Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development emphasizes that social interactions and cultural tools are fundamental in learning. Key concepts include the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and scaffolding, which facilitate learning through support from knowledgeable others. Compared to Piaget, Vygotsky focuses on continuous development and cultural context but faces criticism for vague definitions of social interaction and the ZPD process.

1. Er. Ramesh Adhikari
MARC
H2024
Vygotsky's Theory of
Cognitive Development

2. 2
Vygotsky's central
argument
Cognitive development
is primarily driven by
social interactions and
cultural tools.
Photo source : bigstockphoto.com

3. Key concept in Vygotsky's theory
3
Zone of
Proximal Development
(ZPD)
Scaffolding Interaction Language

4. Zone of proximal
development (ZPD)
Gap between a child's current
abilities and what they can
achieve with support from a
more knowledgeable other
Photo
Source:
firstdiscoverers.co.uk
4

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Scaffolding : A temporary support system to help students learn
new concepts and skills.
Video: Example of Scaffolding

6. 6
Education: Collaborative learning
Workplace Training: Mentorship
programs
Parenting: Guiding children
through new activities
Applications of
Vygotsky's Theory

7. 7
Vygotsky vs. Piaget
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
• Focuses on social interaction
• Views development as continuous
• Prioritizes cultural context
Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
• Emphasizes individual exploration.
• Piaget sees it as stage-based
• Ignores cultural context

8. ADD A FOOTER 8
Criticism of
Vygotsky Theory
• Vygotsky theory only vaguely defined social interaction and never
stated the best method for engagement.
• The ZPD also does not explain the process of development or how
development actually occurs. (Chaiklin, 2003, pp. 42-46).

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REFERENCES
• Elearning.nou.edu.np/mod/quiz/
• Moll, L. C. (1990). Vygotsky in education: Instructional design for children
with learning disabilities
• Flavell, J. H. (1993). The play of words: Essays on the development of
childhood thought. Harvard University Press

10. Thank You !
Any Questions ? ?