WATSON'S THEORY.pptx
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This presentation is about the important parts of Watson's Behaviorism Theory. It includes definition of Behaviorism and the origin of the theory.
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This document provides biographical information about John Broadus Watson, the founder of behaviorism. It summarizes that Watson grew up poor in South Carolina and received his master's degree from Furman University at age 21. In 1913, he published his behaviorist manifesto arguing that psychology should focus only on observable behaviors. He is best known for his "Little Albert" experiment in 1920 which demonstrated classical conditioning by conditioning an infant to fear a white rat. The document provides context on behaviorism and influences on Watson's work such as Ivan Pavlov.
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John B. Watson was an American psychologist who is considered the founder of behaviorism. He believed that human behavior is a result of conditioning through interaction with the environment, rather than internal mental states. Watson conducted controversial experiments, including one known as the "Little Albert" experiment where he conditioned a baby to fear a white rat. The experiment demonstrated that emotions like fear can be classically conditioned. Watson's ideas influenced early childhood education, as practitioners began observing how children respond to stimuli and reinforce behaviors through praise and rewards.
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Behaviorism is a psychological theory that focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli rather than internal mental states. John B. Watson is considered the founder of behaviorism, emphasizing objective observation and believing that behaviors are learned through conditioning. There are two main types of behaviorism: methodological behaviorism influenced by Watson's work, and radical behaviorism pioneered by B.F. Skinner. Behaviorism had a major influence on psychology and believes all behavior is the result of stimulus-response interactions with the environment. A famous experiment by Watson and Rayner was the conditioning of fear in "Little Albert," a 9-month old boy.
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- Behaviorism is a theory of learning that states all behaviors are acquired through conditioning in response to environmental stimuli, not innate mental processes. It was founded by John B. Watson based on Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments.
- Watson's famous Little Albert experiment in 1920 demonstrated that emotions like fear could be classically conditioned in humans by pairing a neutral stimulus (a white rat) with an unpleasant stimulus (a loud noise). The child then showed a conditioned fear response to the rat alone.
- Core assumptions of behaviorism are that learning can be studied objectively through observation of stimulus-
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The document discusses the key assumptions of behaviorism, including that behavior is determined by environmental stimuli and responses, what goes on inside the mind does not matter, all behavior is learned through conditioning or modeling, and the same principles apply across humans and animals. It notes John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov as founders/forerunners of behaviorism and its focus on observable behaviors over internal mental states.
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Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding human and animal behavior based on the environment. It focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli rather than internal mental states. Key behaviorist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who discovered classical conditioning through his dog experiments; John Watson, who conducted an experiment conditioning a child's fear response and helped establish behaviorism; and B.F. Skinner, who developed the theory of operant conditioning to explain how behaviors are influenced by consequences like rewards and punishments.
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This document provides biographical information about John Broadus Watson, the founder of behaviorism. It summarizes that Watson grew up poor in South Carolina and received his master's degree from Furman University at age 21. In 1913, he published his behaviorist manifesto arguing that psychology should focus only on observable behaviors. He is best known for his "Little Albert" experiment in 1920 which demonstrated classical conditioning by conditioning an infant to fear a white rat. The document provides context on behaviorism and influences on Watson's work such as Ivan Pavlov.
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John B. Watson was an American psychologist who is considered the founder of behaviorism. He believed that human behavior is a result of conditioning through interaction with the environment, rather than internal mental states. Watson conducted controversial experiments, including one known as the "Little Albert" experiment where he conditioned a baby to fear a white rat. The experiment demonstrated that emotions like fear can be classically conditioned. Watson's ideas influenced early childhood education, as practitioners began observing how children respond to stimuli and reinforce behaviors through praise and rewards.
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Behaviorism is a psychological theory that focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli rather than internal mental states. John B. Watson is considered the founder of behaviorism, emphasizing objective observation and believing that behaviors are learned through conditioning. There are two main types of behaviorism: methodological behaviorism influenced by Watson's work, and radical behaviorism pioneered by B.F. Skinner. Behaviorism had a major influence on psychology and believes all behavior is the result of stimulus-response interactions with the environment. A famous experiment by Watson and Rayner was the conditioning of fear in "Little Albert," a 9-month old boy.
Behaviorism (john b watson)
- Behaviorism is a theory of learning that states all behaviors are acquired through conditioning in response to environmental stimuli, not innate mental processes. It was founded by John B. Watson based on Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments.
- Watson's famous Little Albert experiment in 1920 demonstrated that emotions like fear could be classically conditioned in humans by pairing a neutral stimulus (a white rat) with an unpleasant stimulus (a loud noise). The child then showed a conditioned fear response to the rat alone.
- Core assumptions of behaviorism are that learning can be studied objectively through observation of stimulus-
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The document discusses the key assumptions of behaviorism, including that behavior is determined by environmental stimuli and responses, what goes on inside the mind does not matter, all behavior is learned through conditioning or modeling, and the same principles apply across humans and animals. It notes John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov as founders/forerunners of behaviorism and its focus on observable behaviors over internal mental states.
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Behaviorism is a branch of psychology that focuses on observable and measurable behaviors that can be conditioned through stimuli. It was introduced by Ivan Pavlov and further developed by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. Pavlov's experiments with dogs demonstrated classical conditioning by associating a stimulus with food, while Watson performed experiments like Little Albert to prove classical conditioning in humans. Skinner introduced operant conditioning through experiments with rats and pigeons showing that behaviors are influenced by reinforcement and punishment.
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Behaviorism is a school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and reactions to stimuli rather than internal mental states. Some key contributors to behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, who discovered classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs; John B. Watson, who established behaviorism as a scientific approach and conducted experiments on conditioning with infants; and Edward Thorndike, who formulated the law of effect and conducted puzzle box experiments on animal learning. Behaviorism became a dominant approach in psychology from the 1920s through the 1950s and focused on stimulus-response learning through conditioning.
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This document summarizes the evolution of psychology as a scientific field of study from its philosophical roots to modern perspectives. It describes early schools of thought including structuralism, functionalism, and psychoanalysis. It then discusses behaviorism and major theorists like Watson, Skinner, and Maslow. More recent developments discussed include the return of cognitive psychology, biological and evolutionary perspectives, positive psychology, and the growth of psychology into a thriving science and profession.
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WATSON'S THEORY.pptx
- 1. Watson’s Behaviorism Theory By: Nikki Deocampo
- 2. What is Behaviorism Theory? • Behaviorism theory is a psychological theory that emphasizes observable behaviors over mental processes as the primary subject of study. • It suggests that human behavior can be explained by environmental factors alone and that people’s patterns of behavior are largely determined by their past experiences. • Behaviorism also focuses on how certain stimuli or events can elicit specific responses or behaviors. • This theory has been used to develop treatments for various mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders and addictions, through methods like classical and operant conditioning.
- 3. Origin of the Theory • Happened after World War I • During the roaring 20’s • Flapper era • Large social hierarchy • During the time where children should be seen but not heard
- 4. “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take anyone at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant- chief and, yes, even beggar- man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. “ -Famous quote of John B. Watson
- 5. Aspects of Watson’s theory • He opposed mentalistic concepts. • He used contiguity to explain learning • He considered emotion to be just another example of classical conditioning. • He rejected the notion of individual differences.
- 6. • One of Watson's most well-known contributions was the "Little Albert" experiment, which demonstrated classical conditioning. • In this study, Watson conditioned a child to fear a white rat by associating its appearance with a loud noise. • This experiment showed that people can learn emotional responses to previously neutral stimuli through association. • Watson also emphasized the importance of reinforcement in shaping behaviors. He believed that positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of repeating desired behaviors, while punishment decreases it. John Watson’s Contribution to B e h a v i o r i s m T h e o r y Little Albert Experiment
- 7. Stages in Classical Conditioning of Watson The next time Albert was exposed the rat, Watson made a loud noise by hitting a metal pipe with a hammer. During Conditioning: Naturally, the child began to cry after hearing the loud noise. After repeatedly pairing the white rat with the loud noise, Albert began to cry simply after seeing the rat. After Conditioning: The boy initially showed no fear of any of the objects he was shown. Before Conditioning:
- 8. Elements of Classical Conditioning Neutral Stimulus: The white rat Unconditioned Stimulus: The loud noise Unconditioned Response: Fear Conditioned Stimulus: The white rat Conditioned Response: Fear
- 9. Contributions to Society Found a new way for parents to raise their children √ By Molding their behavior using Watson’s theory Also gave moral boundaries to experiments √ Testing on children, cruelty, ethics, etc. Example: children do something bad, they get spanked √ Taught the children to not do anything bad or they would be punished
- 10. THANK YOU!