This is the presentation I talked in my class.

1. THE WATER
PROBLEM IN
SINGAPORE

2.  the annual rainfall 2378 mm (Japan rainfall
1688mm)
 http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/23/living/newater-singapore/
RAINFALL IN SINGAPORE

3. rapid population growth
forest decline high temperature
disappearance water
WHY WATER PROBLEM
HAPPEN？

4. WAY TO GET WATER

5.  Now import water from Malaysia…
 Import 250 million gallons a day（about 11.3
thousand square kilometers）
 pays three Malaysian sent （＝0.81yen）
per 1,000 gallons （=about 3785.41 litter )
 agreement will expire in 2061
Need new way to get water
WAY TO GET WATER

6. CHINA
 1/4 available water resource per capita
world: 8,000m3, China: 2,100m3
 reuse rate on industrial water 50%,
irrigation efficiency 40%
 water pollution
industrial waste water discharge,
untreated domestic sewage

8. The solution for water
scarcity

9.  Singapore increased the total number of reservoir to
17, almost two-thirds of Singapore’s land area.
1. WATER STORAGE

10.  NEWater :
NEWater is produced from treated used water.
 About plants :
The first NEWater plants were opened in Bedok and
Kranji in 2003.
 Used for :
NEWater is mainly used for industrial and air-con
cooling purposes at wafer fabrication plants, industrial
estates and commercial buildings.
2.RECYCLED WATER

11.  Sewer lines :
This initiative has now completed their assembly of
sewer lines in the northern , eastern parts of Singapore
and the construction of Changi sewage plant. The
Singaporean government has decided to abolish all
redundant sewage plants and reconstruct three main
plants.
 100% of their population is served by modern
sanitation.
 Currently, there are still 4 sewage plants in
Singapore
3. NEWATER DEVELOPMENT AND
URBAN PROJECT

12.  Singapore possesses a sea water desalination
system. It purifies sea water by extracting aerosol
contents through the use of the reverse osmosis
membrane. Currently, Singapore possesses two sea
water desalination plants, which is supporting 25%
of the daily water needs of Singapore.
4. SEA WATER DESALINATION

13.  Economical and Legal measures :
Singaporean government charges a different amount
of tax on the user. However, financially weaker families
are given subsidies.
 Education :
Singapore completed the construction of the NEWater
Visitor Centre with free admission, aiming to teach the
citizens some know-hows and enlighten them on how
NEWater processes sewage and desalinates sea water.
5. WATER CONSERVATION
INITIATIVES

14.  Once every two years, various international
professionals who specialize in water chemistry,
poisonous substances and microorganisms converge
in Singapore to give their comments, views and
analysis on the quality of NEWater, hoping to
maintain and improve it.
6. SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL
WATER WEEK

15. http://www.pub.gov.sg/e-
services/Pages/default.aspx
http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2010
/world/singapore-will-cut-water-imports-from-
malaysia-pursue-self-sufficiency/
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf
/04/07/singapore.water.dilemma/
REFUTATION