement of his
home, maybe in the organization of his gifted fashioner, Andre Le Notre. An old
park-utilization was re-found: timberland rides were utilized for chasing. (Garden
Visit, , 2015)

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5.
6. Religion and philosophy:
The mixing of philosophy and religion was seriously hostile to both neoclassical
restriction and also to Victorian stuffiness; it is a piece of the virtuoso of the Baroque.
(New World Encyclopedia, 2012)Bernini, who during his time composing was a
passionate Catholic, is not endeavouring to parody the behaviour of a virtuous sister,
yet to typify some complex truth regarding the behaviour of religion— that it is one
that may be experienced inside the body. Theresa portrayed her substantial response
to otherworldly illumination in a dialect of euphoria utilized by numerous magic, and
Bernini's portrayal is sincere. (New World Encyclopedia, 2012)

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The Cornaro family advance themselves attentively in this sanctuary; they present
themselves outwardly, however are set on the fringes of their house of prayer, seeing
the occasion from galleries. As in a musical show house, the Cornaro have a
favourable representation in admiration to the audience, closer to the paragon of piety;
the viewer, be that as it may, has a superior perspective from the front. They join their
name to the house of prayer, however Saint Theresa is the centring. It is a personal
house of prayer as in nobody could perform mass on the sacrificial stone underneath
the statue (in the 1600s and most likely the 1800s) without the family’s prior
approval, however the most important issue that partitions the viewer from the picture
maybe the holy place rail. The exhibition capacities which is a symbol of both
supernatural quality and even some pride for the family. (New World Encyclopedia,
2012)
7. 5. Art and architecture:
In Baroque structural planning, new consideration was situated on building curves,
light-and-shade (chiaroscuro), "painterly" colour effects, and the solid play of volume
and void. In internal parts, Baroque advancement in total is a void taught spectacular
staircases that had no equivalent in the development displaying. Another Baroque
advancement in like manner inward part was the state level, a processional plan of
logically rich inner parts that peaked in a region chamber or throne room or a state
room. The progression of groundbreaking stairs emulated albeit in a smaller capacity
all over in favoured dwelling places any cases. (New World Encyclopedia, 2012)
Baroque structural engineering was raised with energy in central Germany (e.g.
Ludwigsburg Palace and Zwinger Dresden), Austria and Russia (see e.g. Peterhof and

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Catherine Palace). In England the flawlessness of Baroque building configuration was
encapsulated in work by Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas
Hawksmoor, from ca. 1660 to ca. 1725. Various instances of Baroque development
displaying and town masterminding are found in some other places in Europe as well
as South America. Town masterminding of this period underscored radiating lanes
meeting in squares, which took signs from Baroque fenced in area plans.in Sicily,
Baroque made new shapes and subjects as in Noto and Acireale "Basilica di San
Sebastiano". (New World Encyclopedia, 2012)
Medieval Castles & Monasteries:
8. Fig 2.
9. Garden plans
In medieval times, the vast majority developed a rate of the nourishment they
consumed. Vegetables were principally become in a medieval enclosure yet
particularly critical was the developing of herbs and blossoms as these were utilized
for cooking as well as for restorative purposes. (see Fig. 2) Medieval stronghold

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garden herb enclosures are still famous today, chiefly in light of their inborn
essentials to our medieval ancestors.
The eating methodology of the normal medieval laborer was exceptionally bland, the
every day passage being pottage (juices made with vegetables and heartbeats and, if
accessible, meat), presented with bread. Including herbs made the pottage more
satisfactory and solid tasting vegetables were additionally utilized for the same
reason.
The best and most plentiful arrangements were found inside the grounds of medieval
manors. The enclosure in the photo (left) is in the grounds of a French medieval
donjon. Still affectionately maintainted today, it is loaded with herbs, blooms and
foods grown from the ground which are utilized by an adjacent restaurant for gourmet
cooking. (Medieval Castle, 2008)
Medieval monasteries likewise had their own, regularly far reaching, arrangements.
The ministers must act naturally sufficient in supplying their own nourishment
obviously however they likewise offered restorative treatment for the nearby group
utilizing herbs and poultices produced using what they developed. So tending the
religious arrangement was a genuine undertaking retaining a considerable measure of
time and vitality from the ministers and at times bringing about the cloister employing
in lay cultivators. Numerous devout arrangements additionally incorporated a fish
lake where they would cultivate their own fish and eels. (Medieval Castle, 2008)

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10. General history:
Medieval monasteries were the wealthiest land managers in Medieval England - more
so than any medieval ruler. Medieval cloisters commanded the congregation in
Medieval England as the ministers who existed and worked in them were thought to
be amazingly heavenly. (HistoryLearningSite, 2014)

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11. Social history:
The French lords were concerned to lay out beautiful arrangements. Ultrogote, wife of
Childeric I., was well known for the rose-enclosure she had planted by her castle. The
enclosure at the old illustrious stronghold at St. Germain had an extraordinary
notoriety.
However in the stormy days of the following hundreds of years the haughty nobles
needed to give up a significant number of their gentler conduct and traditions. They
were propelled by the agitation and instability of those days to fortify their spots, and
contract them into a littler compass. Nothing stayed of the fine structures of Bishop
Sidonius' opportunity aside from the protective parts of the dividers and the towers of
the keep, the fortress with its subordinate homestead structures about the inward
court. The honourable managers were obliged to assemble their mansions on just
about blocked off mountain-tops, where there was almost no space, or else down in
the plain with wide canals; and in not one or the other case was there space to have an
enclosure. Also there was very little slant for tranquil development of the ground, and

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the men got from the pursuit everything that was needed in the kitchen. Regardless of
this, then again, the arrangement was not by any means non attendant from the old
manors. The women were the plant specialists, for they had been taught by ministers
how to plant mending herbs among their vegetables, so they not just got additional
dishes and green nourishment for the table, but on the other hand had the capacity
help the debilitated and injured in stronghold or town. In the season of blooms, they
appreciated the excellence of numerous shades, and the gay youngsters doubtlessly
used to weave garlands for themselves and their sidekicks. The enclosure was put
close to the windows of the ladies' quarters, in order to be under the eye of the woman
of the château. It respected see the arrangement from above, for it lay like a colourful
floor covering, little and delightful to observe. (Garden Visit (a), 2015)
12. Religion and philosophy:
Amid the Middle Ages religion was everything. It was not surprising for individuals
to go to chapel daily and beg five times each day. Individuals accepted that all the
great things in life were because of the abundance of god and that the

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underhandedness occasions of the times were because of their wrongdoings.
(Midieval Life, 2014) Medieval religion was greatly essential and even the specialists
and doctors of the period were additionally knowledgeable in religion. From
conception to death, whether you were a labourer, a serf, a respectable a master or a
King - life was commanded by the congregation and medieval religion. There were
numerous acclaimed Medieval Saints. (Midieval Life, 2014)
13. Art and architecture:
Workmanship amid this time saw various switches up to the advancement of the early
Renaissance period. Early workmanship subjects were right away constrained to the
era of Pietistic painting (religious craftsmanship or Christian workmanship) as lit up
unique duplicates, mosaics and fresco masterpieces in places of love. There were no
picture masterful manifestations in the strength of the Middle Ages. (Midieval Life,
2014) The shades were generally to some degree calmed. The subject of Medieval

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construction modeling is furthermore secured in this fragment. The architecture styles
during the period were called Romanesque and after that was known as the French
Style, Perpendicular or more conventionally as Gothic development demonstrating.
(Midieval Life, 2014)
Mixed style & Victorian Eclecticism:

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14.
15. Fig. 3
Garden plans
Alton Towers is the best sample of the Mixed style yet it was severely censured by
Loudon and the planting outline is not Gardenesque. The plants at Alton Towers are
in sporadic gatherings however the gathering is of extremely peripheral enthusiasm to
plants men and there is no confirmation of an organic get-up-and-go for
distinguishing proof, (see Fig. 3)characterization and mixture. Loudon was horrified
by the mixture of styles at Alton Towers - it irritated him in the same way that
reference book entrances on 'rakes and roses' or 'French and Finnish' building design

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would have affronted him. In the wake of going by Alton Towers in 1826 and again in
1831 he composed the accompanying depictions of the enclosures. (Garden Visit (b),
2015)
16. General history:
Fluctuation was initially noted as a practice by a social occasion of old-fashioned
Greek and Roman academics, who were not really part of any system, however
looked over existing philosophical feelings those standards that had all the earmarks
of being most sensible to them. Out of this assembled material they fabricated their
new game plan of hypothesis. The term starts from the “Greek ἐκλεκτικός
(eklektikos),” really picking the best, and that from “ἐκλεκτός (eklektos),” (Liddell &
Scott, n.d.) picked, select. Extraordinary eclectics in Greek rationale were the Stoics
Panaetius and Posidonius, and the New Academics Carneades and Philo of Larissa.

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Among the Romans, Cicero was out and out differing, as he united the Peripatetic and
Stoic. (Liddell & Scott, n.d.)
17. Social history:
The Ashridge Red Book proposed no short of what fifteen separate sorts of
arrangement. They incorporated a heavenly well in a walled in area of rich stone
work, a winter cultivate, a minister's arrangement, a shielded enclosure for remote
trees, an American arrangement, raised bunks, and a rosarium which was 'supplied
from the sacred well, and then drove into the cave, from whence it is at long last
directed into the drinking-pool in the recreation center'. The suceeding part from the
red book on Woburn Abbey proposed an alternate American arrangement and a
Chinese-dairy 'enhanced by a collection of Chinese plants, for example, the
Hydrangea, Aucuba, and Camellia japonica'. Since Repton's Fragments on the
hypothesis and practice of landscape cultivating was distributed in 1816, and Alton

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Towers was made somewhere around 1814 and 1827, it appears sure that Repton, as
the most well known landscape planner and planting creator of his day, was the
prevalent impact on the Earl of Shrewsbury. However Repton's diverse sorts of
enclosure were just planned to make the closer view more Beautiful; the Earl and
numerous consequent planners connected the style to entire bequests. (Garden Visit
(b), 2015)
18. Religion and philosophy:
In religion, Eclectics use components from different religions, connected theories,
individual encounters or different writings and authoritative opinions to structure their
personal feelings and contemplations, recording resemblances of the structures and
practices in existence, and recalling these honest to goodness. These musings fuse
life, karma, presence in the wake of death, God and Goddess, the Earth, and other
significant contemplations.
19. Art and architecture:

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The term mixture has been utilized to depict the mix, in one work, of parts from
assorted certain styles, basically in structural building and, by recommendation, in the
fine and fancy statements. The term is habitually moreover more or less associated
with the general involved mixture of nineteenth century development demonstrating
after Neo-custom (c. 1820), regardless of the way that the recuperations of the varying
styles during the time, taking after the 1970s, generally been implied as parts of
historicism. (Eaton, 1975)
Mixture accept a key part in fundamental dialogs and evaluations however is
somehow distant from the honest to goodness appearances of the doodads to which it
is joined, and its hugeness is thusly rather badly characterized. The most
straightforward importance of the term—that every magnum opus speaks to the mix
of a blended sack of effects is so basic as to be of little usage. In a couple of ways
Eclecticism is reminiscent of Mannerism in that the term was used censoriously for a
critical piece of the time of its money, though, not in the slightest degree like

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Mannerism, Eclecticism never signified to an improvement or constituted a specific
style: it is portrayed totally by the way that it was not a particular style.
20. Bibliography
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