Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Water Quality Monitoring Acitvity
1. GROUP 4 SECTION
I
Water Quality Monitoring
GTS133 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
SIRINDHORN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER 2, YEAR 2013
2. Why Are Water Quality
Standards Important?
Water quality standards are
important because they help to
protect and restore the quality of the
Nation's surface waters
Standards help to identify water quality
problems caused by, for example,
improperly treated wastewater discharges,
runoff or discharges from active or
abandoned mining sites, sediment,
fertilizers, and chemicals from agricultural
areas, and erosion of stream banks caused
by improper grazing practices. Standards
also support efforts to achieve and
maintain protective water quality
conditions
3. OBJECTIVES
1 To assess water quality to general
observation and measurement of temperature,
transparency, turbidity, DO, pH , and conductivity.
2 To compare overall test results to pollution
control department water-quality standards .
3 To assess overall water quality.
Materials/Supplie
s
1 secchi disk
2 turbidity meter
3 DO meter
4 pH indicator
5 conductivity meter
4. METHODOLOGY ; WHAT
TO DO?
General Observation
What do you see?
Observe color?
Odor?
Flowing?
Drain discharge?
Fish jumping?
Additional Physical and Chemical
Properties
Temperature – Read from conductivity meter
Water Transparency – Using Secchi disk
Turbidity – Using turbidity meter
pH – Using pH indicator strips
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) – Using DO meter
Conductivity – Using conductivity meter
5. PROCEDURE
pH measurement
1 Take the water sample from sampling point
2 Measure by putting the pH indicator strips in to sample
3 Compare the color of pH indicator with references
4 Compare the value with pH quality index
5 Record both reading
Reference
pH indicator strips
Water Sample
6. Transparency Measurement
1 Slowly lower the Secchi disk into the
water until it is no longer visible. Record this
depth.
2 Slowly raise the disk until it just
becomes visible once again. Record this
depth.
3 Average the depths from steps 1 and 2
to get the Secchi depth.
4 This may be repeated for a
measurement of precision.
Secchi Disk
7. Chamber
Turbidity Measurement
Measured
1 Use a clean, empty water Value
quality to collect the water sample.
2 Wipe the tube with
a lint-free tissue. Make sure there’re no
Tube
fingerprints, or other particles on tube.
3 Place the clean tube into theTurbidity Meter
chamber of the turbidity meter.
Align the cap(with the slash mark) with the mark on chamber.
4 Select appropriate range on the selection knob.
5 As soon as the reading stabilizes, record the reading
as NTU on the data sheet.
6 Remove the tube from the chamber. Empty and rinse
the tube(s) with distilled water, dry tube(s), and store tube(s)
in kit.
7 Record the results onto data sheet.
8 Multiple sampling points
8. Conductivity Measurement
1 Prepare the conductivity meter and probe for use.
2 Calibrate the instrument according to the
manufacturer’s instructions and record the calibration.
3 Turn the conductivity meter on and place the probe
into water column and stir with the probe.
4 Wait until the meter stabilizes Read Temperature
to obtain the reading for conductivity.
5 Record the reading.
6 Multiple sampling points
7 Rinse the probe with
Read conductivity value in
µS/cm
distilled water
8 Turn off the instrument
and handle the probe carefully so as
not to damage it while in the field
Conductivity
9. Read DO
value
Dissolved Oxygen(DO) Measurement
1 Prepare DO meter and Probe for use
2 Calibrate the instrument according to
the manufacturer’s instructions
Record the calibration.
3 At each station, turn the meter
(Dissolved
on and place the probe into water
Oxygen)
column and stir with the probe.
DO Meter
(Remark : since DO various accorded to depth of water,
be sure to keep the probe’s position on water surface)
4 Allow sufficient time for the probe to stabilize before
sampling the dissolved oxygen.
5 Record the reading and also multiple sampling points
6 Rinse the probe with distilled water
7 Turn off the instrument and handle the probe carefully
so as not to damage it while in the field
10. RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Sampling location and observation
Location
Lawn next to
canteen
Sampling Map
General Observation
Water has natural color, there's no natural
flowing but fountain provided. There's no drain
discharge appeared in sight, no odor. There're
fish jumping. a little bit oil floating on surface.
11. Table 1 Results according to water characteristics
Monitoring parameters
Sampling
Transparenc
Temp
Turbidity
Point
pH
y
(°C)
(NTU)
(cm)
DO
(mg L)
%
Conductivity
(μS cm)
1
27.7
8
94
7.77
4.2
52
584
2
28.0
7
80
8.42
4.3
57
573
86
8.075
4.25
54.5
578.5
1
Average
27.85 7.5
1
27
7
90
8.29
4
48
585
2
27
7
85
7.79
4.2
45
587
27
7
87.5
8.04
4.1
46.5
586
2
Average
12. Standard Value for Class2/
Class1
Parameter1/
1. Color, Odor
and Taste
Class2
Class3
Class4
Class5
Methods for
Examinatio
n
Units Statistics
-
-
n
n’
n’
n’
-
-
C°
-
n
n’
n’
n’
-
Thermomete
r
-
-
n
5-9
5-9
5-9
-
Electrometric
pH Meter
mg/l
P20
n
6.0
4.0
2.0
-
Azide
Modification
2. Temperature
3. pH
4. Dissolved
Oxygen (DO)2/
Remark
:
1/The
2/
standard value were only given for class 2-4. For class 1, it should be as found in natural environment and class 5 was not given the value
The given DO concentrations are the minimum requirement
P
n
n'
Percentile value
naturally
naturally but changing not more than 3°C
*
when water hardness not more than 100 mg/l as CaCO3
**
when water hardness more than 100 mg/l as CaCO3
Based on Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works
Association and WPCF : Water Pollution Control Federation
Source
:
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 8, B.E. 2537 (1994), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535
(1992) , published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 111, Part 16, dated February 24, B.E.2537 (1994).
13. Classification
Class 1
Objectives/Condition and Beneficial Usage
Extra clean fresh surface water resources used for :
(1) conservation not necessary pass through water treatment process require
only ordinary process for pathogenic destruction
(2) ecosystem conservation where basic organisms can breed naturally
Class 2
Very clean fresh surface water resources used for :
(1) consumption which requires ordinary water treatment process before use
(2) aquatic organism of conservation
(3) fisheries
(4) recreation
Class 3
Medium clean fresh surface water resources used for :
(1) consumption, but passing through an ordinary treatment process before
using
(2) agriculture
Class 4
Fairly clean fresh surface water resources used for :
(1) consumption, but requires special water treatment process before using
(2) industry
Class 5
The sources which are not classification in class 1-4 and used for navigation.
14. AFTER CAMPARING AVERAGE RESULTS BELOW WITH TAB
Temperature = 27.85 degree Celsius.
pH = 7.5
Transparency = 86 centimeters
Turbidity = 8.095 NTU
Dissolve Oxygen (DO) = 4.25 mg/L and 54.5%
Conductivity = 578.5
OUR RESULT is…
Class 3
Medium clean fresh surface water resources used for :
(1) consumption, but passing through an ordinary
treatment process before using
(2) agriculture
ALMOST FINISH BUT…
16. Table 1I Results according to water quality index
Sampling
point
Water quality index
Average
pH
DO
Turbidity
1
85
46
82
71
2
90
53
81
74.67
87.5
49.5
81.5
72.85
1
89
40
80
69.67
2
89
35
83
69
89
37.5
81.5
69.335
1
Average
2
Average
17. Comparing Through
Water Quality Index Value
BETTER
Up to 100
Down to 0
WORSE
among 3 parameters (Dissolved Oxygen,
Turbidity, pH) because this specified
parameters can show obviously the
quality of sampling water. Quality index of
each parameters, they are showed below.
pH
DO
Turbidity
Average
Average 1
87.5
49.5
81.5
72.85
Average 2
89
37.5
81.5
69.335
Finale
AVR
88.25
43.5
81.5
71.093
71 OUT OF 100 IS FAIRLY GOOD FOR US BUT
Compare to the former result of class 3 water quality
We decided it needs improvement.
18. So….Hopefully ,faculty and our students should help together to
conserve water resources, I think the sampling water requires
treatment decently. And we should instruct some way to solve the
problem of bad quality water resources and consider developing a
sustainable management and preventing resource in longer time.
19. REFERENCES
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology., School of BioChemical Engineering and Technology. (2013) Activity Manual;
“Activity 4 Water Quality Monitoring”. Pathumthani, COPY
center.pp.24-34
"Surface water quality standards".
2012-02-30. [http://www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/en_reg_std_water.html]
" Why Are Water Quality Standards Important?".
2012-02-30.
[http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/standards/imp.cfm]
