CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 1 - TREATY OF VERSAILLESGeorge Dumitrache
The Treaty of Versailles established terms of peace after World War 1. Georges Clemenceau of France wanted harsh punishment of Germany, while Woodrow Wilson of the US advocated for his 14 Points and League of Nations. David Lloyd George of Britain sought compromise. Key terms included Germany accepting war guilt, severe military restrictions, reparations, and land losses. The treaty established principles that other treaties with Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Turkey followed. It was seen as unfair by Germans but achieved some successes in self-determination like establishing new states, though it also had failures and problems that contributed to future tensions.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: SPANISH CIVIL WAR.
Spanish Civil War, (1936–39), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. The Nationalists, as the rebels were called, received aid from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and the United States.
WEAKNESSES OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. However, the League also had three great weaknesses. The USA, Russia and Germany were not members; without these powers, the League was too weak to make a big country do as it wished (for instance, Italy over Corfu in 1923). Also, the League's organisation was a muddle, so when there was a crisis, no-one could agree.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 02. NAZI PARTY IDEOLOGY IN 1920George Dumitrache
The document provides background information on the origins and early development of the Nazi party in Germany during the 1920s. It describes how the party began as the German Workers' Party led by Anton Drexler before Hitler joined in 1919 and became the leader in 1921. It also outlines some of the key aspects of the Nazi party platform outlined in the 25-point program, including nationalism, anti-Semitism, and a desire for more territory. Finally, it discusses Hitler's failed Munich Putsch coup attempt in 1923 and how he wrote Mein Kampf while in prison.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANYGeorge Dumitrache
The document summarizes the impact of World War 1 on Germany. It discusses how Germany initially found success on the Eastern Front and made advances on the Western Front in 1918 but was eventually overwhelmed as the US joined the war effort. Germany experienced political instability, economic devastation from blockades, widespread hunger and disease, and psychological trauma from defeat. The German people bitterly blamed leaders for the defeat, sowing seeds for the rise of the Nazis in the unstable Weimar Republic that followed the war.
The document summarizes the events leading up to and outcomes of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II in the Pacific theater. It describes the estimated high costs of invading mainland Japan, the top secret Manhattan Project to develop nuclear weapons, and President Truman's difficult decision to drop atomic bombs on Japanese cities in light of Japan's refusal to surrender after the Allies demanded unconditional terms. On August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb called "Little Boy" on Hiroshima, killing 75,000 people instantly. Japan still did not surrender, so the U.S. dropped a second bomb called "Fat Man" on Nagasaki on August 9
The document summarizes the key causes that led to World War 2, including the Treaty of Versailles which punished Germany after WWI and led to resentment, the rise of fascist regimes in Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini, the worldwide Great Depression, Japanese expansionism in Asia, anti-communism, Britain and France appeasing Hitler, the growth of militarism and extreme nationalism in Germany and Japan, American isolationism, and maps showing the theaters of war.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 1 - TREATY OF VERSAILLESGeorge Dumitrache
The Treaty of Versailles established terms of peace after World War 1. Georges Clemenceau of France wanted harsh punishment of Germany, while Woodrow Wilson of the US advocated for his 14 Points and League of Nations. David Lloyd George of Britain sought compromise. Key terms included Germany accepting war guilt, severe military restrictions, reparations, and land losses. The treaty established principles that other treaties with Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Turkey followed. It was seen as unfair by Germans but achieved some successes in self-determination like establishing new states, though it also had failures and problems that contributed to future tensions.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: SPANISH CIVIL WAR.
Spanish Civil War, (1936–39), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. The Nationalists, as the rebels were called, received aid from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and the United States.
WEAKNESSES OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. However, the League also had three great weaknesses. The USA, Russia and Germany were not members; without these powers, the League was too weak to make a big country do as it wished (for instance, Italy over Corfu in 1923). Also, the League's organisation was a muddle, so when there was a crisis, no-one could agree.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 02. NAZI PARTY IDEOLOGY IN 1920George Dumitrache
The document provides background information on the origins and early development of the Nazi party in Germany during the 1920s. It describes how the party began as the German Workers' Party led by Anton Drexler before Hitler joined in 1919 and became the leader in 1921. It also outlines some of the key aspects of the Nazi party platform outlined in the 25-point program, including nationalism, anti-Semitism, and a desire for more territory. Finally, it discusses Hitler's failed Munich Putsch coup attempt in 1923 and how he wrote Mein Kampf while in prison.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANYGeorge Dumitrache
The document summarizes the impact of World War 1 on Germany. It discusses how Germany initially found success on the Eastern Front and made advances on the Western Front in 1918 but was eventually overwhelmed as the US joined the war effort. Germany experienced political instability, economic devastation from blockades, widespread hunger and disease, and psychological trauma from defeat. The German people bitterly blamed leaders for the defeat, sowing seeds for the rise of the Nazis in the unstable Weimar Republic that followed the war.
The document summarizes the events leading up to and outcomes of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II in the Pacific theater. It describes the estimated high costs of invading mainland Japan, the top secret Manhattan Project to develop nuclear weapons, and President Truman's difficult decision to drop atomic bombs on Japanese cities in light of Japan's refusal to surrender after the Allies demanded unconditional terms. On August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb called "Little Boy" on Hiroshima, killing 75,000 people instantly. Japan still did not surrender, so the U.S. dropped a second bomb called "Fat Man" on Nagasaki on August 9
The document summarizes the key causes that led to World War 2, including the Treaty of Versailles which punished Germany after WWI and led to resentment, the rise of fascist regimes in Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini, the worldwide Great Depression, Japanese expansionism in Asia, anti-communism, Britain and France appeasing Hitler, the growth of militarism and extreme nationalism in Germany and Japan, American isolationism, and maps showing the theaters of war.
Treaty of versaille and great depressionmarypardee
The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany after World War 1 that contributed to economic instability. It required Germany to pay massive reparations, lose territory and demilitarize. Germans resented these terms which humiliated the country. In the 1930s, the worldwide economic depression further hurt Germany and other European nations. As businesses closed and unemployment rose, populism and nationalism increased, setting the stage for World War 2.
The industrial revolution spread across Europe and the United States in the mid-1800s. New technologies like steel production, electricity, the internal combustion engine, and new business practices involving corporations and mass production techniques transformed economies. Innovations in transportation, communication, and manufacturing encouraged global trade and industrial dominance by Western nations in the late 1800s.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER'S ECONOMIC AIMS. Presentation contains: unemployment, deficit financing, autarky, the first and second year plan, reinflation, measures to reduce unemployment.
1) Several factors contributed to the outbreak of WWI, including rising nationalism across Europe, imperial competition exacerbated by industrialization, and increased militarism as countries engaged in an arms race.
2) The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to issue an ultimatum to Serbia, which refused, triggering a series of military mobilizations and declarations of war as alliances pulled more countries into the conflict.
3) Over four years of stalemated trench warfare ensued across Western Europe, resulting in over 10 million military deaths and over 20 million wounded, with new industrial weapons enabling unprecedented carnage.
Wemar Germany - germans' reaction to the treaty of versaillesmrmarr
Germans reacted with fury to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. While Germany expected some punishment for World War I, the treaty's terms went far beyond expectations and were seen as an imposed diktat rather than a negotiated agreement. massive protests erupted across Germany over the harsh reparations payments, loss of territory, and military restrictions. The treaty deeply undermined the new Weimar Republic and fueled nationalist sentiments, as Germans felt the nation was not truly at fault for starting the war.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: GERMANY AT THE END OF WORLD WAR 1George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: GERMANY AT THE END OF WORLD WAR 1. It contains: the end of the Kaiser, left-wing revolutionaries, Spartacist rising, Bavarian Socialist Republic, National Assembly, Weimar Constitution, Bill of Rights.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 by East Germany to stop the flow of people from East to West Berlin. It divided Berlin and Germany for nearly 30 years until 1989 when increasing civil unrest and reforms in the Soviet Union led to its fall. The fall of the Berlin Wall was a pivotal event that symbolized the end of the Cold War and led to German reunification in 1990.
The document provides an overview of key topics and events related to the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference. It summarizes the aims and views of the "Big Three" leaders (Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain, and Wilson of the US) regarding the peace settlement. It also outlines the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles, German reactions to it, and the treaty's importance in the aftermath of World War 1.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES ON THE R...George Dumitrache
The document discusses the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany and the instability it caused during the Weimar Republic. It imposed heavy reparations on Germany, took away land and resources, and limited the size of its military. This caused resentment and political unrest. The Freikorps right-wing paramilitary groups opposed the treaty. Hyperinflation in 1923 due to the French occupation of the Ruhr Valley devalued German currency, impoverishing the middle class. The Weimar government struggled with instability, uprisings, and coups like the Kapp Putsch until reforms by Gustav Stresemann in 1923 stabilized the economy.
04. GERMANY - DEPTH STUDY: THE STRESEMANN ERA, 1924-1929George Dumitrache
The period 1924-1929 was a time when the Weimar economy recovered and cultural life in Germany flourished. This dramatic turnabout happened in large part because of the role played by Gustav Stresemann who became Chancellor in August 1923 during the hyperinflation crisis.
The document summarizes the state of the Weimar economy between 1924-1929. While industrial production and exports were increasing, creating more jobs, agriculture production and wages remained below pre-WW1 levels. Unemployment also rose during this period. Historians disagree on whether the German economy had truly recovered or remained precarious due to factors like high government spending, wages demands, and lack of business investment.
Reasons the Nazis gained power - Treaty of versaillesmrmarr
The document discusses the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany after World War 1. It notes that many Germans believed they were "stabbed in the back" by leaders who signed the armistice, dubbed the "November Criminals". The treaty forced Germany to take responsibility for starting the war and imposed severe economic sanctions like reparations amounting to £132 billion gold marks. While the treaty fueled German anger and nationalist sentiment that helped the Nazis rise, there are also arguments that other factors like the Great Depression were more directly responsible for the Nazis gaining power in 1932.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - RHINELAND 1936.
On March 7, 1936, Adolf Hitler sent over 20,000 troops back into the Rhineland, an area that was supposed to remain a demilitarized zone according to the Treaty of Versailles. The area known as the Rhineland was a strip of German land that borders France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
Collapse of the Weimar Republic - Hitler becomes chancellormrmarr
President Hindenburg reluctantly appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933 due to pressure from elite Germans, despite Hindenburg's dislike of Hitler. Hitler's appointment allowed two other Nazis to join the German Cabinet. While Hitler was initially constrained as head of a coalition government, he sought an election to gain a Nazi majority and consolidate his power.
The Treaty of Versailles imposed terms on Germany after World War 1. It was signed on June 28, 1919 at Versailles Palace by Germany and the Allied powers. The key terms included Germany taking responsibility for starting the war, losing territory, demilitarization, and paying reparations. However, the treaty failed to achieve lasting peace and set the stage for World War 2 by isolating and punishing Germany severely.
World War II began in the 1930s with acts of aggression by Japan, Italy and Germany. Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931, Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935. Germany annexed Austria and invaded Czechoslovakia, ignoring the League of Nations. In 1939, Germany invaded Poland, starting World War II. The policy of appeasement by Britain and France failed to stop Hitler's expansionism. Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, while Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, bringing the United States into the war.
The Great Depression had severe negative consequences for Germany's economy which was dependent on foreign trade and capital. As production levels declined and workers were laid off, inflation set in making it difficult for many German citizens to afford necessities, and many fell into poverty. The economic troubles contributed to the unraveling of Germany's democracy, culminating with Adolf Hitler and the Nazis winning the 1932 elections and Hitler becoming chancellor. Under Hitler, Germany transitioned to a fascist economy focused on autarky and military spending, which helped lower unemployment by 1935.
Treaty of versaille and great depressionmarypardee
The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany after World War 1 that contributed to economic instability. It required Germany to pay massive reparations, lose territory and demilitarize. Germans resented these terms which humiliated the country. In the 1930s, the worldwide economic depression further hurt Germany and other European nations. As businesses closed and unemployment rose, populism and nationalism increased, setting the stage for World War 2.
The industrial revolution spread across Europe and the United States in the mid-1800s. New technologies like steel production, electricity, the internal combustion engine, and new business practices involving corporations and mass production techniques transformed economies. Innovations in transportation, communication, and manufacturing encouraged global trade and industrial dominance by Western nations in the late 1800s.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: HITLER'S ECONOMIC AIMS. Presentation contains: unemployment, deficit financing, autarky, the first and second year plan, reinflation, measures to reduce unemployment.
1) Several factors contributed to the outbreak of WWI, including rising nationalism across Europe, imperial competition exacerbated by industrialization, and increased militarism as countries engaged in an arms race.
2) The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to issue an ultimatum to Serbia, which refused, triggering a series of military mobilizations and declarations of war as alliances pulled more countries into the conflict.
3) Over four years of stalemated trench warfare ensued across Western Europe, resulting in over 10 million military deaths and over 20 million wounded, with new industrial weapons enabling unprecedented carnage.
Wemar Germany - germans' reaction to the treaty of versaillesmrmarr
Germans reacted with fury to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. While Germany expected some punishment for World War I, the treaty's terms went far beyond expectations and were seen as an imposed diktat rather than a negotiated agreement. massive protests erupted across Germany over the harsh reparations payments, loss of territory, and military restrictions. The treaty deeply undermined the new Weimar Republic and fueled nationalist sentiments, as Germans felt the nation was not truly at fault for starting the war.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: GERMANY AT THE END OF WORLD WAR 1George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: GERMANY AT THE END OF WORLD WAR 1. It contains: the end of the Kaiser, left-wing revolutionaries, Spartacist rising, Bavarian Socialist Republic, National Assembly, Weimar Constitution, Bill of Rights.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 by East Germany to stop the flow of people from East to West Berlin. It divided Berlin and Germany for nearly 30 years until 1989 when increasing civil unrest and reforms in the Soviet Union led to its fall. The fall of the Berlin Wall was a pivotal event that symbolized the end of the Cold War and led to German reunification in 1990.
The document provides an overview of key topics and events related to the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference. It summarizes the aims and views of the "Big Three" leaders (Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain, and Wilson of the US) regarding the peace settlement. It also outlines the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles, German reactions to it, and the treaty's importance in the aftermath of World War 1.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES ON THE R...George Dumitrache
The document discusses the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany and the instability it caused during the Weimar Republic. It imposed heavy reparations on Germany, took away land and resources, and limited the size of its military. This caused resentment and political unrest. The Freikorps right-wing paramilitary groups opposed the treaty. Hyperinflation in 1923 due to the French occupation of the Ruhr Valley devalued German currency, impoverishing the middle class. The Weimar government struggled with instability, uprisings, and coups like the Kapp Putsch until reforms by Gustav Stresemann in 1923 stabilized the economy.
04. GERMANY - DEPTH STUDY: THE STRESEMANN ERA, 1924-1929George Dumitrache
The period 1924-1929 was a time when the Weimar economy recovered and cultural life in Germany flourished. This dramatic turnabout happened in large part because of the role played by Gustav Stresemann who became Chancellor in August 1923 during the hyperinflation crisis.
The document summarizes the state of the Weimar economy between 1924-1929. While industrial production and exports were increasing, creating more jobs, agriculture production and wages remained below pre-WW1 levels. Unemployment also rose during this period. Historians disagree on whether the German economy had truly recovered or remained precarious due to factors like high government spending, wages demands, and lack of business investment.
Reasons the Nazis gained power - Treaty of versaillesmrmarr
The document discusses the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany after World War 1. It notes that many Germans believed they were "stabbed in the back" by leaders who signed the armistice, dubbed the "November Criminals". The treaty forced Germany to take responsibility for starting the war and imposed severe economic sanctions like reparations amounting to £132 billion gold marks. While the treaty fueled German anger and nationalist sentiment that helped the Nazis rise, there are also arguments that other factors like the Great Depression were more directly responsible for the Nazis gaining power in 1932.
THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - RHINELAND 1936.
On March 7, 1936, Adolf Hitler sent over 20,000 troops back into the Rhineland, an area that was supposed to remain a demilitarized zone according to the Treaty of Versailles. The area known as the Rhineland was a strip of German land that borders France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
Collapse of the Weimar Republic - Hitler becomes chancellormrmarr
President Hindenburg reluctantly appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933 due to pressure from elite Germans, despite Hindenburg's dislike of Hitler. Hitler's appointment allowed two other Nazis to join the German Cabinet. While Hitler was initially constrained as head of a coalition government, he sought an election to gain a Nazi majority and consolidate his power.
The Treaty of Versailles imposed terms on Germany after World War 1. It was signed on June 28, 1919 at Versailles Palace by Germany and the Allied powers. The key terms included Germany taking responsibility for starting the war, losing territory, demilitarization, and paying reparations. However, the treaty failed to achieve lasting peace and set the stage for World War 2 by isolating and punishing Germany severely.
World War II began in the 1930s with acts of aggression by Japan, Italy and Germany. Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931, Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935. Germany annexed Austria and invaded Czechoslovakia, ignoring the League of Nations. In 1939, Germany invaded Poland, starting World War II. The policy of appeasement by Britain and France failed to stop Hitler's expansionism. Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, while Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, bringing the United States into the war.
The Great Depression had severe negative consequences for Germany's economy which was dependent on foreign trade and capital. As production levels declined and workers were laid off, inflation set in making it difficult for many German citizens to afford necessities, and many fell into poverty. The economic troubles contributed to the unraveling of Germany's democracy, culminating with Adolf Hitler and the Nazis winning the 1932 elections and Hitler becoming chancellor. Under Hitler, Germany transitioned to a fascist economy focused on autarky and military spending, which helped lower unemployment by 1935.
On June 22, 2009, Kodak announced the termination of Kodachrome film after 74 years. Kodachrome was the first successful mass-marketed color film and was renowned for its color accuracy. Although it lost market share to competitors in later decades, Kodachrome remained a strong brand until the rise of digital photography in the late 1990s caused a rapid decline in sales. With Kodak struggling financially, the company could no longer sustain producing the film.
Disruptive Innovation and the Camera IndustryChris Sandström
This document summarizes the rise of digital cameras and the decline of film cameras and the companies that produced them. In the 1990s and early 2000s, digital cameras rapidly improved in quality and dropped in price, while the number of digital cameras sold increased dramatically. This disrupted the film industry and destroyed longtime camera brands that relied on film sales for profits. Companies like Kodak, Polaroid, and Agfa that were built around film saw their market shares collapse. Meanwhile, electronics companies like Canon and Nikon that adapted to digital imaging came to dominate the industry. The transition required new electronic skills that many traditional camera makers lacked.
2. Eller västmakternas eftergiftspolitik… varför gör de inget?
1935-39 Hitlers aggressionspolitik
Opinionen i GBR
Mars: Rhenlandet
Mars: Anschluss. vänder: Vi kan
Tyskland återinför remilitariseras på
Odramatiskt inte ge efter för
allmän värnplikt. Ingen reaktion
ansluts Österrike Hitler längre. GBR
Ingen reaktion från FRA/GBR.
till Tyskland (efter garanterar Polens
från FRA/GBR. Mussolini stödjer
folkomröstning). säkerhet efter
aktionen.
tyska hot.
1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940
Juli: Spanska September: GBR
inbördeskriget. och FRA går med
Högerextremer på att ge Hitler
med Franco mot Sudetlandet, en
republikaner. stor del av
Hitler stödjer Tjeckoslovakien.
Franco
November: Antikominternpakten mellan Augusti: Ribbentrop-Molotovpakten. En
Nazityskland och Japan. ITA, ESP och FIN icke-angreppspakt mellan Tyskland och
med flera går också med senare. Sovjet. Delar intressen i Polen.
Komintern – frontorganisation i Sovjet 1 september: Tyskland angriper Polen
3. Ytförklaringar till andra
världskriget
• Aggressiva makter startar krig för att förbättra
sina positioner:
Tyskland annekterar Polen
Sovjetunionen annekterar Baltikum och
Finland.
4. Djupförklaringar (strukturella):
• Förödmjukelsen av tyskarna i Versaillesfreden
och revanschism
• De fascistiska ideologiernas framväxt
• Ekonomiska konjunkturen
• En fortsättning på första världskriget efter 20
år av vapenstillestånd?
• Västmakterna sökte samarbetspartner och
valde Polen istället för Sovjetunionen
5. 1939
• 1 sep – Tyskland anfaller Polen
• 30 nov – Sovjetunionen angriper Finland, efter
att ha ockuperat delar av Baltikum och Polen
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
6. 1940
• ”Låtsaskriget”
• 9 april – Tyskland invaderar Norge och
Danmark
• Maj – Kriget på västfronten inleds –
Nederländerna, Belgien och Frankrike
besegras på några månader
• Hösten – slaget om Storbritannien – i
huvudsak terrorbombning - blir Tysklands
första förlust (eller icke-seger)
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
8. 1941
• Tyskland besätter hela Balkan, där Italien hade
problem
• 22 juni – Tyskland bryter pakten med Sovjet
och går till anfall: Operation Barbarossa
• 7 dec – Japan attackerar Pearl Harbor på
Hawaii: USA inträder i kriget
• Sovjettrupper lyckas försvara Moskva
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
10. 1942 – de stora vändpunkterna
• Tyskland tar sikte på sydöstra Sovjet med
oljerika områden.
• Slaget vid Stalingrad där tyskarna till slut
omringas
• De allierade förstärker i Afrika och slår den
tyska afrikakåren i slaget vid El-Alamein
• Japans lycka vänder efter förlusten i slaget vid
Midway
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
11. 1943
• Tyskland ger upp Stalingrad och lämnar 90
000 krigsfångar efter sig
• De allierade landstiger i Italien, Mussolini
störtas, Italien byter sida igen
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
13. 1944
• 6 juni – Dagen D, landstigning i Normandie
• Tysk kollaps i öst, ständig reträtt
• December – överraskningsoffensiv på
västfronten som ger tyska framgångar först
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
15. 1945
• 16 april – Slaget om Berlin inleds mot
spillrorna av Nazityskland
• 30 april – Hitler tar livet av sig
• 7 maj – Tyskland kapitulerar
• 6 och 9 augusti släpper USA två atombomber
över Japan
• Japan kapitulerar den 15:e augusti
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
16. Krigets karaktär
• Offensiva vapen: Stridsvagnar leder rörliga anfall
• Blixtkrig – snabba genombrott, krossa fiendens
servicelinje
• Bombplan som understöd för stridsvagnar
• Välutbildad militär
• Soldaten hade oftast: automatvapen, granater, minor
och sprängmedel i standardutrustning
• Radiokommunikation
• Kärnvapen
• Totalt krig: Utrotning, urskillningslöst dödande av civila
17. Krigsförbrytarprocesserna
• Nürnberg 1945-47 – första och största
krigsförbrytarprocesserna. 36 dödsdomar och
några hundra fängelsestraff.
• I Japan 5000 åtal
• Brittiska bombningar och röda arméns
angrepp på tyska civila passerade ostraffat
18. Karl Dönitz
Hermann Göring President
Riksmarskalk 10 års fängelse
Dödsdom, självmord Erich Raeder
Rudolf Hess Generalinspektör
Minister Livstid
Livstid, dog 1987 i Baldur von Schirach
fängelset Partidistriktordförande
20 år i fängelse
Joachim von Ribbentrop
Fritz Sauckel
Utrikesminister
Partidistriktordförande
Dödsdom,verkställd
Dödsdom, verkställd
Wilhelm Keitel
Generalfältmarskalk
Dödsdom, verkställd
19. Krigets följder
• Europa utblottat
• 50 miljoner människor dog
• 35 miljoner ytterligare sårades
• Misstro till krig som konfliktlösning: FN bildas
och grunderna till EU föds snart…
• …dock blir det inte bättre än att Kalla kriget
kommer att prägla de följande 40 åren.
