Hetrotropia is a condition where one or both eyes are not directed at the fixation point. There are different types of strabismus classified by direction of deviation and constancy. Prisms can be used to relieve diplopia by placing the base over the weak eye to redirect the image. The Krimsky or corneal light reflex test assesses ocular alignment by observing symmetry of the light reflexes. An asymmetrical reflex indicates an imbalance like esotropia or exotropia.
In children, spectacle prescriptions must consider the ongoing development of refractive errors and vision. Objective and subjective testing is used to refine optical corrections appropriately for each age. Spectacles are indicated for high refractive errors that could cause amblyopia, or when refractive errors are associated with other eye conditions. The child should return for follow up to ensure proper adaptation to new spectacles. Considerations for specific refractive errors like hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism include addressing amblyopia risks and a child's visual needs based on their age and activities. Anisometropia and strabismus may also impact spectacle prescriptions.
Effects of radiation and glare on human eyesAmrit Pokharel
The presentation I have made and uploaded provides you with an in-depth insight into whats and hows as regards the radiation hazards on human eyes.
The author does not assume responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work.
No copyright infringement, or plagiarism intended.
Amrit Pokharel
This document discusses anti-reflective coatings. It begins by describing their applications in corrective lenses and photolithography. It then outlines different types of coatings, including index-matching, single-layer interference, multi-layer interference, absorbing, moth eye, and circular polarizers. The document also covers the theory behind how reflection and interference coatings work to reduce reflection at surfaces. Key points include using layers of different refractive indices to destructively interfere reflected beams while constructively interfering transmitted beams.
Congenital retinal anomalies can arise from developmental defects, vascular abnormalities, infections, tumors or trauma. Clinical presentation depends on laterality and extent of vision loss. Examination may reveal colobomas, retinal folds, persistent fetal vasculature or lacunae indicative of conditions like Aicardi syndrome. Retinopathy of prematurity is a major cause of vision loss in premature infants and progresses through stages from demarcation lines to retinal detachment. Infectious etiologies can cause chorioretinitis from viruses like cytomegalovirus and parasites including toxoplasmosis. Prompt treatment is aimed at the underlying cause and prevention of complications affecting vision.
This document discusses sports vision and its importance. Sports vision refers to evaluating an athlete's eyesight and visual functions to improve sports performance. It involves testing vision, eyesight, eye tracking, peripheral vision, visual reaction time, depth perception, eye-hand coordination, and visualization. These visual skills are important for sports like cricket, football, volleyball, tennis, baseball, and others that require clearly seeing fast-moving objects, tracking balls, peripheral awareness, quick reactions, judging distances, and coordinating the body with visual input. Optometrists can help athletes improve these visual abilities through exercises and practice to enhance their sports performance.
This document discusses prescribing eyeglasses for children and outlines several key points:
1. There are no universal guidelines for prescribing eyeglasses in children due to ongoing controversies and trends. Factors like the child's age, visual needs, results of cycloplegic refraction, eye alignment, and risk of amblyopia must be considered.
2. Cycloplegia is important to accurately measure a child's refractive error, as inadequate cycloplegia can underestimate hyperopia and overestimate myopia. Atropine is the gold standard but other agents are also used.
3. The process of emmetropization means a child's refractive components normally coordinate to become non-
Hetrotropia is a condition where one or both eyes are not directed at the fixation point. There are different types of strabismus classified by direction of deviation and constancy. Prisms can be used to relieve diplopia by placing the base over the weak eye to redirect the image. The Krimsky or corneal light reflex test assesses ocular alignment by observing symmetry of the light reflexes. An asymmetrical reflex indicates an imbalance like esotropia or exotropia.
In children, spectacle prescriptions must consider the ongoing development of refractive errors and vision. Objective and subjective testing is used to refine optical corrections appropriately for each age. Spectacles are indicated for high refractive errors that could cause amblyopia, or when refractive errors are associated with other eye conditions. The child should return for follow up to ensure proper adaptation to new spectacles. Considerations for specific refractive errors like hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism include addressing amblyopia risks and a child's visual needs based on their age and activities. Anisometropia and strabismus may also impact spectacle prescriptions.
Effects of radiation and glare on human eyesAmrit Pokharel
The presentation I have made and uploaded provides you with an in-depth insight into whats and hows as regards the radiation hazards on human eyes.
The author does not assume responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work.
No copyright infringement, or plagiarism intended.
Amrit Pokharel
This document discusses anti-reflective coatings. It begins by describing their applications in corrective lenses and photolithography. It then outlines different types of coatings, including index-matching, single-layer interference, multi-layer interference, absorbing, moth eye, and circular polarizers. The document also covers the theory behind how reflection and interference coatings work to reduce reflection at surfaces. Key points include using layers of different refractive indices to destructively interfere reflected beams while constructively interfering transmitted beams.
Congenital retinal anomalies can arise from developmental defects, vascular abnormalities, infections, tumors or trauma. Clinical presentation depends on laterality and extent of vision loss. Examination may reveal colobomas, retinal folds, persistent fetal vasculature or lacunae indicative of conditions like Aicardi syndrome. Retinopathy of prematurity is a major cause of vision loss in premature infants and progresses through stages from demarcation lines to retinal detachment. Infectious etiologies can cause chorioretinitis from viruses like cytomegalovirus and parasites including toxoplasmosis. Prompt treatment is aimed at the underlying cause and prevention of complications affecting vision.
This document discusses sports vision and its importance. Sports vision refers to evaluating an athlete's eyesight and visual functions to improve sports performance. It involves testing vision, eyesight, eye tracking, peripheral vision, visual reaction time, depth perception, eye-hand coordination, and visualization. These visual skills are important for sports like cricket, football, volleyball, tennis, baseball, and others that require clearly seeing fast-moving objects, tracking balls, peripheral awareness, quick reactions, judging distances, and coordinating the body with visual input. Optometrists can help athletes improve these visual abilities through exercises and practice to enhance their sports performance.
This document discusses prescribing eyeglasses for children and outlines several key points:
1. There are no universal guidelines for prescribing eyeglasses in children due to ongoing controversies and trends. Factors like the child's age, visual needs, results of cycloplegic refraction, eye alignment, and risk of amblyopia must be considered.
2. Cycloplegia is important to accurately measure a child's refractive error, as inadequate cycloplegia can underestimate hyperopia and overestimate myopia. Atropine is the gold standard but other agents are also used.
3. The process of emmetropization means a child's refractive components normally coordinate to become non-
This document discusses the calculation of equivalent viewing distance (EVD) and equivalent viewing power (EVP) for low vision patients. It provides the following key points:
EVD is the distance at which an object would need to be viewed to achieve the same visual angle as the magnified image. It is calculated as the actual viewing distance divided by the enlargement ratio.
Various optical devices that can provide magnification are described, including spectacle magnifiers, handheld magnifiers, stand magnifiers, telescopes, and video magnifiers. The EVD for each device depends on factors like the magnifying power and the distance between lenses or from the lens to the image.
Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the
Radiation and its ocular and visual problems.pptxAl Amin
This document discusses various types of radiation and associated occupational hazards and protection methods. It describes two main types of radiation - ionizing and non-ionizing. For each type, it outlines common sources, potential ocular health effects, and recommended prevention and protection strategies like personal protective equipment, exposure limits, and administrative controls. The document emphasizes the importance of implementing radiation safety practices and protocols, especially for medical workers performing interventional procedures.
This document discusses techniques for refraction after cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. It notes that the IOL disrupts normal physiology and its thickness differs from the natural lens. It provides guidance on using autorefraction and autokeratometry readings, accounting for pupil size and shape, and titrating between spheres and cylinders to achieve best corrected vision. The document emphasizes starting with minimum powers and refining the prescription through techniques like fogging to address higher order aberrations from the IOL. It cautions that decentered or tilted IOLs, dry eye, and other ocular issues can affect the accuracy of refraction.
This document provides instructions for performing subjective refraction using both distance and near vision tests. It discusses evaluating visual acuity with current prescriptions, estimating spherical and astigmatic errors, determining best sphere and refining the prescription. Tables are included showing relationships between visual acuity, refractive error and calculating residual sphere. Procedures for spherical correction using letter charts and duochrome tests are outlined. LogMAR and Snellen visual acuity charts are also described.
The document discusses different lens materials used in ophthalmic lenses, including their properties and characteristics. It covers natural materials like quartz, glass materials like crown glass and flint glass, and plastic materials like CR-39, polycarbonate, high index plastics, and Trivex. For each material, it provides details on composition, refractive index, Abbe value, advantages and disadvantages. The document aims to educate about different lens materials and their properties for lens manufacturing.
1. Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive defect where parallel light rays focus in front of the retina. There are several types of myopia based on etiology, including axial, curvatural, index, and positional myopia.
2. Simple myopia develops due to normal biological variation and inheritance, usually occurring between ages 5-20 and rarely exceeding -8 diopters. Pathological myopia is a degenerative form associated with rapid eyeball growth and structural changes like staphyloma.
3. Treatment options for myopia include optical corrections like glasses and contact lenses, as well as surgical procedures like LASIK, intraocular lenses, and low vision aids for advanced cases
Injuries from broken ophthalmic lenses are a common source of liability claims against optometrists. The most likely causes of injury are broken glass, plastic, or high-index lenses. Claims often allege negligence for failing to prescribe impact-resistant lenses, warn patients, or inspect lenses. Polycarbonate and Trivex lenses have the best impact resistance. Optometrists can be liable for not prescribing these materials for those at risk, like athletes or workers. Proper documentation of lens options and risks can help reduce liability.
The refractive index is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a material. Materials with a higher refractive index bend light more and allow for thinner lenses. High index lenses have a refractive index greater than 1.49 for plastics and 1.523 for glass. They provide benefits like thinner and lighter lenses but also have disadvantages like increased chromatic aberration. Common materials used include lanthanum, titanium, and polyurethane.
Photochromic lenses are lenses that darken when exposed to UV light and lighten when UV light is removed. They were originally made of glass with silver chemicals but now use organic molecules. Modern photochromic lenses can offer different levels of sun protection and transition speeds. While they provide adaptive sun protection, they have some disadvantages like not changing immediately and not working as well in cars. Drivewear lenses were developed for driving. Photochromic lenses can benefit children by protecting their eyes from UV exposure. Popular photochromic brands include Transitions and Reactolite, with Transitions being the fastest reacting. Eyekit.co offers Transitions Signature VII and Transitions XTRActive photochromic lenses.
Liana Tomescu worked as a sales associate at Vision Express from January 2013 to January 2014, where she proved to be enthusiastic, a quick learner, and achieved a very high performance level through providing great customer service. She was able to advise customers well on frames and lenses, worked well both individually and as part of a team, and was able to show initiative and multi-task at a high level. Her former manager at Vision Express provides this reference letter and confirms she was one of the top sales associates during her time there.
Stereopsis is the ability to perceive depth from binocular vision using retinal disparity. It allows seeing three-dimensional structure from two slightly different retinal images. Special tests like Titmus, Lang, and TNO evaluate stereopsis in seconds of arc from 15 to 3000. Stereopsis is important for tasks requiring fine motor skills and depth perception. While it provides advantages, stereopsis is not necessary for all tasks like some performed in video-assisted surgery. Various conditions and treatments can impact stereopsis.
This document provides an overview of eccentric viewing training for patients with central field loss. It discusses identifying the optimal trained retinal locus using various screening tools. The training involves 6 steps: 1) making the patient aware of their scotoma, 2) teaching refixation techniques, 3) repetitive practice, 4) applying the skills to different tasks, 5) teaching reading techniques if needed, and 6) incorporating relaxation breaks. Progress is monitored and training stops once tasks can be performed with the current print size.
O documento discute os desafios na adaptação de óculos com armações curvas, como ângulos de curvatura e pantoscópico podem induzir astigmatismo e prisma. Explica que as lentes precisam ser fabricadas com prescrições diferentes da receita para compensar esses efeitos e garantir a visão correta para o usuário. Também fornece exemplos de cálculos para demonstrar como determinar a prescrição correta das lentes com base nos ângulos da armação.
This document provides an overview of corneal degeneration. It begins by defining corneal degeneration and discussing its classification. It then describes and compares various peripheral corneal degenerations such as arcus senilis, Vogt's white limbal girdle, and Terrien marginal degeneration. Central or diffuse corneal degenerations such as iron lines, Coat's white ring, lipid degeneration, and Salzmann's nodular degeneration are also reviewed. The document concludes by discussing the histopathology and treatment of some of these conditions.
Lens defects can be grouped into three categories: manufacturing defects, surface defects, and errors in power. Manufacturing defects like color, strain, bubbles, or feathers occur during the production process. Surface defects such as pits, waves, or orange peel happen during polishing or handling. Errors in power arise when blocking pressure or base curves are inconsistent during lens grinding. Proper manufacturing and polishing techniques are needed to minimize defects that can impact image quality or visual comfort.
Presbyopia/ Methods of Presbyopic Addition Determination (healthkura.com)Bikash Sapkota
DIRECT DOWNLOAD LINK ❤❤https://healthkura.com/presbyopia-near-addition/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Presbyopia and techniques of measurement
A fantastic presentation in the topic "Presbyopia and techniques of measurement"
A detailed information about presbyopia, techniques of presbyopic add determination and different correction methods.
Informative slide presentation on presbyopia for ophthalmology residents, ophthalmologists, optometrists, ophthalmic assistants, ophthalmic technicians, ophthalmic nurses, medical students, medical professors, teaching guides.
Presentation Contents:
--Introduction to presbyopia
-Types of presbyopia
-Risk factors
-Symptoms and signs
-Refractive error and presbyopia
-Methods of determining near add.
-Management of presbyopia
In a nutshell..
- The evaluation and management of presbyopia are important because significant functional deficits can occur when the condition is left untreated
- Undercorrected or uncorrected presbyopia can cause significant visual disability and have a negative impact on the pt.'s quality of life
- Finally, every tentative addition should be adjusted according to the particular needs of the patient
For Further Reading:
-Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J.D. Bartlett, J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos
-Primary Care Optometry by Theodere Grosvenor
-Borish’s Clinical Refraction by W.J. Benjamin
-Clinical Procedures for Ocular examination by Carlson et al
-American Academy of Ophthalmology
-Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline by American Optometric Association
-Internet
Follow me to get in touch with optometric and ophthalmic updates.
WHAT IS LOW VISION | LOW VISION INSTRUMENTS | LOW VISION SYMPTOMS | TYPES OF...Naeem Ahmad
1. A person with low vision has impairment of visual functioning even after treatment or refractive correction and has a visual acuity of less than 6/18 but is still able to use their vision.
2. Low vision can be caused by various eye diseases and conditions that cause blurred vision, central field loss, peripheral field loss, or hemianopic defects.
3. There are various optical and non-optical low vision aids that can help people with low vision perform tasks like reading, writing, and mobility by enhancing magnification, contrast and lighting.
Various Soft Contact Lens- designs and their indications Urusha Maharjan
The document discusses various designs and material properties of soft contact lenses, describing 19 different types of soft contact lenses categorized by their water content, oxygen permeability, and FDA group. It provides details on common lens materials like polymacon, alphafilcon A, and etafilcon A as well as specific lenses from brands like Bausch & Lomb, Johnson & Johnson, and Ciba Vision. The document compares silicone hydrogel lenses to conventional hydrogel lenses and their differences in oxygen transmissibility and compatibility with care solutions.
Transposition involves rewriting lens prescriptions while maintaining the same optical power. There are two types: simple transposition and toric transposition. Simple transposition involves algebraically adding/subtracting/changing the sign of sphere and cylinder powers and rotating the cylinder axis by 90 degrees. Toric transposition first uses simple transposition then derives the toric lens formula by separating powers into the spherical and cylindrical base curve components. The spherical equivalent of a prescription is the equal sphere power, calculated as the sphere plus half the cylinder. Crossed cylinder form involves writing two cylinders placed at perpendicular axes to each other.
Mars 2 was an uncrewed Soviet spacecraft launched in 1971 as part of the Mars program. It consisted of an orbiter and lander. While the orbiter achieved Mars orbit and returned some images, the lander crashed onto the surface. The mission goals of studying the Martian atmosphere and surface were not achieved due to failures of the lander.
This document discusses the calculation of equivalent viewing distance (EVD) and equivalent viewing power (EVP) for low vision patients. It provides the following key points:
EVD is the distance at which an object would need to be viewed to achieve the same visual angle as the magnified image. It is calculated as the actual viewing distance divided by the enlargement ratio.
Various optical devices that can provide magnification are described, including spectacle magnifiers, handheld magnifiers, stand magnifiers, telescopes, and video magnifiers. The EVD for each device depends on factors like the magnifying power and the distance between lenses or from the lens to the image.
Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the
Radiation and its ocular and visual problems.pptxAl Amin
This document discusses various types of radiation and associated occupational hazards and protection methods. It describes two main types of radiation - ionizing and non-ionizing. For each type, it outlines common sources, potential ocular health effects, and recommended prevention and protection strategies like personal protective equipment, exposure limits, and administrative controls. The document emphasizes the importance of implementing radiation safety practices and protocols, especially for medical workers performing interventional procedures.
This document discusses techniques for refraction after cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. It notes that the IOL disrupts normal physiology and its thickness differs from the natural lens. It provides guidance on using autorefraction and autokeratometry readings, accounting for pupil size and shape, and titrating between spheres and cylinders to achieve best corrected vision. The document emphasizes starting with minimum powers and refining the prescription through techniques like fogging to address higher order aberrations from the IOL. It cautions that decentered or tilted IOLs, dry eye, and other ocular issues can affect the accuracy of refraction.
This document provides instructions for performing subjective refraction using both distance and near vision tests. It discusses evaluating visual acuity with current prescriptions, estimating spherical and astigmatic errors, determining best sphere and refining the prescription. Tables are included showing relationships between visual acuity, refractive error and calculating residual sphere. Procedures for spherical correction using letter charts and duochrome tests are outlined. LogMAR and Snellen visual acuity charts are also described.
The document discusses different lens materials used in ophthalmic lenses, including their properties and characteristics. It covers natural materials like quartz, glass materials like crown glass and flint glass, and plastic materials like CR-39, polycarbonate, high index plastics, and Trivex. For each material, it provides details on composition, refractive index, Abbe value, advantages and disadvantages. The document aims to educate about different lens materials and their properties for lens manufacturing.
1. Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive defect where parallel light rays focus in front of the retina. There are several types of myopia based on etiology, including axial, curvatural, index, and positional myopia.
2. Simple myopia develops due to normal biological variation and inheritance, usually occurring between ages 5-20 and rarely exceeding -8 diopters. Pathological myopia is a degenerative form associated with rapid eyeball growth and structural changes like staphyloma.
3. Treatment options for myopia include optical corrections like glasses and contact lenses, as well as surgical procedures like LASIK, intraocular lenses, and low vision aids for advanced cases
Injuries from broken ophthalmic lenses are a common source of liability claims against optometrists. The most likely causes of injury are broken glass, plastic, or high-index lenses. Claims often allege negligence for failing to prescribe impact-resistant lenses, warn patients, or inspect lenses. Polycarbonate and Trivex lenses have the best impact resistance. Optometrists can be liable for not prescribing these materials for those at risk, like athletes or workers. Proper documentation of lens options and risks can help reduce liability.
The refractive index is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a material. Materials with a higher refractive index bend light more and allow for thinner lenses. High index lenses have a refractive index greater than 1.49 for plastics and 1.523 for glass. They provide benefits like thinner and lighter lenses but also have disadvantages like increased chromatic aberration. Common materials used include lanthanum, titanium, and polyurethane.
Photochromic lenses are lenses that darken when exposed to UV light and lighten when UV light is removed. They were originally made of glass with silver chemicals but now use organic molecules. Modern photochromic lenses can offer different levels of sun protection and transition speeds. While they provide adaptive sun protection, they have some disadvantages like not changing immediately and not working as well in cars. Drivewear lenses were developed for driving. Photochromic lenses can benefit children by protecting their eyes from UV exposure. Popular photochromic brands include Transitions and Reactolite, with Transitions being the fastest reacting. Eyekit.co offers Transitions Signature VII and Transitions XTRActive photochromic lenses.
Liana Tomescu worked as a sales associate at Vision Express from January 2013 to January 2014, where she proved to be enthusiastic, a quick learner, and achieved a very high performance level through providing great customer service. She was able to advise customers well on frames and lenses, worked well both individually and as part of a team, and was able to show initiative and multi-task at a high level. Her former manager at Vision Express provides this reference letter and confirms she was one of the top sales associates during her time there.
Stereopsis is the ability to perceive depth from binocular vision using retinal disparity. It allows seeing three-dimensional structure from two slightly different retinal images. Special tests like Titmus, Lang, and TNO evaluate stereopsis in seconds of arc from 15 to 3000. Stereopsis is important for tasks requiring fine motor skills and depth perception. While it provides advantages, stereopsis is not necessary for all tasks like some performed in video-assisted surgery. Various conditions and treatments can impact stereopsis.
This document provides an overview of eccentric viewing training for patients with central field loss. It discusses identifying the optimal trained retinal locus using various screening tools. The training involves 6 steps: 1) making the patient aware of their scotoma, 2) teaching refixation techniques, 3) repetitive practice, 4) applying the skills to different tasks, 5) teaching reading techniques if needed, and 6) incorporating relaxation breaks. Progress is monitored and training stops once tasks can be performed with the current print size.
O documento discute os desafios na adaptação de óculos com armações curvas, como ângulos de curvatura e pantoscópico podem induzir astigmatismo e prisma. Explica que as lentes precisam ser fabricadas com prescrições diferentes da receita para compensar esses efeitos e garantir a visão correta para o usuário. Também fornece exemplos de cálculos para demonstrar como determinar a prescrição correta das lentes com base nos ângulos da armação.
This document provides an overview of corneal degeneration. It begins by defining corneal degeneration and discussing its classification. It then describes and compares various peripheral corneal degenerations such as arcus senilis, Vogt's white limbal girdle, and Terrien marginal degeneration. Central or diffuse corneal degenerations such as iron lines, Coat's white ring, lipid degeneration, and Salzmann's nodular degeneration are also reviewed. The document concludes by discussing the histopathology and treatment of some of these conditions.
Lens defects can be grouped into three categories: manufacturing defects, surface defects, and errors in power. Manufacturing defects like color, strain, bubbles, or feathers occur during the production process. Surface defects such as pits, waves, or orange peel happen during polishing or handling. Errors in power arise when blocking pressure or base curves are inconsistent during lens grinding. Proper manufacturing and polishing techniques are needed to minimize defects that can impact image quality or visual comfort.
Presbyopia/ Methods of Presbyopic Addition Determination (healthkura.com)Bikash Sapkota
DIRECT DOWNLOAD LINK ❤❤https://healthkura.com/presbyopia-near-addition/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Presbyopia and techniques of measurement
A fantastic presentation in the topic "Presbyopia and techniques of measurement"
A detailed information about presbyopia, techniques of presbyopic add determination and different correction methods.
Informative slide presentation on presbyopia for ophthalmology residents, ophthalmologists, optometrists, ophthalmic assistants, ophthalmic technicians, ophthalmic nurses, medical students, medical professors, teaching guides.
Presentation Contents:
--Introduction to presbyopia
-Types of presbyopia
-Risk factors
-Symptoms and signs
-Refractive error and presbyopia
-Methods of determining near add.
-Management of presbyopia
In a nutshell..
- The evaluation and management of presbyopia are important because significant functional deficits can occur when the condition is left untreated
- Undercorrected or uncorrected presbyopia can cause significant visual disability and have a negative impact on the pt.'s quality of life
- Finally, every tentative addition should be adjusted according to the particular needs of the patient
For Further Reading:
-Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J.D. Bartlett, J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos
-Primary Care Optometry by Theodere Grosvenor
-Borish’s Clinical Refraction by W.J. Benjamin
-Clinical Procedures for Ocular examination by Carlson et al
-American Academy of Ophthalmology
-Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline by American Optometric Association
-Internet
Follow me to get in touch with optometric and ophthalmic updates.
WHAT IS LOW VISION | LOW VISION INSTRUMENTS | LOW VISION SYMPTOMS | TYPES OF...Naeem Ahmad
1. A person with low vision has impairment of visual functioning even after treatment or refractive correction and has a visual acuity of less than 6/18 but is still able to use their vision.
2. Low vision can be caused by various eye diseases and conditions that cause blurred vision, central field loss, peripheral field loss, or hemianopic defects.
3. There are various optical and non-optical low vision aids that can help people with low vision perform tasks like reading, writing, and mobility by enhancing magnification, contrast and lighting.
Various Soft Contact Lens- designs and their indications Urusha Maharjan
The document discusses various designs and material properties of soft contact lenses, describing 19 different types of soft contact lenses categorized by their water content, oxygen permeability, and FDA group. It provides details on common lens materials like polymacon, alphafilcon A, and etafilcon A as well as specific lenses from brands like Bausch & Lomb, Johnson & Johnson, and Ciba Vision. The document compares silicone hydrogel lenses to conventional hydrogel lenses and their differences in oxygen transmissibility and compatibility with care solutions.
Transposition involves rewriting lens prescriptions while maintaining the same optical power. There are two types: simple transposition and toric transposition. Simple transposition involves algebraically adding/subtracting/changing the sign of sphere and cylinder powers and rotating the cylinder axis by 90 degrees. Toric transposition first uses simple transposition then derives the toric lens formula by separating powers into the spherical and cylindrical base curve components. The spherical equivalent of a prescription is the equal sphere power, calculated as the sphere plus half the cylinder. Crossed cylinder form involves writing two cylinders placed at perpendicular axes to each other.
Mars 2 was an uncrewed Soviet spacecraft launched in 1971 as part of the Mars program. It consisted of an orbiter and lander. While the orbiter achieved Mars orbit and returned some images, the lander crashed onto the surface. The mission goals of studying the Martian atmosphere and surface were not achieved due to failures of the lander.
De eerste minuten CPR & AED voor volwassenen.
Richtlijnen voor leken.
CPR staat voor Cardiopulmonaire Resuscitatie, ook wel Reanimatie genoemd.
AED staat voor Automatische Externe Defibrillator. Het is een apparaat dat bij een hartstilstand levens kan redden.
Herstel en rehabilitatie, chris helwegChris Helweg
Chris Helweg, regabilitatie, herstel, ggz,
Herstel is een proces waarbij cliënten op hun eigen, unieke wijze opnieuw inhoud aan hun leven geven. Wanneer mensen ervaren dat zij zelf keuzes hebben en daar de verantwoordelijkheid voor nemen kunnen zij hun bestaan een gunstige wending geven. Psychiatrische ziekte hoeft geen belemmering voor volwaardig burgerschap te zijn.
Een belangrijk aspect van het herstelproces is empowerment. Dat wil zeggen dat cliënten de kracht terugvinden om de regie over hun leven te herwinnen. Zij maken eigen keuzes en bepalen zelf zoveel mogelijk de wijze waarop zij willen leven.
Dagelijks gebeuren er ongevallen en noodgevallen om ons heen. Weten hoe je moet handelen kan in sommige situaties het verschil tussen leven en dood betekenen.
Bas Vogelvang, lector reclassering en veiligheidsbeleid aan de Avans Hogeschool gaf tijdens de InBeeldbijeenkomst van het expertisecentrum Veilige Publieke Taak op 15 juni 2015 een lezing over de impact en mogelijke interventies bij agressie door verwarde personen.
Waarom we alsmaar gekker worden - Dirk de Wachter en Lezers van StavastHans van Duijnhoven
Voor een bijeenkomst van de Lezers van Stavast samengestelde presentatie over 'Borderline times' van Dirk de Wachter. En enkele verwante boeken. Citaten uit Humo en dit boek. Sluit aan op het jaarthema 'Eho's in control?'
12. Gebaseerd op het boek:
Stress en trauma bij de politie
Erik DE SOIR, Patrick VAN DEN STEENE en
Frédérick DAUBECHIES
MAKLU Uitgevers
13. DOELSTELLINGEN FIST:
• Onmiddellijke opvang : Eerste Psychologische Hulp
bij Ongevallen op de plaats van de interventie.
o Voorbeeld: Opvang van gewonde collega tijdens interventie
14. • Antenne voor psychologische stress na interventie en …
• vrijblijvende ondersteuning in eerste ogenblikken na een
ingrijpende interventie.
o Voorbeeld: Na interventie met dodelijke afloop (code 20) of
traumatiserende gebeurtenis
15. • Opvolging: geheel van gesprekken en contacten
in de dagen/weken volgend op de ingrijpende
interventie
o Voorbeeld: groepsdebriefing na traumatische ervaring
16. SLACHTOFFER WORDEN ALS HULPVERLENER ?
Een ‘slachtoffer’ is iemand die door de gevolgen van
bepaalde handelingen of gebeurtenissen wordt getroffen
lichamelijk of psychologisch
door het meemaken van een ongeluk…of door
getuige te zijn van een schokkende situatie
17. NIEMAND WORDT ‘ZOMAAR’ HULPVERLENER
Je wilt helpen en dat zegt iets over jou,
vaak meer dan je zelf beseft of wil
beseffen.
Je wilt het verschil maken door met
betekenisvolle dingen bezig zijn, mensen
in nood helpen.
maar
Je moet zorg voor jezelf dragen… dat
begint op bij je thuis, maar gaat door op
je werk, de switch zomaar afzetten, kan
je niet en je raakt nooit slachtoffers
ongestraft aan
“De keerzijde van de medaille van motivatie is kwetsbaarheid !”
20. HET CRASH MODEL
Type
slachtoffer
Slachtoffers:
Tertiaire
Secundaire
Primaire
Gebeurtenissen:
Traumatogeen
Depressogeen
Exhaustogeen
Type
gebeurtenis
Acties:
Preventie
Aanpak
Ψ opvolging
Type
preventie
22. Soorten gebeurtenissen:
• Traumatogene gebeurtenis
- (Levens)bedreiging, (doods)angst, zekerheden in het leven
weg
- Confrontatie met de dood
• Depressogene gebeurtenis (deprimerend)
- Verlies van mensenleven, acute rouw, verdriet, intense
emoties, neerslachtigheid, stilte
• Exhaustogene gebeurtenis (uitputting)
- Uitputting lichamelijke/fysieke reserves, flame out
23. Mogelijkheden preventie
• Primaire, secundaire & tertiaire preventie
• Primaire preventie: maatregelen die toelaten om post-
impact gevolgen (restletsels) te vermijden voorkomen
• Secundaire preventie: maatregelen die toelaten om de
post-impact gevolgen te verminderen ontwikkeling van
symptomen in een vroegtijdig stadium voorkomen via
juiste tussenkomst
• Tertiaire preventie: maatregelen die zich richten op de
behandeling van chronische en/of gefixeerde restletsels
op lange termijn (psychotherapeutische behandeling)
24. WANNEER WORDEN SCHOKKENDE, INGRIJPENDE INTERVENTIES ALS
‘POTENTIEEL TRAUMATISCH’ GEZIEN?
de ervaring is plots, eenmalig, onverwacht, buitengewoon;
brengt intense gevoelens van machteloosheid, woede, angst
en ontreddering;
confronteert je op met de dood of veiligheid van jezelf of
iemand anders.
je basisverwachtingen en –zekerheden omtrent het leven
worden verstoord (veiligheid, voorspelbaarheid, vertrouwen,
eerlijkheid, samenhang, zinvolheid, controle, etc.)
25. VERSCHILLENDE FASEN NA EEN
INGRIJPENDE INTERVENTIE
1. Acute impact fase: van 24 à 72 uur
(na de interventie)
1. Doorwerkingsfase: van enkele dagen tot enkele
weken (4 - 6 weken)
2. Fixatiefase: verwerking na enkele weken
o Meerderheid van de hulpverleners verwerkt een ingrijpende
interventie spontaan. (70 à 80 %)
o 15 à 20% kan problemen van doorwerking ondervinden, ongeveer
1,5 à 3% kan blijvende restletsels ontwikkelen.
26. ONMIDDELLIJK NA INGRIJPENDE INTERVENTIES:
DE ACUTE FASE
• Machteloosheid en hulpeloosheid,
‘in een roes verkeren’, onbesef van
draagwijdte van gevolgen, gevoel
van onwerkelijkheid, hyper/
hypo-actief gedrag (fight or flight), agressie en cynisme
• Mogelijkheid om veiligheid, geborgenheid en rust aan te
bieden zodat de impact langzaam kan doordringen
• Informatie verschaffen (over de situatie, de feiten, de
gevolgen, de voorziene hulp, etc.)
• Ventilatie: praten, gevoelens uiten, tijd
De beste FiST helper de collega brandweerman
!
27. NA INGRIJPENDE INTERVENTIES:
DE DOORWERKINGSFASE
• Heen/weer beweging tussen herbeleving en vermijding van de
herinneringen die met de interventie samenhangen.
• Steunomgeving (collega’s, leiding) kan helpen: luisteren, begrip
tonen, erkenning bieden en dingen bespreekbaar maken
• Contact met lotgenoten : acute opvang, psychologische debriefing
na verloop van enkele dagen, contact met (in)directe slachtoffers,
etc.
29. MOGELIJKE EMOTIONELE IMPACT
• Een interventie kan :
• Een sterke impact hebben op de ene persoon
• En een verwaarloosbare impact op de andere persoon
• Een persoon kan :
• Het ene moment geraakt worden door die ene
interventie
• Maar niet door een andere zware interventie
Waarom reageren mensen zo verschillend?
30. DE DRIEHOEK VAN IMPACT
Hulpverlener
Situatie
zelf
Slachtoffer(s)
31. VOORBEELD
• Tom en Rudi zijn technisch team bij bevrijding
van een beknelde hoogzwangere vrouw uit
een voertuig
• De vrouw van Tom is momenteel 7
maand zwanger en had 2 jaar geleden
een miskraam
• Rudi is vrijgezel en heeft nog nooit een
langdurige relatie gehad
44. FiST : provinciale FiST medewerkers
• Federale FiST Staf
• Provinciale FiST Staf
o Provinciale FiST Supervisor, coordinator, secretaris
en een arts
• Provinciale FiST medewerkers
o FiST antennes (intern korps)
o debriefers (extern korps)
• Plannen: regiowerking
Alle FiST leden zijn vrijwillige of professionele brandweerlui/ambulanciers
45. Wanneer zoek je professionele hulp?
- Gevoelens blijven sterk aanwezig ( > 4 à 6 weken)
- Werk en familiaal leven lijden onder je toestand, je kan het
niet plaatsen
- Geen innerlijke rust meer vinden
- Geen energie meer hebben voor iets anders
- Blijvend gevoel van gejaagdheid
- Verstoord functioneren tijdens interventies
o herbeleving, vermijding, …