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Water pollution
- 1.
- 2. Natural Man made Sewage Industrialand trade wastes Agricultural pollutants Physical pollutants-heat Dissolved gases-H2S,CO2,NH3,N2 Dissolved Minerals –salts of Ca,Mg,Na Suspended impurities-clay, silt, sand and mud Microscopic organism IMPURITIES
- 3. The indicators ofpollution • Amount of total suspended solids • Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at 20 deg. C • Concentration of chlorides, nitrogen and phosphorus • Absence of dissolved oxygen.
- 4. Water-related disease Biological (Water-bornediseases) Chemical
- 5. Biological (Water-borne diseases) 1.Those caused by the presence of an infective agent : (a) Viral : Viral hepatitis A, hepatitis E, poliomyelitis, rotavirus diarrhoea in infants (b) Bacterial : typhoid and paratyphoid fever, bacillary dysentery, Esch. coli diarrhoea, cholera (c) Protozoal : amoebiasis, giardiasis (d) Helminthic : roundworm, threadworm, hydatid disease. (e) Leptospiral : well's disease 2. Those due to the presence of an aquatic host : (a) Snail : schistosomiasis (b) Cyclops : guineaworm , fish tape worm.
- 6. Chemical Pollutants derived fromindustrial and agricultural wastes. – detergent solvents – cyanides – heavy metals – minerals and organic acids – nitrogenous substances – bleaching agents – dyes – pigments – sulphides – ammonia Direct affect on health Indirect -by accumulating in aquatic life (e.g. fish) used as human food.
- 7. In addition … a)Dentalhealth : high levels of fluoride -mottling of the dental enamel b)Cyanosis in infant : High nitrate -methaemoglobinaemia. c)Cardiovascular diseases : Hardness of water -beneficial effect against cardiovascular diseases d) Diseases transmitted because of inadequate use of water -shigellosis trachoma and conjunctivitis, ascariasis, scabies e) Diseases related to the disease carrying insects breeding in or near water-malaria, filaria, arboviruses
- 8. WATER POLLUTION LAW 1974-Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. • The Act seeks to provide legal deterrent against the spread of water pollution.
- 9. Conclusion • Water pollution-impurities •Indicators of water pollution • Water related diseases • Water pollution law
Editor's Notes
- #5 sphorus and absence of dissolved oxygen. Even if the source of water supply and its treatment are of a high standard, water pollution may still occur as often happens, due to corrosion of pipe lines, leaky joints and cross connections between water supply pipes and sewage drainage pipes. Surveillance has to be exercised at every point in the distribution system to ensure supply of safe water to the consumer
- #8 ingestion of contaminated water either directly or through food; and by the use of contaminated water for purpose of personal hygiene and recreation. being the diarrhoeal diseases. about chemical pollutants WATER POLLUTION in water relates not so much as to their acute toxic effects on human health as to the possible long-term effects of low level exposure, which are often non-specific and difficult to detect.
- #11 The presence of fluoride at about 1 mg/litre in drinking water is known to protect against dental caries, but This is a rare occurrence but may occur when surface water from farmland, treated with a fertilizer, gain access to the water supply.
- #12 In India, water pollution is becoming a serious problem. To protect water from being contaminated, the Indian Parliament in It provides for the constitution of Central and State Water Boards and Joint Water Boards endowed with wide powers for controlling pollution