The document is a resolution from the Federated States of Micronesia establishing a National Water Task Force to develop a comprehensive national water and sanitation policy. It recognizes that safe water is scarce in Micronesia and threatens development and health. Despite water's importance, there is no overarching policy. The resolution creates a task force with representatives from national and state governments to draft a national water outlook, policy, and investment plan by August 2011 to strengthen water coordination and management across Micronesia.
1) Cambodia has significant water resources potential from its rivers and rainfall, but also faces challenges of limited water storage capacity and seasonal variability in rainfall.
2) Cambodia has adopted IWRM as a national policy and established various laws and policies related to water resource management. However, implementation of IWRM faces challenges of limited capacity and investment.
3) Key issues in implementing IWRM in Cambodia include the need for stronger coordination mechanisms across agencies, capacity building for local stakeholders, and further developing the legal framework to support IWRM.
A new initiative is developing a strategy to better protect communities in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia from floods. The strategy will identify opportunities to strengthen flood management policies, practices, and flood protection infrastructure across the region. An integrated, collaborative approach is needed given the significant flood risks and economic consequences the region faces. The strategy will be developed in two phases, with the first building understanding of flood risks and vulnerabilities and assessing current approaches, and the second developing and implementing the strategy.
This document proposes an adaptive management plan to reduce marine debris in Ketchikan, Alaska. The plan establishes goals and strategies to address debris from land and ocean sources over two years through cooperation among stakeholders. Objectives include decreasing land-based debris in waterways through education and enforcement; reducing commonly littered items through outreach and incentives; and decreasing solid waste and fishing gear entering oceans through fisherman education and convenient disposal options. Progress will be evaluated by monitoring debris levels, participation rates, and survey feedback to adjust strategies as needed.
Legal and practical aspects of bilateral relations between Bulgaria and Greec...Global Water Partnership
The document discusses legal and practical challenges of transboundary water management between Bulgaria and Greece. It provides background on the key river basins shared between the two countries and examines the existing bilateral agreements governing water cooperation. Some of the challenges outlined include differing priorities for water usage, lack of environmental objectives in agreements, and tense historical relations limiting effective dialogue. The WFD framework for transboundary basin management is also examined, along with ongoing efforts like the 2010 Joint Declaration between Bulgaria and Greece to strengthen cooperation on shared water resources.
This document provides an executive summary of Nepal's first Water Resources Strategy. The strategy was formulated by Nepal's Water and Energy Commission Secretariat to help meet the country's water supply needs and achieve long-term sustainability. It identifies key water sector issues in Nepal, such as improving access to safe water and irrigation. It also outlines the strategy formulation process, which included stakeholder participation, and establishes policy principles to guide sustainable water resources development. The strategy aims to maximize benefits from water resources over the short, medium and long term to significantly improve living conditions in Nepal.
1) Cambodia has significant water resources potential from its rivers and rainfall, but also faces challenges of limited water storage capacity and seasonal variability in rainfall.
2) Cambodia has adopted IWRM as a national policy and established various laws and policies related to water resource management. However, implementation of IWRM faces challenges of limited capacity and investment.
3) Key issues in implementing IWRM in Cambodia include the need for stronger coordination mechanisms across agencies, capacity building for local stakeholders, and further developing the legal framework to support IWRM.
A new initiative is developing a strategy to better protect communities in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia from floods. The strategy will identify opportunities to strengthen flood management policies, practices, and flood protection infrastructure across the region. An integrated, collaborative approach is needed given the significant flood risks and economic consequences the region faces. The strategy will be developed in two phases, with the first building understanding of flood risks and vulnerabilities and assessing current approaches, and the second developing and implementing the strategy.
This document proposes an adaptive management plan to reduce marine debris in Ketchikan, Alaska. The plan establishes goals and strategies to address debris from land and ocean sources over two years through cooperation among stakeholders. Objectives include decreasing land-based debris in waterways through education and enforcement; reducing commonly littered items through outreach and incentives; and decreasing solid waste and fishing gear entering oceans through fisherman education and convenient disposal options. Progress will be evaluated by monitoring debris levels, participation rates, and survey feedback to adjust strategies as needed.
Legal and practical aspects of bilateral relations between Bulgaria and Greec...Global Water Partnership
The document discusses legal and practical challenges of transboundary water management between Bulgaria and Greece. It provides background on the key river basins shared between the two countries and examines the existing bilateral agreements governing water cooperation. Some of the challenges outlined include differing priorities for water usage, lack of environmental objectives in agreements, and tense historical relations limiting effective dialogue. The WFD framework for transboundary basin management is also examined, along with ongoing efforts like the 2010 Joint Declaration between Bulgaria and Greece to strengthen cooperation on shared water resources.
This document provides an executive summary of Nepal's first Water Resources Strategy. The strategy was formulated by Nepal's Water and Energy Commission Secretariat to help meet the country's water supply needs and achieve long-term sustainability. It identifies key water sector issues in Nepal, such as improving access to safe water and irrigation. It also outlines the strategy formulation process, which included stakeholder participation, and establishes policy principles to guide sustainable water resources development. The strategy aims to maximize benefits from water resources over the short, medium and long term to significantly improve living conditions in Nepal.
We are here in this world for each other. - Lailah Gifty Akita
The only thing that matters is what you do now, here.
- Arthur M. Jolly
While you are upon the earth, enjoy the good things that are here. - John Selden
Hydropower Development and Management Thinking Ahead - 22-March 2017IWRS Society
National Workshop on
HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT – THINKING AHEAD March 22, 2017
by Department of Water Resources Development & Management and Indian Water Resources Society (IWRS)
Register: http://register.iwrs.in/
The document outlines the need for a national water policy in India due to several factors:
1) Water is an unevenly distributed resource that crosses state boundaries, so planning needs to be coordinated at a national level.
2) Floods and droughts affect vast areas across states, so their management requires a national approach.
3) Individual water projects involve issues like environmental protection that require common guidelines.
It proposes establishing a standardized national information system on water resources and maximizing water availability through conservation and inter-basin transfers. Project planning should follow an integrated approach considering multiple uses, environmental impacts, and affected communities.
This document provides an analysis of sewage treatment in Jaffna, Sri Lanka conducted by 5 civil engineering students. It includes background on the current sewage system, findings from research conducted at relevant organizations, and an overview of water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, and storm water drainage in Jaffna. The sewage system currently consists of septic tanks, and a sewerage system and treatment plant are needed. Solid waste is collected daily but the drainage system is in disrepair due to lack of maintenance from conflict. The analysis examines how to improve infrastructure and management of water resources.
This document summarizes the key points made by Rommel Banlaoi in his testimony to the Philippine Senate on issues related to Scarborough Shoal/West Philippine Sea, maritime zones bills, and archipelagic sea lanes bills:
1) While the Philippines can pass domestic laws, they only apply domestically and their impact internationally depends on consistency with international law and recognition by other states.
2) The territorial disputes in the South China Sea involve competing domestic laws and claims between states, so they can only be resolved through negotiation, arbitration, or war.
3) China's growing demand for fish and energy resources is driving its increasingly assertive actions in the South China Sea to protect claimed maritime rights
Indonesia workshop evaluation iwrm 2000 2010-indonesia_sutardi-a_21092011GWP SOUTHEAST ASIA
The document summarizes Indonesia's water resources management from 2000-2010. Key points include:
- Water quality declined from upstream to downstream due to degradation, pollution, and lack of wastewater treatment.
- Floods and droughts increased in frequency and severity, causing more casualties, evacuations, and economic losses.
- Climate change began impacting the country through more extreme weather, sea level rise, and decreased agricultural production.
- The institutional framework for water management involved many levels of government and other stakeholders, but issues remained around regulatory functions, law enforcement, capacity, and conflicts of interest.
This document provides an overview of the natural conditions in the Gulf of Maine, including its geology, oceanography, habitats, ecosystems, and biota. Key points include:
- The Gulf of Maine is a geologically complex region shaped by plate tectonics, sedimentation, and glaciation, forming features like deep basins, banks, and channels that influence habitat diversity.
- Ocean currents and tidal patterns create a complex physical environment in the Gulf, influencing water properties, circulation, and larval transport.
- The Gulf supports a wide variety of habitats and highly productive ecosystems, home to many species of fish, marine mammals, seabirds, and shellfish of commercial and ecological importance.
Coalition for the Delaware River WatershedKim Beidler
The document discusses the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC), which was created by interstate compact in 1961 to manage water resources in the Delaware River Basin. The DRBC was formed to address issues like water supply shortages, flooding, and pollution that individual states could not adequately solve alone. The DRBC regulates water withdrawals and discharges, floodplains, and other projects affecting water resources. It also updates a comprehensive water management plan every 5 years and declares drought warnings when needed. The DRBC works collaboratively with the states through administrative agreements.
Your Wastewater Is My Drinking Water; My Wastewater Is Your Drinking Watercarlasstone
The document discusses the importance of cross-jurisdictional standards for water operator training and certification to improve water quality in shared water bodies like the Black Sea and Chesapeake Bay. It provides examples from the US where the Clean Water Act requires operator training and certification. States that implement training programs see reductions in permit violations and improved water quality. For shared water bodies, it is important that all jurisdictions have strong training standards to collectively protect water quality.
#MP2013 Presentation by the Minister of Water ResourcesFMINigeria
The document is a mid-term report by the Federal Ministry of Water Resources of Nigeria that summarizes achievements in the water sector from 2011-2013. Key highlights include strengthening water policies, increasing access to potable water and sanitation, and completing various dam and water supply projects. Major accomplishments are outlined such as completing the rehabilitation of Goronyo Dam and various water projects. Challenges remain around optimal development and management of Nigeria's water resources.
Water Resources Strategy Nepal 2002 by WECsBhim Upadhyaya
This document presents Nepal's Water Resources Strategy, which was formulated through a multi-year process involving extensive stakeholder consultation and expert analysis. The strategy aims to guide sustainable development and management of Nepal's water resources by addressing issues such as water-induced disasters, watershed management, domestic water supply, irrigation, hydropower, and regional cooperation. Key elements of the strategy include improving disaster preparedness, adopting integrated water resources management approaches, increasing access to domestic water supply and sanitation, expanding irrigation infrastructure, harnessing hydropower potential, and strengthening legal/institutional frameworks and cross-border cooperation regarding shared water resources. The strategy is intended to help balance economic growth, environmental protection, and social development relating to Nepal's water
Marine pollution from fishing vessels is a serious problem in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean region. Analysis of over 10 years of pollution incident reports from observers on purse seine vessels found that the majority (71%) related to waste being dumped overboard, including 37% plastic waste. Limited data on longline vessels showed fewer reported incidents due to very low observer coverage levels. Increased monitoring and enforcement is needed for all vessel types, along with outreach programs and improved port waste facilities, to reduce ocean-based marine pollution in the region.
Air and aviation Law (Assignment On: National Water Law Policy, Bangladesh) +...Asian Paint Bangladesh Ltd
This document outlines Bangladesh's National Water Law Policy. Some key points:
- Water is essential for life in Bangladesh and managing it sustainably is important.
- Management faces challenges of floods and scarcity. Basin-wide cooperation is needed, especially with upstream countries.
- The policy aims to ensure water access for all, including the poor. It promotes efficient use and private/public partnerships.
- Management will be decentralized and involve communities/local bodies. Women's roles in water management are recognized.
- River basin management, planning, allocation, and public/private roles are addressed to guide sustainable development and use of the country's water resources.
The Kimberley Water Forum was held in Broome on March 13-14, 2008 with approximately 100 participants from government, industry and community sectors. Over two days, presentations provided information on water policy reforms and planning processes at the national, state and local levels. Issues discussed included how to best disseminate water-related information to Kimberley communities, ensure engagement in planning, and address water allocation, management and Indigenous interests. The forum helped lay the groundwork for future water planning in the Kimberley, but participants noted the need for additional smaller meetings and alternative information sharing methods to engage a wider audience.
- The document discusses groundwater pollution and lessons learned from Jakarta. It presents at the World Water Week conference in Stockholm.
- It notes that on July 29, 2010 the UN General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution recognizing the human right to water and sanitation. However, implementing policies to fulfill this right remains a challenge.
- Jakarta faces rising problems with a growing population putting pressure on water resources, as urban population growth is over 5% annually while water access is only around 14% and groundwater is becoming polluted.
Indonesia's Internal and External Politics Affairpra_yoga2305
In this modern era, the achievements of political systems are measured by their ability to solve in facing the nation's problems and challenges. This is different from the time of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, where the achievements of political systems were measured in terms of reliable measure. In international relations, three essences form a global relationship, namely actor interests, and power. These three essences will later establish an interaction in unity and run a system of international relations.
The document is India's National Water Policy from 2002 that outlines the need for a national water management strategy. It notes that water resources are unevenly distributed across India both spatially and temporally. It also states that water planning must be done on a basin-wide level taking a multi-sectoral approach. The policy calls for establishing river basin organizations to manage water resources and plan development at a basin scale in a sustainable manner.
The document is India's National Water Policy from 2002 that outlines the need for a national water management strategy. It notes that water resources are unevenly distributed across India both spatially and temporally. It also states that water planning must be done on a basin-wide level taking a multi-sectoral approach. The policy calls for establishing river basin organizations to manage water resources and plan development at a basin scale in a sustainable manner.
We are here in this world for each other. - Lailah Gifty Akita
The only thing that matters is what you do now, here.
- Arthur M. Jolly
While you are upon the earth, enjoy the good things that are here. - John Selden
Hydropower Development and Management Thinking Ahead - 22-March 2017IWRS Society
National Workshop on
HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT – THINKING AHEAD March 22, 2017
by Department of Water Resources Development & Management and Indian Water Resources Society (IWRS)
Register: http://register.iwrs.in/
The document outlines the need for a national water policy in India due to several factors:
1) Water is an unevenly distributed resource that crosses state boundaries, so planning needs to be coordinated at a national level.
2) Floods and droughts affect vast areas across states, so their management requires a national approach.
3) Individual water projects involve issues like environmental protection that require common guidelines.
It proposes establishing a standardized national information system on water resources and maximizing water availability through conservation and inter-basin transfers. Project planning should follow an integrated approach considering multiple uses, environmental impacts, and affected communities.
This document provides an analysis of sewage treatment in Jaffna, Sri Lanka conducted by 5 civil engineering students. It includes background on the current sewage system, findings from research conducted at relevant organizations, and an overview of water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, and storm water drainage in Jaffna. The sewage system currently consists of septic tanks, and a sewerage system and treatment plant are needed. Solid waste is collected daily but the drainage system is in disrepair due to lack of maintenance from conflict. The analysis examines how to improve infrastructure and management of water resources.
This document summarizes the key points made by Rommel Banlaoi in his testimony to the Philippine Senate on issues related to Scarborough Shoal/West Philippine Sea, maritime zones bills, and archipelagic sea lanes bills:
1) While the Philippines can pass domestic laws, they only apply domestically and their impact internationally depends on consistency with international law and recognition by other states.
2) The territorial disputes in the South China Sea involve competing domestic laws and claims between states, so they can only be resolved through negotiation, arbitration, or war.
3) China's growing demand for fish and energy resources is driving its increasingly assertive actions in the South China Sea to protect claimed maritime rights
Indonesia workshop evaluation iwrm 2000 2010-indonesia_sutardi-a_21092011GWP SOUTHEAST ASIA
The document summarizes Indonesia's water resources management from 2000-2010. Key points include:
- Water quality declined from upstream to downstream due to degradation, pollution, and lack of wastewater treatment.
- Floods and droughts increased in frequency and severity, causing more casualties, evacuations, and economic losses.
- Climate change began impacting the country through more extreme weather, sea level rise, and decreased agricultural production.
- The institutional framework for water management involved many levels of government and other stakeholders, but issues remained around regulatory functions, law enforcement, capacity, and conflicts of interest.
This document provides an overview of the natural conditions in the Gulf of Maine, including its geology, oceanography, habitats, ecosystems, and biota. Key points include:
- The Gulf of Maine is a geologically complex region shaped by plate tectonics, sedimentation, and glaciation, forming features like deep basins, banks, and channels that influence habitat diversity.
- Ocean currents and tidal patterns create a complex physical environment in the Gulf, influencing water properties, circulation, and larval transport.
- The Gulf supports a wide variety of habitats and highly productive ecosystems, home to many species of fish, marine mammals, seabirds, and shellfish of commercial and ecological importance.
Coalition for the Delaware River WatershedKim Beidler
The document discusses the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC), which was created by interstate compact in 1961 to manage water resources in the Delaware River Basin. The DRBC was formed to address issues like water supply shortages, flooding, and pollution that individual states could not adequately solve alone. The DRBC regulates water withdrawals and discharges, floodplains, and other projects affecting water resources. It also updates a comprehensive water management plan every 5 years and declares drought warnings when needed. The DRBC works collaboratively with the states through administrative agreements.
Your Wastewater Is My Drinking Water; My Wastewater Is Your Drinking Watercarlasstone
The document discusses the importance of cross-jurisdictional standards for water operator training and certification to improve water quality in shared water bodies like the Black Sea and Chesapeake Bay. It provides examples from the US where the Clean Water Act requires operator training and certification. States that implement training programs see reductions in permit violations and improved water quality. For shared water bodies, it is important that all jurisdictions have strong training standards to collectively protect water quality.
#MP2013 Presentation by the Minister of Water ResourcesFMINigeria
The document is a mid-term report by the Federal Ministry of Water Resources of Nigeria that summarizes achievements in the water sector from 2011-2013. Key highlights include strengthening water policies, increasing access to potable water and sanitation, and completing various dam and water supply projects. Major accomplishments are outlined such as completing the rehabilitation of Goronyo Dam and various water projects. Challenges remain around optimal development and management of Nigeria's water resources.
Water Resources Strategy Nepal 2002 by WECsBhim Upadhyaya
This document presents Nepal's Water Resources Strategy, which was formulated through a multi-year process involving extensive stakeholder consultation and expert analysis. The strategy aims to guide sustainable development and management of Nepal's water resources by addressing issues such as water-induced disasters, watershed management, domestic water supply, irrigation, hydropower, and regional cooperation. Key elements of the strategy include improving disaster preparedness, adopting integrated water resources management approaches, increasing access to domestic water supply and sanitation, expanding irrigation infrastructure, harnessing hydropower potential, and strengthening legal/institutional frameworks and cross-border cooperation regarding shared water resources. The strategy is intended to help balance economic growth, environmental protection, and social development relating to Nepal's water
Marine pollution from fishing vessels is a serious problem in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean region. Analysis of over 10 years of pollution incident reports from observers on purse seine vessels found that the majority (71%) related to waste being dumped overboard, including 37% plastic waste. Limited data on longline vessels showed fewer reported incidents due to very low observer coverage levels. Increased monitoring and enforcement is needed for all vessel types, along with outreach programs and improved port waste facilities, to reduce ocean-based marine pollution in the region.
Air and aviation Law (Assignment On: National Water Law Policy, Bangladesh) +...Asian Paint Bangladesh Ltd
This document outlines Bangladesh's National Water Law Policy. Some key points:
- Water is essential for life in Bangladesh and managing it sustainably is important.
- Management faces challenges of floods and scarcity. Basin-wide cooperation is needed, especially with upstream countries.
- The policy aims to ensure water access for all, including the poor. It promotes efficient use and private/public partnerships.
- Management will be decentralized and involve communities/local bodies. Women's roles in water management are recognized.
- River basin management, planning, allocation, and public/private roles are addressed to guide sustainable development and use of the country's water resources.
The Kimberley Water Forum was held in Broome on March 13-14, 2008 with approximately 100 participants from government, industry and community sectors. Over two days, presentations provided information on water policy reforms and planning processes at the national, state and local levels. Issues discussed included how to best disseminate water-related information to Kimberley communities, ensure engagement in planning, and address water allocation, management and Indigenous interests. The forum helped lay the groundwork for future water planning in the Kimberley, but participants noted the need for additional smaller meetings and alternative information sharing methods to engage a wider audience.
- The document discusses groundwater pollution and lessons learned from Jakarta. It presents at the World Water Week conference in Stockholm.
- It notes that on July 29, 2010 the UN General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution recognizing the human right to water and sanitation. However, implementing policies to fulfill this right remains a challenge.
- Jakarta faces rising problems with a growing population putting pressure on water resources, as urban population growth is over 5% annually while water access is only around 14% and groundwater is becoming polluted.
Indonesia's Internal and External Politics Affairpra_yoga2305
In this modern era, the achievements of political systems are measured by their ability to solve in facing the nation's problems and challenges. This is different from the time of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, where the achievements of political systems were measured in terms of reliable measure. In international relations, three essences form a global relationship, namely actor interests, and power. These three essences will later establish an interaction in unity and run a system of international relations.
The document is India's National Water Policy from 2002 that outlines the need for a national water management strategy. It notes that water resources are unevenly distributed across India both spatially and temporally. It also states that water planning must be done on a basin-wide level taking a multi-sectoral approach. The policy calls for establishing river basin organizations to manage water resources and plan development at a basin scale in a sustainable manner.
The document is India's National Water Policy from 2002 that outlines the need for a national water management strategy. It notes that water resources are unevenly distributed across India both spatially and temporally. It also states that water planning must be done on a basin-wide level taking a multi-sectoral approach. The policy calls for establishing river basin organizations to manage water resources and plan development at a basin scale in a sustainable manner.
Civil Society: Khin Ni Ni Thein, ARBRO, 16th January UN Water Zaragoza Confer...water-decade
This document summarizes a presentation given in Zaragoza, Spain on water management challenges and solutions in Myanmar. It discusses Myanmar's participation in developing post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals, the country's water scarcity issues, and the role of the National Water Resources Committee and civil society organizations in implementing integrated water resources management. Some key points include: (1) Myanmar faces water scarcity issues due to variations in rainfall and loss of forest cover; (2) the NWRC was created to ensure water, food, and energy security through effective management; (3) NGOs like ARBRO and WRTC work with the NWRC and communities to develop policy and governance solutions aimed at improving allocation and
This document summarizes Thailand's implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM) from 2000 to 2010 in terms of policy, legal, and institutional aspects. Key developments include establishing river basin committees at the national and basin levels, developing integrated basin management plans for 25 river basins, and enacting a national water resources policy and strategic plan. However, challenges remain regarding legal frameworks, inter-agency coordination, stakeholder participation, water storage and demand imbalances, flooding and drought risks, and water quality degradation. Recommendations focus on reviewing and amending existing policies, promoting policy research, strengthening legislative frameworks, and providing technical assistance.
The document summarizes water resource management policy, legal, and institutional reforms in Indonesia. It discusses Indonesia's existing water resource management policy and laws. It also outlines the different river basin organizations and national government organizations responsible for water resource management. It notes that Indonesia established a National Water Resources Council in 2008 to replace the previous coordinating team and revised some regulations to encourage more public participation and clarify institutional responsibilities at various levels.
The document discusses the policy objectives of the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in Solomon Islands under the NCRA government from 2011-2013. It outlines several key policy statements, including facilitating fishery marketing infrastructure, developing inshore fishery facilities like aquaculture, establishing fishing companies, ensuring proper oversight of commercial activities in the fisheries sector, reviewing fishing license fees, and assisting local fishermen. It then discusses how MFMR executed work to achieve these policies, such as through their corporate plan for 2011-2013 that aimed to improve services for stakeholders while providing an enabling environment for fisheries development.
The document outlines the current state of integrated water resources management in Lao PDR. It discusses the country's national water policies, legislation, and institutional framework for managing water resources. It also evaluates water resource status, investment priorities, challenges, and the path forward. Key points include establishing a national water resources policy and strategy by 2015, improving coordination between agencies and river basin management, and supporting integrated management through projects like the Mekong Integrated Water Resources Management Project.
LVEMP II KENYA 2016 march FINAL ISSUE marchvincent Ayanga
LVEMP II is working to improve management of natural resources in the Lake Victoria basin and livelihoods. This newsletter provides updates on several interventions:
1) A meeting was held to establish a water hyacinth management mechanism between the Ministry and Lake shore counties, who agreed to professionally dispose of the weed.
2) Sustainable land management and water hyacinth control efforts are reducing degradation, with farmers adopting better practices.
3) Sewage treatment facilities in Homa Bay town and Kisumu city were rehabilitated through LVEMP II, improving water quality and boosting development.
Strengthening M& E Systems in Africa Dakar presentationHawa Seydou DIOP
The document discusses the establishment of a monitoring and reporting system for the water sector in Africa by the African Ministers' Council on Water (AMCOW). The goals are to establish a harmonized national, basin, and regional monitoring system to enable AMCOW to annually report on the state of water resources management and use in Africa. The system will cover seven thematic areas and help track progress on African commitments and UN Sustainable Development Goals related to water. Challenges include data variance between countries and global processes, and the system aims to address this while building national monitoring capacity.
ethiopia water resource management policy.pdfAbrahamLALEMU
This document outlines Ethiopia's water resources management policy. The goal is to efficiently, equitably and optimally utilize Ethiopia's water resources for sustainable socioeconomic development. Key objectives include developing water resources for economic and social benefits, allocating water based on comprehensive plans, and conserving water resources. Fundamental principles guide equitable, sustainable and efficient development, utilization and protection of water resources. The policy covers general water resources management, cross-cutting issues, and sectoral policies for water supply and sanitation, irrigation, and hydropower.
The document discusses water sector reforms and the role of the Philippine Water Partnership (PWP) in the following areas:
1. PWP helped educate stakeholders on the National Water Resources Board and water permitting through workshops. It also organized forums on integrating IWRM principles into policies and plans.
2. PWP participated in consultation workshops that led to roadmaps and frameworks to strengthen institutions involved in water management.
3. PWP organized discussions on proposed legal reforms like consolidating water-related laws and clarifying the regulatory roles of different agencies.
4. PWP brings together experts to identify reforms, communicate positions on issues, provide a venue for discussion, and document IWRM experiences to disse
This document summarizes the proceedings of the First Regional Meeting of the Groundwater Resources Governance in Transboundary Aquifers Project focusing on the Kalahari-Karoo/Stampriet Aquifer. The meeting was held in Windhoek, Namibia with representatives from Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and partner organizations. Key outcomes included approving the project's implementation plan and assessment methodology, identifying existing data and potential gaps, defining sub-regions within the heterogeneous aquifer, and agreeing to establish national expert teams and host the project coordination position in Namibia. The overall goal of the project is to improve scientific understanding of the shared aquifer and facilitate transboundary cooperation for its joint management.
Kynan Witters Hicks, Global Perspectives Capstone, April 2014 -- Final DraftKynan Witters-Hicks
This document provides a capstone research paper on transboundary water sharing between riparian states. It begins with an introduction to the importance of rivers and the history of water management. It then presents a theoretical framework and case studies of the Danube River Basin and Mekong River Basin. For the Danube, the context includes strong European political integration and legal structures for management. However, challenges remain at local levels due to shifting responsibilities and funding issues. Overall, the degree of sustainability achieved depends on both contextual factors and implementation of integrated water resource management principles.
Perspectives for iwrm reforms in west africa membersDogara Bashir
This document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) reforms in West Africa. It provides an overview of water resources in the region, outlining characteristics like rainfall patterns and major river basins. Key challenges are also summarized, such as drought, population growth, and lack of coordination. The document outlines the IWRM framework adopted by ECOWAS countries and strategic processes for implementation, including establishing water ministries and developing policies. It concludes by asking about The Gambia's current situation regarding these IWRM strategies and reforms.
Nile Basin Initiative / Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (NELSAP) NEWS APRIL 2019. A Newsletter of NELSAP. Written, Edited and Graphic Designed by Polycarp Otieno Onyango
The document summarizes information about several international frameworks related to transboundary water cooperation:
1) The UNECE Water Convention which helps countries strengthen cooperation on shared waters and was amended in 2003 to allow global accession.
2) The 1997 UN Watercourses Convention which aims to govern uses of international watercourses but has not yet entered into force.
3) The 2008 UN ILC Draft Articles on Transboundary Aquifers which provide guidance on proper management of groundwater resources.
The frameworks are considered complementary and are based on principles of equitable utilization, no-harm, and cooperation. The workshop discussed in the document aims to share experiences on implementing these frameworks.
Similar to Water summit resolution and policy framework (20)
The Department of Resources and Economic Affairs (DREA) newsletter provides updates on projects and activities in the 2nd quarter of FY2012. Key points include:
1) DREA completed deployment of 3 fish aggregating device anchors to support fishing. Staff are monitoring the anchors.
2) Workshops were held in 5 villages to improve farming skills and understanding of agriculture topics.
3) A livestock and poultry survey was conducted to account for all animals in Kosrae, as required every 5 years.
4) Export of Kosrae agricultural produce increased in volume and value compared to the previous quarter.
The document summarizes several conservation projects and activities undertaken by the Conservation Society of Pohnpei in early 2012, including:
1) An annual bird survey conducted on Pohnpei and Ant Atoll in partnership with the University of Missouri.
2) The addition of 4 new species to Pohnpei's freshwater fauna by French scientists surveying the island's streams.
3) The completion of a strategic action plan by Pohnpei's Division of Fish and Wildlife to guide conservation law enforcement over the next three years.
4) A youth environmental awareness program involving a school garden project that received support from the U.S. Ambassador to Pohnpei.
The Forum Trade Ministers Meeting discussed several trade-related topics:
1) They considered updates on the operations of the Permanent Delegation of the Pacific Islands Forum to the World Trade Organization in Geneva and the Doha Development Agenda. They congratulated Samoa on joining the WTO and acknowledged contributions to WTO accessions.
2) They received updates on Pacific Islands Trade & Invest activities and opportunities in key markets. They urged continued marketing and attracting investment.
3) They discussed ongoing traditional knowledge and intellectual property work in the region and agreed to priorities, including establishing a regional trademarks system.
4) They reviewed the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat's trade work program and agreed to continue
This document discusses the Global Island Partnership (GLISPA), which assists islands in addressing environmental challenges. It was created to [1] conserve island natural resources that support people and cultures, [2] provide a platform for islands to collaborate on solutions, and [3] take high-level actions to address global sustainability issues. Islands are described as unique, diverse and vulnerable locations that support significant biodiversity and people. GLISPA works to inspire leadership, catalyze commitments, and facilitate collaboration between islands to promote conservation and sustainable livelihoods.
The document summarizes the work of the Kosrae Adjustment Program Implementation Team (KAPIT) in submitting legislative measures to improve Kosrae's fiscal situation, recognizes the 2011 Department of Resources and Economic Affairs Employee of the Year, and provides updates on Kosrae's participation in the Guam Micronesian Islands Fair and the release of the Division of Economic Planning's first economic brief focusing on transportation issues in Kosrae.
The Micronesia Challenge is a regional commitment launched in 2006 by the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Palau, Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to effectively manage at least 30% of the near-shore marine resources and 20% of the terrestrial resources across Micronesia by 2020. In its first five years, it has established or strengthened 190 protected areas covering over 683,310 hectares and leveraged over $15 million in support. It aims to protect biodiversity and sustain local livelihoods in the region through a sustainable financing plan and partnerships.
The document outlines the organizational structure of the FSM Department of Resources & Development. It shows the Secretary at the top overseeing two assistant secretaries who each lead a division. Various program managers, advisors, officers, and specialists report up through the divisions and assistant secretaries to support the department's work in areas like energy, fisheries, tourism, agriculture, trade, and investment. Administrative and executive support staff also assist the Secretary.
The document outlines Japan's grant project to introduce solar PV systems in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) using 530 million yen in funding. The project will install a 160 kW grid-connected PV system, including a 20 kW system at the President's Office and a 140 kW system at the College of Micronesia-FSM campus. It establishes a committee to oversee the project and discusses schedules, equipment procurement, installation, training, funding procedures, and obligations of the FSM government to ensure successful completion of the solar PV systems.
The document outlines FSM's energy policy vision and objectives to improve lives through sustainable energy and decrease reliance on imports. The strategic goals are to improve coordination, provide reliable conventional energy, increase renewable energy share above 30% by 2020, and improve 50% energy efficiency by 2020. The policy establishes an institutional framework and action plans for both national and state governments. Nationally, it focuses on data collection, coordination, and assessments. At the state level, priorities are maintaining diesel generators, expanding renewable systems like solar, and implementing efficiency programs.
This document contains national and state energy action plans for the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). The national plan focuses on promoting energy efficiency, conservation, and renewable energy. It includes priorities like implementing energy efficient appliances, conducting energy audits and assessments, establishing building energy standards, and raising public awareness through education campaigns. Individual state plans for Yap and Chuuk are also included, outlining objectives and 10-year action plans to develop conventional and renewable energy resources with a focus on solar power and improving energy access across islands.
The Federated States of Micronesia's national energy policy aims to reduce the country's dependence on imported fossil fuels and transition to more renewable energy. Key points:
1) FSM is highly dependent on imported petroleum for electricity generation and transportation, which represents over 50% of its annual budget and 20% of GDP.
2) The policy establishes goals and objectives around renewable energy development, energy efficiency and conservation, and management of conventional energy resources.
3) It proposes an institutional framework to coordinate energy efforts across government agencies and private sector stakeholders at both the national and state levels.
The 15th Micronesian Chief Executives' Summit was held in Pohnpei, FSM from July 27-28, 2021. Key outcomes of the summit included designating Guam to host the Office of the Micronesia Center for a Sustainable Future and establishing a working group to address problems with Micronesian pension and social security systems. The summit also adopted a resolution to develop a regional ban on shark finning and called for a strategic framework to implement marine conservation programs to establish the world's first Regional Shark Sanctuary in Micronesia by December 2022. Chief Executives also issued decisions and recommendations on health, invasive species, tourism, climate change, water and sanitation. Presentations were given
The document contains electricity production data for the state of YAP from 2007 to 2012. It includes monthly and yearly totals for electricity produced, fuel used, fuel prices, and residential/commercial/government tariffs. Electricity production averaged over 1 million KWH per month from 2007 to 2011. Fuel prices fluctuated between $3-6 per gallon during this period. Tariffs for residential customers ranged from $0.13-0.40 per KWH.
The document contains electricity production data for the state of Kosrae from 2007 to 2011. It includes monthly and yearly totals for electricity produced, fuel used, fuel prices, electricity tariffs for residential, commercial and government customers. On average, electricity production was highest in 2010 at 544,977 KWH per month. Fuel prices steadily increased each year from a 2007 average of $2.64 per gallon to a 2011 average of $4.11 per gallon. Residential tariffs also increased over the period.
This document contains electricity production data for the state of Chuuk from 2007 to 2012. It includes the monthly electricity produced in kilowatt-hours, fuel used in gallons and the associated price, the amount spent on fuel, and residential, commercial, and government electricity rates per kilowatt-hour. In 2010, a total of 484,146 kilowatt-hours of electricity was produced using 428,559 gallons of fuel at a cost of $1,495,858. The average electricity produced in 2010 was 857,118 kilowatt-hours using 61,223 gallons of fuel priced at $3.4936 per gallon.
This document provides data on petroleum imports to the Federated States of Micronesia from 2000 to 2010, including gasoline, aviation/kerosene, diesel, and other products. It shows the amounts in thousands of gallons and thousands of dollars for each product imported to Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap each year. Total petroleum imports increased from 2000 to 2010 but decreased in some years. The cost per liter increased substantially from 2000 to 2010 for all product categories.
This document summarizes a post-COP10 meeting held in Fiji from May 16-20, 2011 to review outcomes of the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity and plan for their implementation in the Pacific region. Key points from discussions included:
1) Participants shared lessons learned from successful Pacific cooperation at COP10, highlighting regional achievements and the need to continue a unified Pacific voice.
2) Discussions established a basic understanding of important Nagoya outcomes and decisions for the Pacific, and identified capacity needs to implement them with support from partners.
3) Recommendations focused on strengthening future COP preparations through information sharing, and consolidating strategies, actions and partnership opportunities to
The President of the Federated States of Micronesia declared March 22, 2011 as FSM National Water Day through a presidential proclamation. The proclamation noted that clean water is essential to life but over 1 billion people lack access to it. It also recognized that the UN designated March 22 as World Water Day and that the FSM would hold a National Water Summit on that date to discuss water resources and management. The proclamation urged citizens to join in recognizing water's importance and protecting it for the future.
1. The Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) is celebrating the International Year of Forests in 2011 by holding competitions and awards to recognize contributions to sustainable forest management.
2. SPC will present awards of $1000 each in three categories: a forest entrepreneur award, an agroforester award, and a forest leadership award.
3. SPC is also holding a poster competition for primary school students and an essay competition for secondary school students on the topic of forests and their importance to local communities. Winners will receive cash prizes.
More from FSM Department of Resources & Development (20)
1. Resolution No. 01-2011 National and State Water Summit 2011
1 PREAMBLE. The many high islands, small atolls, and lagoon environments of the Federated
States of Micronesia are blessed with high and unique biodiversity. Safe and clean water however, is
generally scarce and is a key factor limiting economic development and improvements to public
health in the Nation's four States of Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae. Overuse of freshwater and the
contamination of rivers and water storage areas continue to threaten this critical resource of our small
Micronesian islands.
The water resource systems of Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae States are highly diverse, with vast
differences in the overall supply of freshwater from rainfall, freshwater storage capacities, and the
infrastructure used to distribute and treat freshwater for human use. These systems are also subject
to high variability in freshwater supply due to seasonal effects, longer-term drought cycles, and EI
Nino/La Nina-Southem Oscillation patterns. It is also generally acknowledged that each State is
underprepared to accommodate increased variability in rainfall or prolonged droughts particularly that
associated with any human induced climate change.
Despite the importance of freshwater to the natural environment, the development of all economic
sectors, and improved public health, the Federated States of Micronesia lacks a comprehensive
national water and sanitation policy. There is also a need for a national cross-sectoral coordinating
body on water and sanitation to guide the sustainable management of water resources in the four
states.
2 PARTIES. This resolution is entered into by the President of the National Government of the
Federated States of Micronesia, the State Governors of Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae States.
3 BACKGROUND. Recalling the commitment made by the international community to fully
achieve the Millennium Development Goals, including inter alia to halve, by 2015, the proportion of
people unable to reach or afford safe drinking water, and to halve the proportion of people without
access to basic sanitation,
Acknowledging the resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly of za" July 2010 and
Human Rights Commission of so" September 2010 declaring the right to safe and clean drinking
water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for full enjoyment of life and all human rights,
Reaffirming that the Federated States of Micronesia has obligations under a variety of Multi-lateral
Environmental Agreements to Conserve the environment and sustainably use natural resources,
including adequate flows of freshwater through watersheds and to the sea,
Welcoming the water and sanitation resolutions and communiques of the Micronesian Traditional
Leaders of November 2010 and the Micronesian Chief Executives of December 2010,
Reaffirming also the important roles and duties of Traditional Leaders in ensuring secure access to
safe drinking water and sanitation in order to sustain their communities as well as Micronesia's unique
biodiversity,
Respecting the varied land tenure systems used throughout the Federated States of Micronesia and
the need for consideration of these in water resource and sanitation management,
Recognising that landowners, local traditional leaders, non-governmental organisations, Church and
women's groups, and local, state and national governments all have a role to play in water resource
management and that "Water is Everyone's Business", and
Deeply concerned that the Federated States of Micronesia lacks a comprehensive water and
sanitation policy,
4. PURPOSE. The Purpose of this Resolution is to facilitate:
2. • strengthened coordination of government service delivery for water and sanitation throughout
the Federated States of Micronesia, and
• co-operation among the parties to develop and implement a National Comprehensive Water
and Sanitation Policy, including a "National Water OutlooK' and Water Sector Investment Plan.
5. TASKSBYTHE PARTIES.
The Parties undertake to:
l. Participate as members of the National Water Task Force o.~tlined in Annex 1 of this
agreement,
II. Facilitate the cross-sectoral and intergovernmental dialogue necessary for the preparation of
a National Water Outlook and Water Sector Investment Plan,
III. Develop the Framework National Water Policy outlined in Annex 2 of this agreement, leading
to finalisation and endorsement of a National Comprehensive Water and Sanitation Policy by
August 2011,
IV. Encourage improved information sharing between and amongst communities, traditional
leaders, and State and National Government Departments to enhance the replication and
mainstreaming of best water resource and wastewater management practices into national
development planning and supporting legal frameworks for water and sanitation,
V. Co--operate with each other and the Federated States of Micronesia's development and
technical advisory partners in streamlining efforts Integrated Water Resources Management
and improved Water-Use Efficiency throughout the States of Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and
Kosrae,
Honorable~ Lyndon H. Jackson
State of Kosrae
March 22,2011
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1-.
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3. ANNEX I
Terms of Reference for the Federated States of Micronesia's
National Water Task Force
1. MEMBERSHIP OF THE NATIONAL WATER TASK FORCE
1.1 Full members of the Federated States of Micronesia's National Water Task Force (FSM
NWTF) shall consist solely of representatives of the following offices and groups:
I. Office of the President of the Federated States of Micronesia
II. Offices of the Governors of Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae States
III. Federated States of Micronesia's Department of Foreign Affairs
IV. Federated States of Micronesia's Department of Resources and Development;
V. Federated States of Micronesia's Department of Transport, Communications, and
Infrastructu re
VI. Federated States of Micronesia's Office of Environment and Emergency Management
VII. Federated States of Micronesia's Office of Planning and Statistics
VIII. Federated States of Micronesia's Department of Health
IX. Federated States of Micronesia's Department of Finance
X. Federated States of Micronesia's Department of Justice
XI. National Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Focal Point
XII. Business sector and environmental Non-Governmental Organisation representatives
1.2 The FSM NWTF shall elect a Chairperson and a Vice-Chairperson from amongst its full
members by 1st May, 2011 with responsibility for chairing each formal meeting of the
Committee and for acting as Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson of any FSM NWTF meetings
convened;
1.3 The FSM NWTF may agree, by consensus at the commencement of each meeting to co-opt
additional experts as observers or advisors to any meeting of the FSM NWTF or part thereof,
as the FSM NWTF shall deem appropriate.
2. SECRETARIAT OF THE NATIONAL WATER TASK FORCE
2.1 The National Water Policy Officer in the office of the Federated States of Micronesia's
Department of Resources and Development shall act as Secretary to the meetings of the
FSM NWTF.
2.2 The Federated States of Micronesia's nationally nominated Integrated Water Resource
Management (IWRM) Focal Point may also provide Secretariat and technical support to the
meetings and work of the FSM NWTF as required.
3. MEETINGS OF THE NATIONAL WATER TASK FORCE
3.1 The National Water Policy Officer shall convene regular quarterly meetings of the FSM
NWTF.
3.2 Ad hoc meetings may be convened by the Chairperson:
• when a majority of the Committee members make a request for such a meeting to the
National Water Policy Officer or the National Integrated Water Resource Management
Focal Point;
4. • at the request of the National Water Policy Officer and/or National Integrated Water
Resource Management Focal Point when circumstances demand.
4. TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE NATIONAL WATER TASK FORCE
The Federated States of Micronesia's National Water Task Force shall operate on the basis of
consensus to:
i. Provide direction and strategic guidance to the National Water Policy Officer and to the
Federated States of Micronesia's Department of Resources and Development regarding
development of a Comprehensive National Water and Sanitation Policy,
ii. Contribute to and oversee the preparation of an annual "Federated States of Micronesia
National Water Outlook: and Water Sector Investment Plan,
iii. Guide the mainstreaming of Integrated Water Resource Management and Water-Use
Efficiency principles, and "Ridge to Reef' and "Community to Congress" management
approaches, into National and State government service delivery for water resource
management and sanitation,
iv. Review planned and ongoing water and sanitation projects in the States of Yap, Chuuk,
Pohnpei and Kosrae with the aim of minimising duplication of efforts, and to identify
opportunities for cooperation and the sharing of examples of best practices in water and
wastewater management throughout the Federated States of Micronesia;
v. Assess stakeholder involvement in water resource and wastewater management and to take
action where necessary to ensure appropriate levels of government, traditional rights and
customs, environmental Non-Governmental Organisations, Church and Women's groups, and
private sector engagement;
vi. Review community awareness of the need for improved water resource management
throughout the Federated States of Micronesia and guide the National Water Policy Officer in
planning and implemented water conservation awareness campaigns;
vii. Ensure compatibility between the activities of national demonstration projects and other
National, State and community-based activities for Integrated Water Resource Management
and Water Use Efficiency; and
viii. Assist the National Water Policy Officer in leveraging required funding that may be required
from time to time.
ix. Agree at their first meeting: a) the membership, meeting arrangements, and terms of
reference of the committee; and b) such standing orders and manner of conducting business
as may be considered necessary by the committee. .
5. CONDUCT OF COMMITTEE BUSINESS
The National Water Task Force shall operate and take decisions on the basis of consensus, regarding
any matter relating to project execution that has regional significance.
Where full consensus cannot be achieved in reaching agreement during a full meeting of the
Committee, the Secretariat shall, in consultation with the Chairperson, facilitate negotiations between
meetings with a view to seeking resolution, and will report the results of these negotiations to the
Committee members.
6. OTHER MATTERS
Notwithstanding the membership and terms of reference contained in this document the National
Water Task Force shall have the power to amend, from time to time, the membership, terms of
reference, and rules of procedure of the National Water Task Force.
5. Rules of Procedure for the Federated States of Micronesia's
National Water Task Force
Rule 1
Drawing up of the Provisional Agenda: The National Water Policy Officer shall submit to the
National Water Task Force the provisional agenda. The provisional agenda shall include all items
proposed by members of the National Water Task Force and National Integrated Water Resource
Management Focal Point. Items proposed by members shall be accompanied by an explanatory
message and, if possible, by background documentation which shall be submitted to the National
Water Policy Officer at least 4 weeks (20 working days) prior to the meeting.
Rule2
Distribution of the Agenda: The National Water Policy Officer shall communicate the provisional
agenda of each National Water Task Force meeting together with all background documentation, to
the members at least 3 weeks (15 working days) in advance.
Rule 3
Adoption of the Agenda: At the commencement of each National Water Task Force meeting, the
National Water Task Force shall review, amend, and adopt the agenda for the meeting on the basis of
the provisional agenda.
Rule4
Elections of Officers: At the commencement of the first National Water Task Force meeting the
Committee shall elect a Chairperson, Vice- Chairperson and a Rapporteur from among its members.
Rule 5
Alternate Members: In the event that a full member is unable to participate in a meeting of the
Committee an alternate representative may be designated to represent the member concerned.
Alternate Members shall be designated through written notification to the National Water Policy
Officer two (2) weeks (10 working days) before a meeting of the National Water Task Force.
Rule 6
Regular Meetings: The National Water Policy Officer shall convene regular quarterly meetings of the
National Water Task Force. Each regular session of the National Water Task Force shall be held at a
date and location, fixed by the Committee at its previous session, Meetings should be timed to
coincide meetings of the Steering Committee for Global Environment Facility supported Integrated
Water Resource Management demonstration project.
Rule 7
Acting Chairperson: If the Chairperson cannot preside at a meeting or any part thereof, the Vice-
Chairperson shall act as Chairperson. If the Vide-Chairperson is also unavailable, the meeting shall
be chaired by the National Integrated Water Resource Management Focal Point.
Rule 8
Quorum: A simple majority of the members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum.
Rule 9
Records of the Meeting: Records of the meetings of the National Water Task Force shall be kept by
the Secretariat. They shall be prepared in the form of a draft report by the Secretary to the National
Water Task Force and presented in draft to the members. Members shall inform the Secretariat of any
changes they wish to have made. Any disagreement concerning such changes shall be referred to the
Chairperson, whose decision shall be final. These amended records will be the official minutes of the
meeting.
Rule 10
Distribution of Meeting Reports: The corrected version of the records of National Task Force
Meeting meetings shall be distributed within two weeks of the closure of the meeting.
6. ANNEX II
Framework National Water and Sanitation Policy for the
Federated States of Micronesia
"Water is Life from Ridge to Reef'
1. RATIONALE FOR A NATIONAL WATER POLICY
The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) comprises approximately 607 islands spread over an area
of 2,700 km longitudinally in the Western Pacific Ocean. The four states of Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and
Kosrae are all centered around one or more main high islands, and include numerous outlying atolls.
The different size, geomorphology, hydrology, and climates of these many islands have resulted in an
extremely diverse range of freshwater systems. The four states exhibit vast differences in the overall
supply of freshwater from rainfall, freshwater storage capacities, and the infrastructure used to
distribute and treat freshwater for human use.
For example, some islands such as Pohnpei Island are blessed with high annual rainfall and an
abundance of freshwater. For communities on other islands and especially outer atolls, freshwater is
an extremely scarce and fragile resource. This situation is made more complex by sometimes
unpredictable seasonal variations in rainfall, longer-term drought cycles, and EI Nirio/l.a Nina-
Southern Oscillation patterns. The Micronesia region is also subject to disasters caused by storm
events and droughts, and it is generally accepted that all states are underprepared to accommodate
increased variability in rainfall or prolonged droughts, particularly that associated with any human
induced climate change.
Freshwater is central to the lives and culture of all island communities of the FSM. There exists a
wealth of traditional knowledge and beliefs regarding the use of freshwater throughout the nation,
although FSM's fragile water systems are becoming increasingly threatened by overuse, and the
pollution of rivers and catchment areas. An adequate supply of safe and clean freshwater is critical to
the development of the food production, tourism, and fisheries sectors of the FSM. It is also essential
in maintaining public health standards and the unique biodiversity of Micronesia's terrestrial, lagoon,
and coral reef environments.
On za" July 2010, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on the human right to
water and sanitation (document A/64/L.63/REV.1) by a recorded vote of 122 in favour to none against.
This resolution "declares the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right
that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights". This resolution was reinforced by
the United Nations Human Rights Council on ao" September 2010 when it adopted by consensus a
resolution (A/HRC/15/L.14) affirming that water and sanitation are human rights. The world now has a
legal obligation to ensure that people have access to clean water and sanitation.
In considering these global resolutions, Micronesia's traditional leaders called upon the Micronesia
region to "ensure access and right to safe and clean drinking water" during the Fifth Micronesian
Traditional Leaders Conference in November 2010. Their resolution "Endorsing Access and Right to
Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation in the Micronesia Region" calls upon landowners, local traditional
leaders, and local, state and national governments to work together in developing by 2011 "National
Water and Sanitation Policies" based on the principles of Integrated Water Resource Management.
The Presidents and Governors of Micronesia built upon this during the 14th Micronesian Chief
Executives Summit by calling on all jurisdictions of Micronesia to develop national water policies.
This Framework National Water and Sanitation Policy represent an important step in meeting this
Challenge. Each separately governed state of the FSM has its own Water Utility and Environmental
Protection Agency, and related water quality standards and regulations. The FSM however, currently
lacks an overarching policy guiding water and wastewater management. It is envisaged that this
framework water policy will be developed during 2011 through a consultative process led by the
National Water Task Force. The output will include a Comprehensive National Water and Sanitation
Policy, including a "Federated States of Micronesia National Water Outlook" and Water Sector
Investment Plan.
7. 2. OVERVIEW OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN THE
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA
Approximately 60 percent of water resources in FSM exist as surface water in the form of small,
intermittent streams that drain catchments areas of limited aerial extent. The streams are low for
about 20 percent of the year. The development of surface water is therefore inherently expensive,
since it requires the construction of dams to impound the surface runoff for use during dry periods.
The topography in the stream basins is not conducive to the construction of economical dams.
Furthermore, surface water requires extensive and costly treatment, largely to reduce high turbidity,
undesirable taste and odours, and to remove all micro-organisms.
The remaining 40 percent of the islands' water resources exist as groundwater in small, dispersed
zones of sedimentary deposits, weathered volcanics and weathered schist. These formations are not
conducive to the development of high yielding wells as drilling through such sediments is expensive.
However, the hydrogeology is suitable for multiple, low- to medium-yielding wells in the range of 20-
150 gallons per minutes. The quality of the ground water is mostly excellent, but many health hazards
in the FSM are related to poor water quality and limited water quantity. The small low lying coral
islands face severe constraints in terms of both the quality and quantity of freshwater due to limited
groundwater resources and protected by a thin permeable water lens. Water use practices, arising
from the general historical availability of water from rains, are extravagant when water is available.
All four of the focal islands have coastal mangrove fringes and intermittent development along their
coasts, with much less interior development. The natural vegetative cover is dense on all islands and
has not generally been disrupted for intensive agriculture use. Whether planned or fortuitous, this has
protected watersheds, helping to reduce the rapid runoff and maintaining a reasonable recharge
opportunity for the aquifers that are important to each State for a portion of its water supply. The direct
runoff from these intense rainfalls, even on these relatively small surface catchments, also provides
one important source of water for all four islands; however, in each case, drought periods also arise
when supplementation from ground water sources is important, and even critical. The islands are
prone to extremely damaging natural disasters, in the form of typhoon, extended drought, landslides,
tidal erosion and extensive floods.
Roof catchments exist in all four islands. In many of the islands, there are no appropriate actions or
policy to protect and safeguard watershed and groundwater resources, which poses a threat due to
the rapid population growth on the main islands. On the outer islands, there are no piped water
systems and the residents rely exclusively on individual rainwater catchments and dug wells. The
standard of construction and maintenance of these facilities varies considerably from island to island.
The piped water systems utilize stream water sources and consist of a small intake across the stream,
a raw water main to the treatment plant (for those systems which incorporate treatment) and a
transmission and distribution network. Water treatment is by rapid filtration, followed by chlorination.
Only 5 systems out of about 70 have treatment facilities, and most systems supply untreated water.
Groundwater systems usually consist of a production borehole fitted with a submersible pump, and a
transmission and distribution network. A chlorine injection procedure is sometimes incorporated into
the system at the wellhead. A total of about 90 boreholes have so far been drilled in the main islands.
Only limited areas are provided with sewerage systems so far and large numbers of household still
have pit latrines or other unhygienic excreta disposal systems. Considerable attention is required for
planned drainage in the developed areas to protect the road pavement and foothill areas from land
erosion and flooding. There are now five sewerage systems, which serve Kolonia town in Pohnpei,
Weno Island in Chuuk, Colonia town in Yap, Lelu town in Kosrae and the Tofol administrative area in
Kosrae. The sewerage system in Weno Island, Chuuk State is non-functional and raw sewage is
discharged into the Weno lagoon, through a 2,000-foot long marine outfall. The dumping of solid
waste in particular human excreta is considered on of the FSM's foremost environmental health
problems.
Management of the water and sanitation sector is complex in FSM as it is managed by a number of
tiers of government, namely:
• The FSM national government which provides guidance and assistance including funding support
for infrastructure projects to the state governments;
8. • State governments, which provide funding for capital improvements and operation and
maintenance funds in each state. The key utility corporations in each state are the Pohnpei Utility
Corporation (PUC), Chuuk Utility Corporation (CPUC), Kosrae Utility Corporation (KUC), Yap
State Public Service Corporation (YSPSC) who take the lead role in the management, operations
and maintenance otwater supply and water resources management in each state, and
• Municipal government, which contribute to funding for capital improvements to local; water supply
systems. Municipal governments working with community group and NGO's maintain many
community water systems.
Contamination of indiscriminately discharged human and livestock wastes is a common threat to
freshwater resource in all states of FSM. Problems of land access in most states, especially in Chuuk
makes enforcement difficult. Given the diversity of tiers of government and dispersed nature of the
populated islands, capacity and expertise in technical, design and planning of the water sector in FSM
is limited. At the national level, the need for integrated water resources legislation, clear policy and
consistent planning approaches for improvement of a sustainable management sector are well
recognised by government. Like many PIC's, donors and development banks such as ADS assist in
reform of the water sector primarily with a focus on infrastructure and investment needs. Such needs
including water supply, are reflected in the FSM Infrastructure Development Plan, 2003-2017.
Cultural and traditional beliefs are entrenched in many peoples way of life in FSM. It is essential that
these be integrated into water and environmental improvement programmes, particularly in rural
areas. Cultural factors therefore affect the way groups use the environment and how they approach
health and health services. In case of rural water supply and environmental sanitation the approach of
community participation is crucial for sustainable development. Public participation in the water supply
sector has historically been very low.
3. DEVELOPING A STRATEGIC APPROACH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA'S FRESHWATER RESOURCES
3.1 Policy Statement
This Framework National Water and Sanitation Policy have been developed to provide the rationale
and direction for a Comprehensive National Water and Sanitation Policy for the Federated States of
Micronesia. Key elements of comprehensive policy will include a "Federated States of Micronesia
National Water Outlook" and Water Sector Investment Plan. The intent of this policy is to mainstream
the principles of Integrated Water Resource Management and Water Use Efficiency into national and
state development planning and resource management.
3.2 Policy Vision
This policy strives to ensure that the people of the Federated States of Micronesia's right to secure
access to safe and clean drinking water is met, and that the use of the Nation's freshwater resources
is planned in a manner that maximises the benefits of this scarce and fragile resource for island
communities, now and in the future.
3.3 Policy Goals
The overall goals for a Comprehensive National Water and Sanitation Policy for the Federated States
of Micronesia are:
• to create an environment at the national level, in which collaboration and partnership in
addressing water resource and wastewater management issues, between all stakeholders,
and at all levels is fostered and encouraged; and
• to enhance the mainstreaming of Integrated Water Resource Management and Water Use
Efficiency Principles into National and State Development Planning
3.4 Guiding Principles
9. appraisal of infrastructure options (e.g. piped gravity fed, rainwater harvesting, desalinisation);
and
(d) population proximity to secure supplies of safe drinking water and sanitation services, and
implication of water demand trends and pollution pressures.
3.5.2 Compilation and analysis of national budgets, development policies and plans, and the
operational plans of relevant government ministries and/or departments to:
(a) Prepare an inventory of ongoing and planned national level actions for freshwater
management and sanitation;
(b) Determine and benchmark budget allocations and govemment expenditure on water
resource management; and
(c) Assess national and state level need for improved cross-sectorial coordination and
streamlining of govemment service delivery in water resource management.
3.5.3 Assessment of existing policy and legal arrangements for water resource management
and sanitation and recommendations for their reform:
(a) Preparation of an inventory of existing policies, laws, Executive Orders, Presidential
Decrees etc. relating to water resources and sanitation;
(b) Compilation of stakeholder recommendations for water policy and legal reforms,
particularly those needed to ensure harmonisation between different sectorial policies and
legislation, as well as between national and local level govemance frameworks; and
(c) Documentation of national budgetary planning processes and timings to inform national
initiatives to mainstream IWRM into govemment service delivery for water resource
management.
3.5.4. National consultative process for the identification of national water resource
management targets and performance indicators, and national prioritisation of water
resource management interventions
(a) States should cooperate to identify appropriate water resource management targets and
performance indicators, and prioritize State and National freshwater and coastal water quality
issues. States should co-operate with each other in addressing the prioritized water resource
and sanitation issues in the Federated States of Micronesia
(b) Each State should work to mobilize necessary resources, capacities and services, as well
as develop legal, financial and economic arrangements, including the adoption of a water
sector investment plan aimed at meeting the national targets identified.
3.5.5 Preparation of a "Federated States of Micronesia National Water Outlook" and Sectoral
Investment Plan.
3.5.6 Public Awareness and Exchange.
(a) Public awareness should be raised at the national, state, and local community levels on
Integrated Water Resource Management and Water Use Efficiency. Public awareness can be
raised through State education systems, campaigns and other activities.
4. STRENGTHENING NATIONAL COORDINATION OF WATER AND SANITATION SERVICE
DELIVERY
4.1 Proposed Features of a Coordinating Body for Water and Sanitation
The proposed mechanism for coordination and oversight of national water policy development and
implementation is via a National Water Task Force, with the following features:
• Multi-stakeholder representation and active participation;
• Maintains a separation between discussions of scientific and technical matters from
discussions dealing with policy and principles at both the national and state levels;
• Facilitates and ensures the incorporation of sound scientific and technical advice and
information into policy development and water sector planning;
• Emphasises and fosters networking at all levels and amongst all stakeholders;
10. National Integrated Water Resource Focal Point. The National Water Policy Officer will be responsible
for ensuring timely submission of substantive outputs, expenditure, administrative progress reports,
and annual implementation reviews to the National Water Task Force and the Water and Sanitation
Working Group of the Micronesian Chief Executive Summit (MCES WatSan). Independent impact
evaluations may possibly be undertake through the MCES WatSan or other regional projects or
mechanisms. The National Water Outlook and Water Sector Investment Plan will be updated annually
and every 3 years, respectively.
7. SUPPPORT
To achieve the goals of this Framework National Water Policy and the development of a
Comprehensive National Water and Sanitation Policy, it is crucial to ensure commitment and support
of all government agencies, non-governmental agencies, private sector representatives and
communities. In addition, the support from regional and international development partners is needed
for the successful development of this policy. In this respect, the responsible agencies and officer are
directed to engage with development partners to ensure inputs of technical support and financing as
and required.
8. APPROVAL
The Federated States of Micronesia Framework National Water Policy is hereby approved for further
elaboration this 22 nd of March 2011.