Volume 5 (19) Issue 2 2014
21
New Approaches to Supply Chain Management Concept.
Logistics Integration of "Hub and Spoke" Model
Gheorghe MINCULETE
Polixenia OLAR
“Carol I” National Defense University, Romania
[email protected]
Abstract
In the current modern trade, the integration of economic affairs from design to
completion is an important priority, which determines all economic options of companies
to focus on satisfying the needs of consumers and users to their loyalty.
A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a
customer’s request. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers,
but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers themselves.
Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all
functions involved in receiving and filling a customer’s request. These functions include,
but are not limited to, new product development, marketing, operations, distribution,
finance, and customer service.
This article stresses the essential aspects of supply chain management in modern
economics affairs, which are integrating under the functional aspect of the "hub and
spoke" model.
Keywords: supply chain management, hub and spoke model, hub and spoke
system, hub and spoke network, e-commerce
JEL Classification: L11, L22
1. Introduction
The management of the supply-delivery chain aims to intensify the processes that
take place from the level of the suppliers of raw materials to that of the end customers. The
aim is to increase the added value and to improve the use of resources and the efficiency of
costs by bringing the required product at the indicated time and place with minimum
manipulations and without delays.
A supply chain means a flow of goods, services, money and information through
different situations (Tan, 2001). These units are legally independent companies, factories
or offices far from each other, geographically speaking, or organizational entities that have
the autonomy to take decisions regarding the information systems.
The concept of management of the supply-delivery chain is closely connected to
Michael Porter's idea (1985), which expresses it as a chain of values based on the
processual vision on organizations. According to this idea, an organization can be seen as a
Valahian Journal of Economic Studies
22
subsystem composed of sub-systems, each of them with inputs, transformation
(conversion) processes and outputs.
Having in mind the logistic field, the management of the supply-delivery chain is
very important, because it covers the aspects that study the flows of materials and
information, the acquisitions and sales from an operative point of view, such as the
transports, orders and packing, but also aspects of a strategic nature, such as the
competition. Although there is a large number of definitions on the management of the
supply chain, th ...
This document discusses demand and supply chain management and the logistical challenges companies face in meeting changing customer demands. It argues that individual companies can no longer meet customer requirements efficiently on their own and that collaboration between suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers through supply chain partnerships is necessary. Effective demand and supply chain management requires integrating decisions both within and between companies to optimize information, financial, and material flows from a multi-company perspective.
THE AGILE SUPPLY CHAIN IN TURBULENT AND VOLATILE MARKETIAEME Publication
Agility is the fundamental characteristic of a supply chain needed for survival in turbulent and volatile markets, which are becoming normal, as product life cycles shorten and environmental forces create additional uncertainty resulting in higher risk in the supply chain management. Agility further helps in providing the right product, at the right time to the consumer, which is the main objective of any supply chain.
Being responsive is an increasingly important skill for firms in today's global economy; thus firms must be agile. Naturally, it follows that an organization's agility depends on its supply chain being agile. However, achieving supply chain agility is a function of other abilities within the organization, specifically supply chain flexibility and technology integration. The integration enables a firm to tap its supply chain flexibility which in turn results in higher supply chain agility and ultimately higher competitive business performance.
Gaining Competitive Advantages Through Supply Chain Management:Success StoriesLijo M Loyid
This document discusses how effective supply chain management can create competitive advantages for organizations. It provides success stories of Zara, Dell, FedEx, and Walmart as examples. Zara gains advantages through rapid production, local sourcing, and frequent deliveries. Dell reduces costs and lead times through vendor managed inventory and information sharing. FedEx improves transparency and customer service through innovative technology and data availability. Walmart was an early adopter of barcodes and IT to reduce costs and offer low prices. Overall the document shows how supply chain integration, information technology, and waste reduction can help firms compete.
International logistics-management-1220943204514096-9Sumit Palwe
This document discusses the concept of international marketing logistics. It defines logistics as the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow of goods, services, and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customer needs. Logistics has become more important for international companies due to factors like globalization and increased competition. An efficient logistics system is significant for fulfilling contracts on time, improving customer service, reducing costs, and allowing countries and regions to specialize in industries where they have advantages.
The document discusses supply chain management, including its history and key components. It begins with an overview of how supply chain management evolved from initially fragmented business functions like purchasing and inventory management integrating over time. The document then defines supply chain management as combining art and science to improve how companies source raw materials, produce products, deliver to customers, and manage returns. It outlines the basic components of supply chain management as plan, source, make, deliver, and return.
Supply chain management is the systemic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole
An application of Supply Chain Managment on present business organizationsDepesh Banik
The document discusses supply chain management and its application in present business organizations. It defines supply chain as a network of facilities working together to procure materials, transform them into products, and distribute the finished products to customers. The objectives are to understand how supply chain concepts are applied, how supply chains work within organizations, and how supply chain adaptations affect organizations. Research was conducted through literature reviews and interviews with supply chain professionals.
Module 1 Overview of Logistics Managment.pptxKwekuJnr
Logistics plays a critical role in business by efficiently moving goods from origin to consumption. It impacts many areas and creates value for customers through place and time utility. Viewing logistics as part of an interconnected system is important, as the performance of individual activities affects the whole. Logistics interfaces with multiple functions like marketing, finance, accounting, R&D, and production, and supports economic transactions and sales throughout the supply chain. An efficient logistics system provides competitive advantages around cost and delivery.
This document discusses demand and supply chain management and the logistical challenges companies face in meeting changing customer demands. It argues that individual companies can no longer meet customer requirements efficiently on their own and that collaboration between suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers through supply chain partnerships is necessary. Effective demand and supply chain management requires integrating decisions both within and between companies to optimize information, financial, and material flows from a multi-company perspective.
THE AGILE SUPPLY CHAIN IN TURBULENT AND VOLATILE MARKETIAEME Publication
Agility is the fundamental characteristic of a supply chain needed for survival in turbulent and volatile markets, which are becoming normal, as product life cycles shorten and environmental forces create additional uncertainty resulting in higher risk in the supply chain management. Agility further helps in providing the right product, at the right time to the consumer, which is the main objective of any supply chain.
Being responsive is an increasingly important skill for firms in today's global economy; thus firms must be agile. Naturally, it follows that an organization's agility depends on its supply chain being agile. However, achieving supply chain agility is a function of other abilities within the organization, specifically supply chain flexibility and technology integration. The integration enables a firm to tap its supply chain flexibility which in turn results in higher supply chain agility and ultimately higher competitive business performance.
Gaining Competitive Advantages Through Supply Chain Management:Success StoriesLijo M Loyid
This document discusses how effective supply chain management can create competitive advantages for organizations. It provides success stories of Zara, Dell, FedEx, and Walmart as examples. Zara gains advantages through rapid production, local sourcing, and frequent deliveries. Dell reduces costs and lead times through vendor managed inventory and information sharing. FedEx improves transparency and customer service through innovative technology and data availability. Walmart was an early adopter of barcodes and IT to reduce costs and offer low prices. Overall the document shows how supply chain integration, information technology, and waste reduction can help firms compete.
International logistics-management-1220943204514096-9Sumit Palwe
This document discusses the concept of international marketing logistics. It defines logistics as the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow of goods, services, and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customer needs. Logistics has become more important for international companies due to factors like globalization and increased competition. An efficient logistics system is significant for fulfilling contracts on time, improving customer service, reducing costs, and allowing countries and regions to specialize in industries where they have advantages.
The document discusses supply chain management, including its history and key components. It begins with an overview of how supply chain management evolved from initially fragmented business functions like purchasing and inventory management integrating over time. The document then defines supply chain management as combining art and science to improve how companies source raw materials, produce products, deliver to customers, and manage returns. It outlines the basic components of supply chain management as plan, source, make, deliver, and return.
Supply chain management is the systemic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole
An application of Supply Chain Managment on present business organizationsDepesh Banik
The document discusses supply chain management and its application in present business organizations. It defines supply chain as a network of facilities working together to procure materials, transform them into products, and distribute the finished products to customers. The objectives are to understand how supply chain concepts are applied, how supply chains work within organizations, and how supply chain adaptations affect organizations. Research was conducted through literature reviews and interviews with supply chain professionals.
Module 1 Overview of Logistics Managment.pptxKwekuJnr
Logistics plays a critical role in business by efficiently moving goods from origin to consumption. It impacts many areas and creates value for customers through place and time utility. Viewing logistics as part of an interconnected system is important, as the performance of individual activities affects the whole. Logistics interfaces with multiple functions like marketing, finance, accounting, R&D, and production, and supports economic transactions and sales throughout the supply chain. An efficient logistics system provides competitive advantages around cost and delivery.
This document summarizes a paper on the relationship between lean production, sustainable development, and global supply chains. It discusses how lean principles aim to reduce costs through quality improvements and waste reduction. Sustainable development focuses on meeting economic, social, and environmental needs. Global supply chain management coordinates activities across suppliers, manufacturing, and distribution. The paper reviews literature at the intersection of these topics and aims to identify synergies between lean production and sustainable principles applied through global supply chains.
This document provides an overview of supply chain management. It defines supply chain management and describes the objectives, importance, functions, advantages, and characteristics. It also discusses the historical evolution of supply chain management from the creation era to more recent developments like globalization, specialization, and supply chain management as a service. Additionally, it covers Porter's value chain model and the primary and support activities. Finally, it outlines the three main decision phases in supply chain management: supply chain strategy, supply chain planning, and supply chain execution.
Study of supply chain management with special reference to fed exchinar.khar
The document provides an overview of supply chain management (SCM) with a focus on FedEx. It discusses what SCM is, the problems it addresses, and key activities/functions. SCM aims to fulfill customer demands efficiently through integrated business processes from original suppliers to end users. The primary objective is efficiency across the supply chain to match demand with supply using minimal inventory. Key issues addressed by SCM include distribution network configuration, distribution strategy, trade-offs in logistical activities, information sharing, inventory management, and cash flow coordination. The document then discusses logistics management and its role in governing supply chain functions at strategic, operational and tactical levels.
Introduction to supply chain management.ppthereBodoor Ghousheh
This document outlines key concepts regarding supply chain management. It begins by listing 10 learning objectives, including describing the historical background of supply chains, defining supply chain management, analyzing supply chain components, and relating the role of e-business applications. It then provides historical context, discussing how after World War II, logistics capabilities helped countries win wars. It defines supply chain management and lists types of supply chains. It discusses objectives of supply chains and components like information, suppliers, production, and distribution. Finally, it covers implementing supply chains, technical challenges, and the role of e-business in creating dynamic, internet-based supply chains.
This document provides an overview of supply chain management. It defines supply chain management as coordinating the flow of goods and services from suppliers to customers. This includes managing the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods. The document also discusses problems addressed in supply chain management such as distribution network configuration, distribution strategy, inventory management, and information sharing. Finally, it outlines activities at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels of supply chain management.
This document provides an overview of logistics and its evolution. It discusses the basic concepts of logistics, including how it involves the flow of materials, information, and money between suppliers and consumers. Logistics has evolved from focusing on individual workplaces and facilities to encompassing entire corporations and global supply chains. The document also distinguishes logistics from supply chain management, noting that logistics refers to activities that connect and activate objects within a supply chain. Integrated management approaches like collaboration, enterprise extension, and integrated service providers are discussed. Finally, the document contrasts traditional anticipatory business models based on forecasts with emerging response-based models enabled by information sharing.
Unit 2 logistics environment lscm (11 pages)Suzana Vaidya
1) The document discusses logistics and customer service. It emphasizes that customer service should be the central focus of logistics management as satisfying customers is the ultimate goal.
2) Customer expectations are continually increasing while markets are becoming more commodity-based, so customer service can provide a competitive advantage where product differences are small.
3) The success of any business depends on the customer value it provides through quality, service, cost and time - all areas logistics can impact. Customer retention is also crucial to profitability.
Reverse logistics is the process of moving goods back through the supply chain for reuse, recycling, or disposal. It includes returning surplus, damaged, expired, or recalled products from customers back to manufacturers or distributors. Efficient reverse logistics is important for companies to manage returns and meet legal obligations for disposal. Common reverse logistics activities include refurbishing, remanufacturing, recycling, and proper disposal of waste.
The document discusses supply chain management and reverse logistics. It defines supply chain management as planning, implementing, and controlling procedures for efficient transportation and storage of goods from origin to consumption. Reverse logistics is defined as the flow of materials from consumption back to origin for disposal, refurbishing, reuse, or reallocation. Reverse logistics has become important in logistics and the U.S. Army, where it helps save money and keep large operations moving efficiently. The document examines the Army's reverse logistics policies.
The document discusses pull and push supply chain models. A pull supply chain, also called built-to-order, manufactures products based on specific customer requests to minimize inventory carrying. A push supply chain, also called built-to-stock, manufactures products based on anticipated demand which can lead to higher inventory costs. The document provides examples of industries that typically use each model and their key characteristics.
This document summarizes the evolution of research on closed-loop supply chains over the past 15 years. It describes five phases:
1) A narrow, technically focused approach
2) Recognition of closed-loop supply chains as a distinct research area
3) A focus on operational and technical issues
4) Consideration of closed-loop supply chains from a holistic business perspective
5) The current understanding that sees closed-loop supply chains as a fully recognized sub-field of supply chain management requiring coordination across the entire product lifecycle to maximize value recovery.
1. The document discusses the history and definitions of logistics and supply chain management, noting that while logistics originated as a military term, it now refers to the movement of goods from suppliers to consumers.
2. It describes key aspects of logistics and SCM including inventory planning, transportation, packaging, and warehousing, and explains how information flows are critical to coordinating activities across the supply chain.
3. The role of logistics information systems is to manage data related to logistical activities within and across organizations to improve decision making and customer service.
Optimization of Physical Distribution of Consumer Goods in Nigeria: A Case St...IOSR Journals
The study is aimedat procuring optimalsolutions to challenges faced in the physical distribution system of consumer goods in Nigeria context also the need to minimize cost especially in Physical distribution is inevitable as increased cost of transport and poor transport infrastructure imposes strain on the physical distribution system. The researcher applied network optimization models to develop optimal solutions to real life problems in physical distribution system. Using questionnaires the researcher was able to explain how various service variables influence the service level.The researcher identified trends in warehousing operations, the nature of the relationship between physical flow and distribution cost and how various service variables influenced the service level. Afterwards, he recommended ways to benefit from these opportunitiesand steps to take to cub the impact of its challenges of the physical distribution system.
This document summarizes a study on supply chain management in the textile industry and a supplier selection model using analytical hierarchy process. It discusses key factors for a successful supply chain in the globalized textile industry. The study presents an AHP model that apparel companies can use to select suppliers and develop a supplier relationship management strategy. The model identifies strategic priorities and weights to select suppliers that align with the company's strategy. The outcome and implications of the model for implementation are also discussed.
This document discusses supply chain management. It defines key concepts like distribution channels, supply chain elements, and materials, cash, and information flows. It also discusses the current supply chain concept of viewing all activities from raw materials to final customer as a linked chain. Supply chain types can be efficient or effective. A company's supply chain strategy depends on competitive priorities like cost, quality, flexibility, delivery performance, and innovativeness. Vertical integration and outsourcing are also discussed as strategies for managing a supply chain.
Vskills certified logistics and supply chain management reading materialVskills
The Vskills Certification Logistics and Supply chain management sample material covers the following concepts.
I. Introduction to Logistics
I.1 Interface between Logistics Manufacturing
I.2 Logistics: Manufacturing issues in Customer Service.
I.3 Production scheduling
I.4 Interface between Logistics Marketing
http://www.vskills.in/certification/Logistics-and-Supply-Chain-Management/Certified-Logistics-and-Supply-Chain-Professional
Mr. Shan Senthil - global logistics trends & opportunitieskuwaitsupplychain
1) Global logistics management involves managing worldwide distribution, production, procurement, inventory and other aspects of a corporation's global supply chain.
2) Two critical concepts for effective global logistics are managing global supply chains and just-in-time production and delivery.
3) Logistics trends include companies outsourcing more logistics functions, forming new collaborative supply chain relationships, and increasing use of information technology.
The role of manufacturing operations is the process of beginning a production process to a task of final assem-bly, with increased reliance on a significant number of supply chain participants who have differing objectives, perspectives and processes. However, an effective partnering between companies and their suppliers remains a key to lean supply chain management excel-lence. A lean supply chain offers competitive advantage to the suppliers, therefore the need for the Nigerian mar-ket to embrace the idea of lean based supply chain system. This paper examines the prospects of transforming from the traditional supply chain system to a lean supply chain system in Nigeria. But it is noted that the process could be tasking. It was observed that to succeed in lean supply chain management, organizations must be willing to share risks and rewards, and to build the underlying infrastructure to apply these tools. In this paper it was resounded that the rewards could be in-flaming as various benefits such as a stronger costumer, supplier relationship, increased competitive advantage with velocity of supply etc, applies. It is concluded that, to the Nigerian economy it will be increased cash flow from the costumers and increased market forces.
The document provides definitions and overview of key concepts in supply chain management. It discusses strategic vs operational decisions, functions including procurement, production, distribution, inventory management. It also outlines problems in SCM like distribution network configuration, information sharing, and cash flow management. Common modeling approaches for strategic and tactical decisions are described.
Is supply chain management important to implementAlexander Decker
This document discusses the importance of supply chain management (SCM) in manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia. It begins with an introduction to SCM and its importance as a competitive strategy. It then reviews literature that has examined SCM tools and frameworks, core functions, strategies, and factors that affect SCM implementation. The document aims to study the existing SCM in Saudi Arabian industries, identify problematic areas, and propose performance measurement methods to monitor progress and enhance SCM.
Milestones Navigating Late Childhood to AdolescenceFrom the m.docxjessiehampson
Milestones: Navigating Late Childhood to Adolescence
From the movie, Lila, Eight to Thirteen in this week's materials, identify 2–3 developmental milestones Lila reaches, and assess whether or not you think she successfully navigates her way through them as she prepares for adolescence. Support your assertions with evidence from your text and this week's materials.
.
Migration and RefugeesMany immigrants in the region flee persecu.docxjessiehampson
Migration and Refugees
Many immigrants in the region flee persecution and then return after they are liberated. For example, 700,000 Jews were allowed to leave the former Soviet Union and enter Israel in the 1990s. There has also been a migration of Palestinian people. Discuss the following:
Why do you think that Israel is such an important place for the Jews?
What is the importance of the area to the Palestinians?
What do you think the impact would be on you and your families if you participated in such long-distance migration?
No references needed, need response within 3 hours!
.
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This document summarizes a paper on the relationship between lean production, sustainable development, and global supply chains. It discusses how lean principles aim to reduce costs through quality improvements and waste reduction. Sustainable development focuses on meeting economic, social, and environmental needs. Global supply chain management coordinates activities across suppliers, manufacturing, and distribution. The paper reviews literature at the intersection of these topics and aims to identify synergies between lean production and sustainable principles applied through global supply chains.
This document provides an overview of supply chain management. It defines supply chain management and describes the objectives, importance, functions, advantages, and characteristics. It also discusses the historical evolution of supply chain management from the creation era to more recent developments like globalization, specialization, and supply chain management as a service. Additionally, it covers Porter's value chain model and the primary and support activities. Finally, it outlines the three main decision phases in supply chain management: supply chain strategy, supply chain planning, and supply chain execution.
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This document outlines key concepts regarding supply chain management. It begins by listing 10 learning objectives, including describing the historical background of supply chains, defining supply chain management, analyzing supply chain components, and relating the role of e-business applications. It then provides historical context, discussing how after World War II, logistics capabilities helped countries win wars. It defines supply chain management and lists types of supply chains. It discusses objectives of supply chains and components like information, suppliers, production, and distribution. Finally, it covers implementing supply chains, technical challenges, and the role of e-business in creating dynamic, internet-based supply chains.
This document provides an overview of supply chain management. It defines supply chain management as coordinating the flow of goods and services from suppliers to customers. This includes managing the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods. The document also discusses problems addressed in supply chain management such as distribution network configuration, distribution strategy, inventory management, and information sharing. Finally, it outlines activities at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels of supply chain management.
This document provides an overview of logistics and its evolution. It discusses the basic concepts of logistics, including how it involves the flow of materials, information, and money between suppliers and consumers. Logistics has evolved from focusing on individual workplaces and facilities to encompassing entire corporations and global supply chains. The document also distinguishes logistics from supply chain management, noting that logistics refers to activities that connect and activate objects within a supply chain. Integrated management approaches like collaboration, enterprise extension, and integrated service providers are discussed. Finally, the document contrasts traditional anticipatory business models based on forecasts with emerging response-based models enabled by information sharing.
Unit 2 logistics environment lscm (11 pages)Suzana Vaidya
1) The document discusses logistics and customer service. It emphasizes that customer service should be the central focus of logistics management as satisfying customers is the ultimate goal.
2) Customer expectations are continually increasing while markets are becoming more commodity-based, so customer service can provide a competitive advantage where product differences are small.
3) The success of any business depends on the customer value it provides through quality, service, cost and time - all areas logistics can impact. Customer retention is also crucial to profitability.
Reverse logistics is the process of moving goods back through the supply chain for reuse, recycling, or disposal. It includes returning surplus, damaged, expired, or recalled products from customers back to manufacturers or distributors. Efficient reverse logistics is important for companies to manage returns and meet legal obligations for disposal. Common reverse logistics activities include refurbishing, remanufacturing, recycling, and proper disposal of waste.
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The document discusses pull and push supply chain models. A pull supply chain, also called built-to-order, manufactures products based on specific customer requests to minimize inventory carrying. A push supply chain, also called built-to-stock, manufactures products based on anticipated demand which can lead to higher inventory costs. The document provides examples of industries that typically use each model and their key characteristics.
This document summarizes the evolution of research on closed-loop supply chains over the past 15 years. It describes five phases:
1) A narrow, technically focused approach
2) Recognition of closed-loop supply chains as a distinct research area
3) A focus on operational and technical issues
4) Consideration of closed-loop supply chains from a holistic business perspective
5) The current understanding that sees closed-loop supply chains as a fully recognized sub-field of supply chain management requiring coordination across the entire product lifecycle to maximize value recovery.
1. The document discusses the history and definitions of logistics and supply chain management, noting that while logistics originated as a military term, it now refers to the movement of goods from suppliers to consumers.
2. It describes key aspects of logistics and SCM including inventory planning, transportation, packaging, and warehousing, and explains how information flows are critical to coordinating activities across the supply chain.
3. The role of logistics information systems is to manage data related to logistical activities within and across organizations to improve decision making and customer service.
Optimization of Physical Distribution of Consumer Goods in Nigeria: A Case St...IOSR Journals
The study is aimedat procuring optimalsolutions to challenges faced in the physical distribution system of consumer goods in Nigeria context also the need to minimize cost especially in Physical distribution is inevitable as increased cost of transport and poor transport infrastructure imposes strain on the physical distribution system. The researcher applied network optimization models to develop optimal solutions to real life problems in physical distribution system. Using questionnaires the researcher was able to explain how various service variables influence the service level.The researcher identified trends in warehousing operations, the nature of the relationship between physical flow and distribution cost and how various service variables influenced the service level. Afterwards, he recommended ways to benefit from these opportunitiesand steps to take to cub the impact of its challenges of the physical distribution system.
This document summarizes a study on supply chain management in the textile industry and a supplier selection model using analytical hierarchy process. It discusses key factors for a successful supply chain in the globalized textile industry. The study presents an AHP model that apparel companies can use to select suppliers and develop a supplier relationship management strategy. The model identifies strategic priorities and weights to select suppliers that align with the company's strategy. The outcome and implications of the model for implementation are also discussed.
This document discusses supply chain management. It defines key concepts like distribution channels, supply chain elements, and materials, cash, and information flows. It also discusses the current supply chain concept of viewing all activities from raw materials to final customer as a linked chain. Supply chain types can be efficient or effective. A company's supply chain strategy depends on competitive priorities like cost, quality, flexibility, delivery performance, and innovativeness. Vertical integration and outsourcing are also discussed as strategies for managing a supply chain.
Vskills certified logistics and supply chain management reading materialVskills
The Vskills Certification Logistics and Supply chain management sample material covers the following concepts.
I. Introduction to Logistics
I.1 Interface between Logistics Manufacturing
I.2 Logistics: Manufacturing issues in Customer Service.
I.3 Production scheduling
I.4 Interface between Logistics Marketing
http://www.vskills.in/certification/Logistics-and-Supply-Chain-Management/Certified-Logistics-and-Supply-Chain-Professional
Mr. Shan Senthil - global logistics trends & opportunitieskuwaitsupplychain
1) Global logistics management involves managing worldwide distribution, production, procurement, inventory and other aspects of a corporation's global supply chain.
2) Two critical concepts for effective global logistics are managing global supply chains and just-in-time production and delivery.
3) Logistics trends include companies outsourcing more logistics functions, forming new collaborative supply chain relationships, and increasing use of information technology.
The role of manufacturing operations is the process of beginning a production process to a task of final assem-bly, with increased reliance on a significant number of supply chain participants who have differing objectives, perspectives and processes. However, an effective partnering between companies and their suppliers remains a key to lean supply chain management excel-lence. A lean supply chain offers competitive advantage to the suppliers, therefore the need for the Nigerian mar-ket to embrace the idea of lean based supply chain system. This paper examines the prospects of transforming from the traditional supply chain system to a lean supply chain system in Nigeria. But it is noted that the process could be tasking. It was observed that to succeed in lean supply chain management, organizations must be willing to share risks and rewards, and to build the underlying infrastructure to apply these tools. In this paper it was resounded that the rewards could be in-flaming as various benefits such as a stronger costumer, supplier relationship, increased competitive advantage with velocity of supply etc, applies. It is concluded that, to the Nigerian economy it will be increased cash flow from the costumers and increased market forces.
The document provides definitions and overview of key concepts in supply chain management. It discusses strategic vs operational decisions, functions including procurement, production, distribution, inventory management. It also outlines problems in SCM like distribution network configuration, information sharing, and cash flow management. Common modeling approaches for strategic and tactical decisions are described.
Is supply chain management important to implementAlexander Decker
This document discusses the importance of supply chain management (SCM) in manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia. It begins with an introduction to SCM and its importance as a competitive strategy. It then reviews literature that has examined SCM tools and frameworks, core functions, strategies, and factors that affect SCM implementation. The document aims to study the existing SCM in Saudi Arabian industries, identify problematic areas, and propose performance measurement methods to monitor progress and enhance SCM.
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From the movie, Lila, Eight to Thirteen in this week's materials, identify 2–3 developmental milestones Lila reaches, and assess whether or not you think she successfully navigates her way through them as she prepares for adolescence. Support your assertions with evidence from your text and this week's materials.
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Many immigrants in the region flee persecution and then return after they are liberated. For example, 700,000 Jews were allowed to leave the former Soviet Union and enter Israel in the 1990s. There has also been a migration of Palestinian people. Discuss the following:
Why do you think that Israel is such an important place for the Jews?
What is the importance of the area to the Palestinians?
What do you think the impact would be on you and your families if you participated in such long-distance migration?
No references needed, need response within 3 hours!
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POLS 203
Application of Realism Theory on Civil war in Syria and International Relations
International relation can be best understood through the various schools of thought or
rather theories. They are significant in giving a comprehensive detail of the constructs that make
international relations. Realism theory still remains one of the most influential tools in
understanding events related to international relations. This is because it provides a pragmatic
approach in examining current events in the sphere of international relations (Maghroori, pg. 17).
Realism is divided into three subdivisions, seeking to explain causes of state conflict. This
include classical realism that argues that the conflict comes from the nature of man, neorealist
which associates conflict the elements of the state, and neoclassical realism which associates it to
both human nature and elements of the state. This school of thought is grounded on some
fundamental principles that make the core of its arguments.
The first assumption in realism is the idea that a country, usually referred to as a state,
serves as the main actor in international relations. It acknowledges the fact that there are other
actors like individuals and organizations, which have limited influence (Maghroori 11).
Secondly, the state is considered a unitary player, which is expected to work harmoniously, with
regard to matters of national interest. In addition, realists believe that the people who make
decisions are rational players, since this rationality is required in pursuing the interest of the
nation. In essence, the leaders are believed to understand these assumptions regardless of their
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
But selfish
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
What do you mean by "work harmoniously"
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
It is not clear what this sentence means.
political position, so ensure their sustainability and continuity. Consequently, it is assumed that
states exist in an anarchy context, where there is no single international leader. In this
theorization, the role of nature in influencing human action is not ignored. It asserts that nature
influence people to continue acting in repetitive tendencies. In this assumption, it comes out that
people desire power because of the egoistic nature. The innate selfishness of human beings,
mistrust and their thirst for power explains the unpredicted consequences that can result from
their actions (Maghroori 20). Such human tendencies can explain the unending wars among
nations. Bearing the fact that nations are governed by human beings, their nature contributes
largely to their behavioral tendencies, which in turn influence its security.
Realist therefore assume that leaders have the responsibility to promote the security of
their country in all fronts. This can be realized through consta.
Miller, 1 Sarah Miller Professor Kristen Johnson C.docxjessiehampson
Miller, 1
Sarah Miller
Professor Kristen Johnson
CHID 230
2 April 2019
The Myth of Disability as Isolating in Tim Burton’s Edward Scissorhands
Jay Timothy Dolmage discusses the common disability myths that condition our
understanding of disability in his work Disability Rhetoric. He argues that these myths create the
perception that disabled people are “others”, through the portrayal of them as lesser, surplus, or
improper (Dolmage, 31). One of the myths that Dolmage examines is disability as isolating or
individualizing, which is perpetrated through narratives of disabled people living in isolation,
rarely having romantic relationships or friendships, and often being left alone at the end
(Dolmage, 43). This myth can be seen in the film Edward Scissorhands, directed by Tim Burton.
Edward is a human being created by an inventor, yet the inventor’s death before his completion
leaves him with scissor blades for hands. Edward lives in a gothic mansion atop a hill,
completely in isolation until local Avon saleswoman Peg Boggs visits. She is initially frightened
by his appearance, yet decides to take him home with her upon the realization that he is
harmless. Edward’s disability causes his transition into society to be largely unsuccessful, as he
is objectified and used by other people for their benefit, and at the end of the film he is forced to
return to living in isolation after their perception of him turns to one of fear and scorn.
Edward’s isolation from society is symbolically portrayed through many film design
techniques. The mansion in which he lives at the beginning and the end of the film starkly
contrasts the community in which the able-bodied society lives. The mansion is gothic, dark, and
partially in ruins, whereas the rest of the houses are brightly colored in pinks, yellows, and
Miller, 2
greens, all with perfectly manicured green lawns. His appearance also separates him from the
rest of society, as he has very pale skin, dark under-eyes, black untamed hair, and wears gothic
industrial clothes. The able-bodied individuals often wear colorful or light clothes and appear
quite “ordinary”. The contrast created between Edward and society through set, clothing,
makeup, and hair design work to portray Edward and his disability as unusual, creepy, and
“other”. Peg even attempts to “normalize” his appearance by giving him different clothes to wear
and attempting to cover his scars with makeup, in the hopes that it will ease his transition into the
community. This film phenomenon is discussed by Martin F. Norden in his book The Cinema of
Isolation: A History of Physical Disabilities in the Movies. He argues that filmmakers will
separate disabled characters from their able-bodied peers not only through the storyline, but also
through a number of design elements. He also states that this technique allows filmmakers to
reflect an able-bodied point of view and reduce d.
Migrating to the Cloud Please respond to the following1. .docxjessiehampson
"Migrating to the Cloud" Please respond to the following:
1. Imagine that you are a CIO and you have been tasked to examine the process of moving from one host server or storage location to another. Predict two foreseen challenges of migrating an application to the cloud in a live migration and high- availability setting. Propose a preventative measure or a solution for each of these challenges.
2. Imagine that you are the CIO for a midsized organization in this industry. Determine, in 10 or less steps, the timeline for a live migration to the cloud in your organization. Determine the three greatest risks in this deployment.
.
Mike, Ana, Tiffany, Josh and Annie are heading to the store to get.docxjessiehampson
Mike, Ana, Tiffany, Josh and Annie are heading to the store to get some snacks. Mike has $1, Ana has $2, Tiffany has $3, Josh has $4, and Annie has $5.
What's the average (mean) amount of cash the five kids have? What's the median? A few days later, Annie's family won the lottery, and the kids go together to the store to get some snacks again. This time Mike has $1, Ana has $2, Tiffany has $3, Josh has $4, and Annie has wad of cash totaling $5,000.
What's the average (mean) amount of cash the five kids have this time? What's the median?
From part a, how have the mean and the median changed?
Which one - the mean or the median - is a better reflection of how much money they have together? Take you time before answering.
.
Michelle Wrote; There are several different reasons why an inter.docxjessiehampson
Michelle Wrote;
There are several different reasons why an intervention fails, such as the wrong intervention being selected or trying to solve the wrong problem. It is important that when performing and intervention that every thing have been severely observed and taken into consideration. I worked with an organization that was a travel agency, and they operated off of the commission that was collected from the booking that are processed, but they also provided a discount to the members that was taken out of the commission total. The issue was that when they initially opened the department there was no budget plan done and no guidelines were given, the agents were told to use discretion, and all though the department was a huge success in booking reservations they were still failing, because they were not withholding enough commission for the organization to operate under. Where the intervention process failed is that they never had formal training, which would have been a focus group to define the exact percentage to give to customer and the amount the organization needed to cover their overhead. During the meeting process there should have been definite guidelines to lead employees and managers from the accounting department so that the employees did not need to play the guessing game. Although they had the meeting nothing changed, because the problem was not solved with the employees and managers and was not addressed by the accounting department. The business is now in danger of folding because of the poor communication practices.
William Wrote:
Although what I am going to talk about is not my workplace but the place that I volunteer my time to sit on the board of directors for a non profit agency. As a board member we oversee the agency as a whole but we also break down into small committee groups to address needs as they arise. One of the committees that I am on is the planning committee. A change that was implemented by administration, program staff, and the board was all departments would start entering all their own data. At the time the agency had two data entry personal that was entering all agency data. So the change we made was that instead of hiring another data entry person we would require all programs to enter their own data into the collection software. This ended up being a failure that could have been huge had we not pulled reports the first two quarters of the year. What we found was some programs were right on target with getting their information entered with the first quarter. The Executive Director addressed this with staff. When the second quarter reports were pulled the data did not get any better. As an agency this failed due to program staff just did not have the appropriate time to take on more data entry. The agency ended up where we should have to start off, hiring another data entry staff member. I will say with this failure it actually turned into a very positive experience over all.
.
Midterm Lad Report 7
Midterm Lab Report
Introduction
Cellular respiration refers to all the metabolic processes and chemical reactions that take place in living organisms, particularly at the cellular level. These processes focus on the extraction of energy from nutrients. It is also responsible for converting the biochemical energy into 'adenosine triphosphate' (ATP) by the breakdown of sugars in the cells (Bennet 58). Cellular respiration is also responsible for the process by which cells release chemical energy required for conducting cellular activities. The reactions and processes facilitate the release of waste products from the cells. This experiment seeks to conduct a study of the processes and reactions involved during cellular respiration. The experiment will include several activities, such as having a study on the amount of Carbon dioxide produced during the experiment.
The number of levels of the growth of a yeast medium as a dependent variable will also be monitored during the experiment. There are other several independent variables associated with the experiment. These independent variables include sugar and temperature, among others, and their role in the experiment were also monitored. The experiment design involved the use of airtight balloons capped over reaction chambers that were used to collect the Carbon dioxide produced during the experiment. The reaction chambers contained sugars and yeast medium, which facilitated the reactions. Thermometers and pH scale were used to monitor the changes in temperature and acidity levels during the experiment. The paper involves a lab design that institute steps such as arranging the bottles used on the experiment. Notably, a proper arrangement to make sure that all the carbon dioxide released during the respiration process is well tapped in the bottles for correct lab results
Methodology
The actual procedure for experimenting involved taking measurements and recording of all observations made during the experiment. For accurate results, measures were taken three times, and a mean measurement was calculated and recorded. Winzler asserts that the mean obtained from the measurements should be used to calculate the standard deviation, which in turn facilitated the calculation of uncertainty (276). Below are the steps for conducting the experiment. It is essential to read the instructions carefully safety and accuracy during the experiment. Notably, all the lab and experiment results were well observed and thus making sure that there are limited errors in the whole process.
Consequently, all the steps required in the lab report were also clearly followed to help in getting the correct data and even not to affect the whole experiment process. The experiment involved setting the apparatus as per the set standard and the requirement. As per this concept, all the apparatus were set in a proper way to avoid vague results. Notably, to get the correct measurement and results, it is import.
MicroEssay Identify a behavioral tendency that you believe.docxjessiehampson
MicroEssay
Identify a behavioral tendency that you believe you have inherited (one that is determined, at least in part, by your genetic make-up). Explain the ways you think this trait has been affected by your environment by applying the different types of gene x environment correlations to your example (passive, evocative, and active)? What does this suggest about the nature-nurture debate?
.
MILNETVisionMILNETs vision is to leverage the diverse mili.docxjessiehampson
MILNET
Vision
MILNETs vision is to leverage the diverse military experience of Crawford employees to create awareness opportunities that help forester an appreciation, understand, and respect for the military culture and members we serve
Benefits
· Know our Members
· Support recruiting and retention
· Facilitate transition from military to Crawford
· Centralized source to connect with peer veterans
· Provide Member Experience, Marketing, and other Crawford initiatives and expert knowledge base.
MILNET Leadership Team (Volunteer position)
· Event & Volunteer Lead- Plan and execute mandatory enterprise events
· Technology Lead- Maintain MILNET budget throughout the year and reports overview or expenses monthly
· MILNET Spouse Lead- Ensures connect of sites are up to date/accurate, to include Veteran/Military Spouse Registration
· Secretary-Manages relationships by identifying opportunism for partnership
· Communications/Marketing Lead- Communicates to the MILNET community regularly via multiple channels (Email, Internal Social) regarding upcoming events, announcement, and other communications.
Background
Grandfather Air force
Parents- Army
Myself- Army
Spouse Army
Skills
Knowledgeable
Passionate
Qualified
Education
-Associates Accounting
-Bachelor’s in business and HR
-MRA w/ HR concentration
1 – Paragraph for each question (Professional answers)
Question 1- What is your visions of MILNET?
Question 2-How would your selection impact the Leadership Team?
.
midtermAnswer all question with proper number atleast 1 and half.docxjessiehampson
midterm
Answer all question with proper number atleast 1 and half page
APA FORMAT SIZE 12
1. Why is culture important to political scientists?
2. How is political science an interdisciplinary major?
3. How can politics be treated as a science?
4. Describe how modern liberalism differs from classical liberalism and explain how modern conservatism related to classical liberalism?
5. Explain how nationalism can be dangerous to a nation. Use both theoretical ideas and concrete examples to support your claims
6.
Evaluate the "end of ideology" argument by considering the facts that fit and contradict this view on today's world
7. What are the means by which power is institutionalized? What makes for good institutions? Provide examples from the United States and one other country
8. Identify the purposes of constitutions and explain why they are necessary
9. Describe how the principle of separation of powers is manifested in the U.S. Constitution and explain how this principle has evolved over time in the United States.
10. Bonus Question: What are the 10 Bill of Rights
.
Midterm QuestionIs the movement towards human security a true .docxjessiehampson
Midterm Question
Is the movement towards human security a true paradigm shift? In answering this question make sure to consider which of the authors whom you have read in Weeks one to four of the course support your view and which do not. *The sole use of attached readings is required for the midterm*
Midterm Assignment – Instructions (Read Carefully)
In university courses, assignments (or assessments) are meant to give students the opportunity to demonstrate what they have been learning in the course – and give instructors evidence that such learning is occurring within the classroom. Because of these objectives, it is imperative to incorporate the specifics of what you’ve been studying in the course into your writing assignments. You accomplish this by answering the Midterm question in the assessment via the course objectives and readings from the course. The midterm will cover the following objectives:
1. Describe the role of rapid globalization in changing perceptions of security
2. Identify key threats to human security (food security, personal security, environmental security)
3. Apply the concepts of human security
4. Compare and contrast traditional international relations approaches to security with the doctrine of human security.
Additional Instructions
To answer the Midterm question you will write an analytical essay. The analytical essay is a practical approach to solving a problem. So think of this essay question as you would an assignment from your boss: “I need you to take a look at this problem and solve it for me using things from your IR toolkit (what you have learned, or know). Present a well-written, concise answer to me in four pages. I need it by tomorrow morning.” This is how it happens in the real world, and this is what we want to prepare you to do. To achieve this structure of the essay please keep the following tips in mind:
1. Remember that the analytical essay is highly-structured. Each paragraph should look like the others in terms of style and substance. Writing to the limit of four pages is an art and something you need to learn to do. So, don’t write fewer than four pages and don’t write more. You may need to write over just a little and then edit away the extra parts of the essay to reach the concise four pages.
2. Review your submission and make sure that you have covered the requirements of the assignment using only material from the lessons and readings.
Format for the Essay:
1. Do not use a cover page. Instead, create a header with your name, assignment name, and date. To do this in Word, go to “insert” and then “header.” Do the same thing to insert a ‘footer’ and include page numbers. If you need help, use the ‘help’ function to learn more within Word.
2. Your submission should be four pages (no more, no less) and look like this:
a. Introduction: Introduce your topic & include a thesis. To help you set up your analytical essay include three reasons why you agree or disagree with the midterm quest.
MGT/526 v1
Wk 2 – Apply: Organizational Analysis
MGT/526 v1
Page 2 of 2
Wk 2 – Apply: Organizational AnalysisInstructions
Complete the worksheet based on your chosen organization. Use Business Source Complete and your selected company’s website, annual report, and other available sources. Part 1: Organization Information
Organization
Define your chosen company and its industry.
Mission and Vision
Identify the mission and vision of the organization.
Mission
Vision
Organizational Initiatives
Outline 1-2 major initiative for this organization. What are they currently doing to support these initiatives?
Organizational Plans
Describe the plans employed by the organization. Determine which types of managers create each type of plan.
Type of Plan
Description
Type of Manager
SWOT Analysis
There are various factors within the external environment of an organization that impacts its strategy.
Analyze the organization’s SWOT analysis. Identify the internal and external factors. Include a link to the SWOT analysis in the Reference section of this worksheet.
Internal Factors
External Factors
Part 2: Evaluation
Evaluate if the mission, vision, planning process, and SWOT analysis meets the current needs of the organization. Include the following in your evaluation:
· Describe the unmet need, (not limited to product or service, can be new demographic, new mode of delivery, etc.).
· Analyze your competitive advantages.
· Based upon the SWOT analysis, is there another business that is doing something similar that can be referred to? Provide examples.
· If there is not another business, describe how what you’re doing is a unique product or service offering.
· Propose a competitive business initiative to address the unmet need.
· Create a high-level timeline and operational steps necessary to implement your solution. References
Include a link to theSWOT analysis.
Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
COUN 6785: Social Change in Action:
Prevention, Consultation, and Advocacy
Social Change Portfolio
M. Negrón
Contents
Introduction
Scope and Consequences
Social-ecological Model
Theories of Prevention
Diversity and Ethical Considerations
Advocacy
INTRODUCTIONAdressing Teen Pregnancy in Pittsburg, California
In more recent years, there has been an effort in my community to address teen pregnancy due to its growing rates. Over the years teen pregnancy rates have continued to rise in Contra Costa County as well as surrounding counties. Unfortanately, the town I come from is a small town within Contra Costa County so resources are limited. In order to address teen pregnancy there needs to be easier access to resources to prevent teen pregnancy from occurring. Teen pregnancy can lead to a number of different problems such as low socioeconomic status, greater chance of contracting a sexually transmitted infec.
Microsoft Word Editing Version 1.0Software Requirement Speci.docxjessiehampson
This document provides a software requirements specification for Microsoft Word 2016. It includes an introduction, purpose, scope, definitions, and overview. Use cases are defined for signing in, opening, creating new files, saving, saving as, exporting, printing, and changing fonts. Requirements cover performance, usability, supportability, configurability, and recoverability. The 8 use cases are then described in more detail with normal and alternate flows and screenshots.
Microsoft Windows implements access controls by allowing organiz.docxjessiehampson
Microsoft Windows implements access controls by allowing organizations to define users, groups, and object DACLs that support their environment. Organizations define the rules, and Windows enables those rules to be enforced.
Answer the following question(s):
Do you think access controls are implemented differently in a government agency versus a typical information technology company? Why or why not?
2. Do you think access controls differ among private industries, such as retail, banking, and manufacturing? Why or why not?
.
MGT520
Critical Thinking Writing Rubric - Module 10
Exceeds
Expectation
Meets Expectation Below Expectation Limited Evidence
Content, Research, and Analysis
21-25 Points 16-20 Points 11-15 Points 6-10 Points
Requirements Exceeds
Expectation -
Includes all of the
required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
Meets Expectation-
Includes most of
the required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
Below Expectation-
Includes some of
the required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
Limited Evidence -
Includes few of the
required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
21-25 Points 16-20 Points 11-15 Points 6-10 Points
Content Exceeds
Expectation -
Demonstrates
substantial and
extensive
knowledge of the
materials, with no
errors or major
omissions.
Meets Expectation-
Demonstrates
adequate
knowledge of the
materials; may
include some
minor errors or
omissions.
Below Expectation-
Demonstrates fair
knowledge of the
materials and/or
includes some
major errors or
omissions.
Limited Evidence -
Fails to
demonstrate
knowledge of the
materials and/or
includes many
major errors or
omissions.
25-30 Points 19-24 Points 13-18 Points 7-12 Points
Analysis Exceeds
Expectation -
Provides strong
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
Meets Expectation-
Provides adequate
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
Below Expectation-
Provides poor
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
Limited Evidence -
Provides little or no
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
13-15 Points 10-12 Points 7-9 Points 4-6 Points
Sources Exceeds
Expectation -
Sources go above
and beyond
required criteria,
and are well
chosen to provide
effective
substance and
perspectives on
the issue under
examination.
Meets Expectation-
Sources meet
required criteria
and are adequately
chosen to provide
substance and
perspectives on the
issue under
examination.
Below Expectation-
Sources meet
required criteria,
but are poorly
chosen to provide
substance and
perspectives on the
issue under
examination.
Limited Evidence -
Source selection
and integration of
knowledge from
the course is
clearly deficient.
Mechanics and Writing
5 Points 4 Points 3 Points 1-2 Points
Demonstrates Exceeds Meets Expectation- Below Expectation- Limited Evidence -
MGT520
Critical Thinking Writing Rubric - Module 10
college-level
proficiency in
organization,
grammar and
style.
Expectation -
Project is clearly
organized, well
written, and in
proper format as
outlined in the
assignment. Strong
sentence and
paragraph
structure; contains
no errors in
grammar, spelling,
APA style, or APA
citations and
references..
Midterm PaperThe Midterm Paper is worth 100 points. It will .docxjessiehampson
Midterm Paper
The Midterm Paper is worth 100 points. It will consist of a 500 word written description and analysis of a work of art using terminology from Chapters 2-5.
For this assignment, you are to discuss the form, content, and subject matter of a work of art chosen from the list provided. This is an exercise in recognizing visual elements and principles of design in works of art and demonstrating an understanding of how they relate to each other to create meaning. This paper is about looking and seeing. This is not a research paper; you will not need to do additional research. Please follow the outline provided below.
First: Select a work of art
Select one of the following listed works of art:
Circle of Diego Quispe Tito.
The Virgin of Carmel Saving Souls in Purgatory
. Late 17th century. Fig. 1.22, pg. 17.
Henri Matisse.
Large Reclining Nude
. 1935. Fig. 4.24, pg. 85.
Faith Ringgold.
Tar Beach
. 1988. Fig. 13.18, pg. 219.
Henry Ossawa Tanner.
The Banjo Lesson
. 1893. Fig. 21.15, pg. 373
Andy Warhol.
Marilyn Diptych
. 1962. Fig. 24.23, pg. 447.
Format
Describe the use of each visual element and principle of design in the order they are listed in the outline. You can simply list each term and address how it is used in the painting. If you write in paragraph form be sure to identify each term clearly. Any term not addressed will receive 0 points. Provide specific examples. For example, don’t just say “there are lines,” give specific examples of how line is used in the piece you’ve selected.
Papers should be 500 words minimum (not including images), double-spaced, 10 or 12 point, with 1" margins. The preferred format is Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx). If these formats are not available, other acceptable formats are ASCII (.txt), rich text format (.rtf), Open Office (.odt), and PDF. Make sure you proofread your papers for incorrect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other errors.
The Midterm Paper is due at 11:59 pm CT Sunday of Week 4.
Midterm Paper Outline
Introduction (First Paragraph)
In the first paragraph, called the introduction, you will include:
An identification of the work of art you selected: The name of the artist, title (which is underlined or italicized every time you use the title in your paper), date, and medium.
Your initial interpretation of the subject based on your initial observations.
Description
Describe how each of the following is used in the piece you selected.
Visual Elements
:
Line: what types of lines do you see in the piece? Provide examples.
Shape: what types of shapes do you see? Provide examples.
Mass: How is mass implied?
Space: How is the illusion of space created in the piece?
Time and Motion: Are time and motion evident in tis piece? How so?
Light: How is light used here?
Color: How does the artist use color?
Texture: How does the artist create the illusion of texture, or incorporate actual texture
Principles of Design
Unity and Variety: In what way is this pi.
Miami Florida is considered ground zero for climate change, in parti.docxjessiehampson
Miami Florida is considered ground zero for climate change, in particular rising seas will not only drown coastal sections of the city but will disrupt our local supply of drinking water.
Based on what you have learned so far from this class, discuss the following:
Explain where the drinking water from South Florida primarily comes from and why would rising sea levels disrupt this supply?
What efforts can be made and are being made to mitigate the effects of rising seas on our drinking water?
If you were a local politician, what advice would you give to state and federal officials on the best way to ensure residents in South Florida had a steady supply of drinking water for many years to come?
.
MGT230 v6Nordstrom Case Study AnalysisMGT230 v6Page 2 of 2.docxjessiehampson
MGT/230 v6
Nordstrom Case Study Analysis
MGT/230 v6
Page 2 of 2
Nordstrom Case Study Analysis
Nordstrom—“High Touch” with “High Tech”
How does Nordstrom stay profitable despite dips in consumer spending, changing fashion trends, and intense competition among retailers? One answer: Acute attention to detail and well-laid plans.
All in the Family
The fourth generation of family members that runs Nordstrom has brought the store’s time-honored and successful retail practices into a new era. “Nordstrom, it seems, is that rarity in American business: an enterprise run by a founding family that hasn’t wrecked it,” says one business writer. The company provides a quality customer experience via personalized service, a compelling merchandise offering, a pleasant shopping environment, and increasingly better management of its inventory.
Secret of Success
The secret of this company’s success lies in its strategic planning efforts and the ability of its management team to set broad, comprehensive, and longer-term action directions, all of which are focused on the customer experience. The current generation of Nordstrom family members was quick to spearhead an ultramodern multimillion-dollar, Web-based inventory management system. This upgrade helped the company meet two key goals: (1) correlate purchasing with demand to keep inventory as lean as possible, and (2) give customers and sales associates a comprehensive view of Nordstrom’s entire inventory, including every store and warehouse.
Demand Planning
Instead of relying on one-day sales, coupon blitzes, or marking down entire lines of product, Nordstrom discounts only certain items. “Markdown optimization” software assists in planning more profitable sale prices. According to retail analyst, Patricia Edwards, this helps Nordstrom calculate what will sell better at different discounts and forecast which single items should be marked down. If a style is no longer in demand, the company can ship it off to its Nordstrom Rack outlet stores. It’s all part of Nordstrom’s long-term investment in efficiency. “If we can identify what is not performing and move it out to bring in fresh merchandise,” says Pete Nordstrom, “that’s a decision we want to make.”
Inventory Planning
Although inventory naturally fluctuates, Nordstrom associates can easily locate any item in another store or verify when it will return to stock. Customers on their smart phones and associates behind sales counters see the same thing—the entire inventory of Nordstrom’s stores is presented as one selection, which the company refers to as perpetual inventory. “Customer service is not just a friendly, helpful, knowledgeable salesperson helping you buy something,” says Robert Spector, retail expert and author of The Nordstrom Way. “Part of customer service is having the right item at the right size at the right price at the right time. And that’s something perpetual inventory will help with.”
The upgraded inventory management system was an .
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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Volume 5 (19) Issue 2 2014 21 New Approaches to S.docx
1. Volume 5 (19) Issue 2 2014
21
New Approaches to Supply Chain Management Concept.
Logistics Integration of "Hub and Spoke" Model
Gheorghe MINCULETE
Polixenia OLAR
“Carol I” National Defense University, Romania
[email protected]
Abstract
In the current modern trade, the integration of economic affairs
from design to
completion is an important priority, which determines all
economic options of companies
to focus on satisfying the needs of consumers and users to their
loyalty.
A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or
indirectly, in fulfilling a
customer’s request. The supply chain not only includes the
manufacturer and suppliers,
but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers
themselves.
2. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply
chain includes all
functions involved in receiving and filling a customer’s request.
These functions include,
but are not limited to, new product development, marketing,
operations, distribution,
finance, and customer service.
This article stresses the essential aspects of supply chain
management in modern
economics affairs, which are integrating under the functional
aspect of the "hub and
spoke" model.
Keywords: supply chain management, hub and spoke model, hub
and spoke
system, hub and spoke network, e-commerce
JEL Classification: L11, L22
1. Introduction
The management of the supply-delivery chain aims to intensify
the processes that
take place from the level of the suppliers of raw materials to
that of the end customers. The
aim is to increase the added value and to improve the use of
resources and the efficiency of
costs by bringing the required product at the indicated time and
place with minimum
manipulations and without delays.
3. A supply chain means a flow of goods, services, money and
information through
different situations (Tan, 2001). These units are legally
independent companies, factories
or offices far from each other, geographically speaking, or
organizational entities that have
the autonomy to take decisions regarding the information
systems.
The concept of management of the supply-delivery chain is
closely connected to
Michael Porter's idea (1985), which expresses it as a chain of
values based on the
processual vision on organizations. According to this idea, an
organization can be seen as a
Valahian Journal of Economic Studies
22
subsystem composed of sub-systems, each of them with inputs,
transformation
(conversion) processes and outputs.
Having in mind the logistic field, the management of the
supply-delivery chain is
very important, because it covers the aspects that study the
flows of materials and
information, the acquisitions and sales from an operative point
of view, such as the
transports, orders and packing, but also aspects of a strategic
nature, such as the
competition. Although there is a large number of definitions on
4. the management of the
supply chain, this concept is more comprehensive than the
concept of logistics. Thus, the
management of the supply-delivery chain emphasizes in essence
the mechanism of
planning and control of the various economic flows from the
suppliers of raw materials to
the end customers (Nurmilaakso, 2003).
More concretely, the concept of management of the supply-
delivery chain is
problematic because the supply corresponding to the demand
implies specific managerial
operations such as inventories or checks of the supply and
delivery of goods and services.
Comparatively speaking, the management of the demand chain
reflects operations like
orders or customer care. Thus, in these circumstances the
management of operations is not
independent of the general economic situation. During times of
recession, the management
of the demand is often used due to more intense competition.
From another view point, low
competition leads in times of economic boom to a management
specific to the demand. It
results that the management of the supply-delivery chain can be
associated both to the
concept of management adequate to the supply and also to the
one specific to the demand.
Experts think that the especially important role of the
management of the supply-
demand chain is emphasized by the arguments presented below.
Internationalization of companies: globalization brought us to
the situation where
5. the companies, even the medium sized ones, have branches in
many countries. Because
operations are carried out over an extended geographical area,
emerging needs require for
the rationalization of storage spaces and transports.
Complex products: products have become complex and a single
company does not
own the necessary resources to achieve them. Because the
development of resources from
zero requires time and efforts, it could be an option to use the
existing resources of other
companies. Although a product is not complex, it often needs
adjustment.
Changes in the conditions of the market: the rapid technological
development had
as a result the shortening of production cycles. Because
opportunities to make profit come
and go very quickly, the market is rapidly flooded and new
products have to be brought on
the market frequently. For this reason, the needs and abilities of
various commercial
partners must be rapidly identified. In these circumstances, the
management of the supply-
delivery chain has an impact at least on the following essential
objectives:
• the response time is the time lapsed from the moment when
the customer places
the order until the moment when he receives it. Because a short
response time increases the
degree of satisfaction of the customer, this objective increases
competitiveness;
• the level of stockpiles has an important effect on profitability
6. because a small
stockpile reduces costs. It also reduces the risk of products
ending their shelf time.
• the total time is the sum between the time of conversion of
raw materials into
end products and the waiting time. In principle, competitiveness
and profitability should
not exclude one another. In practice, the growths of safety
stockpiles may reduce the
response time. Similarly, a longer response time leads to
reduced stockpiles. Because a
shorter total time produces more rapid reactions, this opens the
way toward the
improvement both of competitiveness and profitability.
Volume 5 (19) Issue 2 2014
23
The capacity to capitalize on / use the own production potential
plays an important
role. On the one hand, under usage erodes both competitiveness
and also profitability
because slow employees and obsolete equipment generate costs
and not income. It is
possible that these costs be balanced with the income, but the
adjustment of capacities /
potential may be costly in its turn. On the other hand, over
usage rapidly erodes capacities.
Although profitable on a short term, the deterioration of
capacities can be very costly on a
long term. In order to improve the use of capacities, the
7. company must be capable of
selling its own capacity when this thing is possible and of
buying capacity when it is
necessary (Nurmilaakso, 2003).
Specialty studies revealed the level of logistical costs between
10 and 35% of the
gross income of companies. Out of these logistic costs, 60% are
destined to the
transportation of goods. A study conducted by the consultancy
form PRTM considers the
companies with the best practices in moving products within the
market as the
organizations that enjoy an advantage of 45% from the point of
view of the costs of the
supply-delivery chain in comparison with the average of the
competition (Abdinnour,
1999).
2. Functional aspects specific to the management of the supply-
delivery chain
In the conditions of a complex and ever more dynamic modern
market, the
necessity arises to immediately identify and satisfy the
requirements of current and
potential consumers by using simple commercial systems (the
"point to point" model) or
within a network (the model of the supply-delivery chain),
which will allow efficiency and
profitability on a medium and long term.
If a solution of the point to point type is specific to a certain
commercial partner,
8. the implementation costs can be very high. In this case, a
profitable solution requires a
long term relationship and a high volume of transactions. Figure
1 presents the commercial
relationship between supplier and customers, which later
requires the integration in the
supply-delivery chain, according to the domain of reference and
specificity of the business.
Figure 1.
The “point to point” commercial model (supplier-consumers)
(Source:
http://www.ipsera.com/assets/documents/ancarani_cp.pdf)
Because the commercial model previously presented is limited
from the point of
view of the engaged resources (human, material, informational)
for the capitalization of the
business potential of a company, the economic practice
recommends as being extremely
Valahian Journal of Economic Studies
24
efficient to integrate the producing, supplying and service
providing companies in supply-
9. delivery chains that are adequate to their field of activity.
In order to produce / provide the goods / services required by
the market,
companies need to integrate themselves in supply-delivery
chains. Thus, they
economically relate with "upriver" partners that is with
suppliers of raw materials and
providers of specialized services, as well as with "downriver"
partners, meaning firms
specialized in transport and distribution to customers
(consumers and end users)(Kotler &
Keller, 2008).
According to the economic theory and practice, for an adequate
functioning of a
supply-delivery chain, it must have, within its structure, the
following types of firms and
beneficiaries: suppliers; producers; storehouses/silos;
transporters; distributors
(wholesalers and retailers);* consumers/end users. At the same
time, within any supply-
delivery chain a number of complex managerial processes take
place, such as: the
management of materials, the management of acquisitions; the
management of demands;
the management of storehouses, the management of transport,
the management of
distribution of materials etc. Figure 2 emphasizes the structures
and relationships within a
full supply-delivery chain.
Figure 2.
The Model of a full supply-delivery chain
10. (Source: www.contabilizat.ro)
Within a supply-delivery chain specific processes of integration
of the structures
composing it take place. Thus, the integration can be internal or
external and it requires a
lot of communication.
The internal integration occurs within an organizational
component. It refers to
the integration of the applications from the various sales
software and the systems of the
individual users. Experts suggest five approaches internal
integration. These are oriented
toward data, toward the interface of the application, toward the
method, toward the portal
and solutions oriented toward the process of integration
(Goldfarb & Prescod, 2002).
Volume 5 (19) Issue 2 2014
25
The external integration occurs between organizational
components. These are
components within the same company or they belong to
different companies. The external
integration includes the exchange of information with customers
and suppliers at the same
time, as well as activities carried out through intermediaries. In
11. the traditional trade, each
customer and each supplier can be automatized at an internal
level, by connecting the
systems using manual processes such as the mail, fax or
telephone. Through the web page
of the shop, the customer can see the supplier's catalogue of
goods and services and can
place orders directly in the system. Nothing is necessarily
automatized in what the
customer is concerned. In the case of an electronic commerce
portal, the customers enter
the portal in order to see the supplier's catalogue and to place
orders. The suppliers enter
the same website in order to see the orders and to honour them.
Within the electronic
integrated commerce, the systems of the various companies
exchange information directly,
which eliminates the manual processes (Goldfarb & Prescod,
2002).
In order to adequately correlate, relate and coordinate the firms
integrated in a
supply-delivery chain, an adequate management is applied,
which ensures a precise
distribution of resources and an exact synchronization of
activities within a specific
mechanism of functioning. In the best-case scenario, the
management of the supply-
delivery chain ensures a smooth specific functioning which
reduces the response time, the
total time, the level of the stockpiles and it improves the
capacity of usage. In the worst
case scenario, its failure leads to the redistribution of rewards
and risks, which is costly and
does not create added value.
12. The model of reference of the specific operations within the
supply-delivery chain
(according to the requirements of the Council of the Supply-
Delivery Chain) emphasizes a
description of the specific processes, which are the planning of
business, supply,
production, delivery, as follows:
• The plan: the planning of the demand/supply;
• The source: supply/acquisition of materials, the management
of the supply
infrastructure;
• The production: achievement/execution of the production, the
management of
the production infrastructure;
• The delivery: the management of orders, the management of
stockpiles, the
management of transports and installations, the management of
delivery infrastructure
(Nurmilaakso, 2003).
This model requires that participants in the creation and
functioning of the supply-
delivery chain achieve a continuous exchange of information.
If we have in mind the supply sources (suppliers) necessary to a
company that
produces the products required by the various markets, we must
have in mind the specific
relationships within the supply-delivery chain related to the
procurement of raw materials
required by the production process of that company. Thus,
within this functional
13. mechanism, the suppliers within the supply-delivery chain get
involved in the management
of the stockpiles of the producing company, with which they
have normal and legal
business relations, by using the stockpile managed by the
supplier system (Kotler & Jain &
Maesincee, 2009). To this end, the producing company
transmits to the mentioned
suppliers information with regard to the planned demand, the
current situation of its
stockpiles, other logistical elements etc. The information
obtained allows suppliers to
intervene at the right moment to complete the stockpiles. Acting
in this manner brings
about the positive economic effects expected within the
producing company, which make
reference to the reduction of the length of the projected
production cycle, of the number of
Valahian Journal of Economic Studies
26
personnel employed, as well as the level of the total costs. At
the same time, it increases
the precision within the supply-delivery chain regarding the
materialization of the
economic flows: inputs - conversion - outputs - distribution -
full satisfaction of the
requirements of the consumers / users (Kotler & Jain &
Maesincee, 2009).
According to the statements of the experts, there are four major
14. decisions that need
to be taken by the managers involved in the functioning of a
supply-delivery chain: the
way in which orders are processed (managed); the positioning
and management of
stockpiles; the delivery (transport) of the goods to customers
(Kotler & Jain & Maesincee,
2009).
The company cooperates with its customers and suppliers, who
in their turn are in
competition with each other. Figure 3 illustrates the fact that a
company can have several
branches and can be involved in several supply chains at the
same time. Similarly, these
customers and suppliers can cooperate with the competitors of
the company. There is an
equilibrium between competition and cooperation. Because
management refers to decision
making, which requires information, the management of the
supply chain requires
integration, which requires an exchange of information between
participants. For this
reason, the basic challenges have their origins in the difficulties
to achieve an equilibrium
between competition and cooperation between the participants
in the supply-delivery
chains.
Figure 3.
Competition and cooperation within the network type supply-
delivery chain
15. (Source: Nurmilaakso, 2003)
Figure 3 emphasizes a functional mechanism in the supply-
delivery chain, which
reveals both its internal and its external side within the
relational mechanism of the
network. The mentioned participants are not only different units
within the same company,
because they often belong to different companies. The first case
is linked to an internal
supply-delivery chain, because a participant has authority over
the others. The second case
is linked to an external supply-delivery chain, because all
participants have autonomy. This
latter case is more difficult than the former from several points
of view. According to
experts, because the functionality of a supply-delivery chain is
based rather on
Volume 5 (19) Issue 2 2014
27
cooperation, competition is not necessary between the
participating companies, but
between supply-delivery chains. However, the supply-delivery
chains are not isolated, but
they often form a supply network.
3. The integration of a "hub and spokes" model in the
16. management
of the supply-delivery chain
Companies that seek to expand their business but to preserve
their advantage in
relation to their competitors must overcome the discrepancies
that might appear between
the various components. In this context, the "hub and spokes"
model facilitates a smooth
integration of the processes, ensures a good hierarchy and
reduces the operational and
maintenance costs.
Within the "hub and spokes" model, all deliveries go through a
central distribution
hub, often strategically located. The resulting map looks like a
bunch of spokes with a hub
in the centre.
The hub is, almost literally, in the centre of attention. If the hub
is too far from the
geographical centre, the time and cost of distribution are
negatively affected. If the hub is
too far from the airport, port or railway station, this will lead to
an increase of the
operational costs. Figure 4 presents a "hub and spokes" logistic
model that includes
producers (spokes), intermediaries (wholesalers) and customers
(spokes) (Lin & Lin & Lin
&, 2003).
Figure 4.
The "hub and spokes" logistic model
17. (Source:
http://www.elsalvadorcompite.gob.sv/portal/page/portal/ESV/Pg
_Biblio_logist/
MFA - Supply Chain Integration.pdf)
The location of the hub is essential and the entrance and exit of
goods must be
done without blockages. Other factors are the storage costs,
taxes, availability of
alternative routes and so on. It could be recommendable for
several hubs to exist, but this
will lead to a more complicated functionality.
Valahian Journal of Economic Studies
28
If deliveries are constantly late or lost in transit and the
distribution logistics go out
of control, it means that the time has come to take into
consideration the hub and spokes
model.
In the field of transports, a distinction is often made between
the direct transport
and the one conducted according to the "hub and spokes" model.
The direct transport is a
connection between two points, which means transports that go
in a single direction. The
18. characteristics of the "hub and spokes" systems refer to their
organization under the shape
of a star. The hub is the nodal centre from where transports are
done toward all the spokes
(Figure 5).
Figure 5
A "hub and spokes" logistic network
(Source: http://sinaslogisticsblog.blogspot.ro/2010/04/hub-and-
spoke-system.html)
The "hub and spokes" model is applicable to the following
forms of transport
(http://en.org/Spoke-hub_distribution_paradigm):
• The road transports imply heavy transport vehicles which
require standardized
loading equipment (freight cars, pallets, boxes, caterpillars etc).
The routes of these
transport means can be from "spoke" firms (suppliers, producers
etc) to "hub" firms
(wholesalers, retailers etc), which manage specialized
commercial storehouses, and from
here to consumers/users (companies or individuals);
• The transport of goods on railway, in which the loads are
transported to a central
terminal. At that terminal the containers are moved on other
cars, and the railway yards are
used to select the cars and compose the trains according to their
19. destination;
• The air transport implies smaller airports as "spokes" from
where the flows of
transport are directed to airports with large traffic potential of
the "hub" type. If we have in
mind the flows of goods, we can consider (for example) that
most of the flights of
company A go through the International Airport B, and a
significant part of the FedEx
Express packages are processed in the "Super Hub" situated in
the International Airport C.
This already reveals a "hub and spokes" system that is adequate
to this type of transport.
Volume 5 (19) Issue 2 2014
29
• The maritime transport, where small ships transport containers
from various
ports to a central terminal where the containers are loaded on
larger ships.
• The public transport of people uses various hubs which allow
passengers to make
transfers between transport lines and transport means.
• For the individual transport, the "hub and spokes" model does
not apply because
drivers in general choose the shortest route between two points.
The "hub and spokes" model in the field of logistics (presented
20. in figures 3 and 4)
can be incorporated in the modern commerce. This model is
usually based on a traditional
and electronic market that connects the hub company to the
spokes firms. In this way the
commercial models are applied to businesses of the types B2B
(Business-to-Business) and
B2C (Business-to-Consumer). And here, through the "hub and
spokes" model, the
commercial partners are integrated through a hub. Thus, most
electronic logistic networks
of the "hub and spokes" have a single form of allocation, a
single option, as well as a
complex system of transport routes from the demand points
toward the hubs.
The transactions within the supply chains which require
businesses specific to the
electronic commerce include flows of information, products and
funds. For example, the
following transactions can be carried out in the virtual space:
providing information about
the products to participants in the supply-delivery chain;
placing orders with suppliers;
permission given to customers to place orders; permission given
to customers to monitor
the progress of the order; filling out and transmission of orders
to customers; reception of
payments from customers (Chopra & Meindl, 2004).
Thus, in the field of electronic commerce the network is not just
a broker, but also
an intermediary that creates demand for the suppliers and
supply for the customers. The
commercial accord is prepared manually between the
intermediary and the commercial
21. partner. The "hub and spokes" model is limited to interactions
such as the search for
products, the updating of catalogues, orders and auctions in the
virtual space and
operations of reading and writing within the portals. In order to
reach a critical mass of
commercial partners, specific standards with maximum
applicability are necessary.
The initial growth in the electronic commerce was recorded in
the B2C supply
chains. The best known example is Amazon.com, which started
to sell books on the
internet and extended to music, toys, electronic products,
software and others. However,
most businesses in the virtual space are conducted between
companies. At General
Electric, the employees order office supplies on the internet
from already selected retailers.
Ford Motor uses the internet to facilitate the cooperation
between the engineers in the
entire world in order to collaborate on various projects with the
aim to create basic
components that can be used (Chopra & Meindl, 2004).
The "hub and spokes" system is the best known network system.
The spokes in
the network constitute transport services between regional
terminals and hubs. The hubs
are terminals or, in the case of railway systems, they can be
railway nodes. Within the hub,
the transports are conducted from one line to another that
connects the hub with the
terminals of destination. Ideally, the hubs are located as close
as possible to the gravity
centre of the transport demand. This way the distances to be
22. covered and the duration of
the transports between the terminal of origin and those of
destination are minimized. The
total time of transport from terminal to terminal grows due to
the supplementary distance
necessary for the transport to the hub and to the time spent in
the hub. A "hub and spokes"
system is created in order to combine the small flows that come
and depart for different
directions (Chopra & Meindl, 2004).
Valahian Journal of Economic Studies
30
Within the "hub and spokes" system there are pre-established
transfer/re-loading
points that are usually situated near important transport routes
and that are used for the
transfer of goods to regional distributors (Figure 6). The hubs
describe the re-loading
points, while the spokes mark the flow of goods from and to the
hubs.
Figure 6.
The "hub and spokes" system”
(Source: http://sinaslogisticsblog.blogspot.ro/2010/04/hub-and-
spoke-system.html)
A hub and spokes network is a centralized and integrated
23. logistic system created in
order to keep the costs at a low level. The hub and spokes
distribution centres receive
products from many different directions, they consolidate them
and send them directly to
their destination.
A "hub and spokes" logistic network is composed of hubs that
have the role to
carry out transfer operations (like, for example, to re-assemble
and re-direct loads
composed of smaller units) and of spokes or storehouses that
have the role to connect the
end customers with the hubs (Zapfel & Wasner, 2002).
The mother companies and their subsidiaries or divisions have
different needs and
that is why they need different business systems. The data
within these different business
systems must, however, be integrated so that the organization
functions as a whole. A
system that is suited to this end makes possible for the
organization to develop effectively
as a business unit, within which the mother company acts like
the hub of a wheel, and the
subsidiaries like its spokes.
While the "hub and spokes" model is currently predominant in
organizations, it is
followed by the centralized model within which a single
company maintains a constant in
the field of social and media efforts. We can observe this in
fields like medical assistance,
finances, pharmaceuticals and in the case of a number of car
manufacturers in order to
24. preserve a sensation of control in a coordinated manner.
Most often, companies launch a centralized multifunctional
group (often known as
Centre of Excellence) in order to serve the various components
through a common set of
services, models, software and knowledge. Within the "hub and
spokes" model the
strategic decisions are mostly taken inside the hub, the results
being later directed to the
components that form the spokes.
Volume 5 (19) Issue 2 2014
31
4. Conclusions
A successful management of the supply-delivery chain requires
many decisions
regarding the flow of information, products and funds. The
conception, planning and
operation of a supply chain have a strong impact on the
profitability and overall success of
the company. The planning of the supply-delivery chain
establishes parameters within
which a supply chain can function for a certain period of time.
During planning, companies
must include in their decisions a certain degree of uncertainty
with regard to the demand,
25. exchange rates and competition for that period of time. Due to
shorter periods of time and
better prognoses than the ones during the conception phase,
they try to incorporate any
flexibility included in the supply chain during the conception
phase and to exploit it in
order to improve the outcomes. As a result of the planning
phase, companies define a set of
operational policies that govern their short term operations.
Within the operations of the supply-delivery chain, the time
frame is weeks or
days, and during this phase companies take decisions regarding
the individual orders
placed by customers. At operational level, the configuration of
the supply-delivery chain is
considered to be a fix one and the planning policies are already
defined. The aim of the
operations of the supply chain is to manage the orders placed by
customers in the best way
possible. During this phase, firms allocate stockpiles and
production to individual orders,
establish a deadline until which the order has to be honoured,
generate lists of transport at
storehouses and place order to replenish their stockpiles.
Because operational decisions are
taken on a short term (minutes, hours or days), the degree of
uncertainty with regard to the
information about demand is reduced. Due to the constraints
established by the
configuration and planning policies, the aim during the
operational phase is to exploit the
reduction of the degree of uncertainty and the optimization of
the performance.
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· Watch the video linked below and answer the following
questions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpUdeXCo3y0
1. What was the ethical moment?
2. Do you agree with what he did?
3. What would you have done?
· Please read the two discussions (the discussion includes the
following 3 questions) below and write a 100 to 150 words
respond for each discussion.
· The first discussion (3 questions):
1. The ethical moment is when the soldiers were told to lie
about the death of their fellow soldier by their captain instead
of telling the truth that it was due to an accident.
29. 2. I do not agree with the decision to lie because I imagine the
soldiers would feel extremely guilty and eventually the truth
would come out and when it did, it would make the captain look
like a terrible person. The soldiers have a million other things
they are worried about and the last thing they should have to
stress about is lying.
3. I would have told the truth because the soldiers are already
having to deal with the loss of their friend and to lie would feel
like a dishonor to him.
· The second discussion (3 questions):
1. The ethical moment is when Captain Winters decides to tell
his men that they do not need to do another patrol across the
river into enemy territory again, despite direct orders from the
Colonel. Although the first patrol was “successful” in
recovering two prisoners to question, the mission took the life
of one of Captain Winters’ young soldiers. Winters told his men
to lie and say that they were able to get across the river into
enemy territory a second time but were unable to capture
anymore prisoners this time, when in reality they got a full
nights sleep.
2. I agree with Captain Winters’ actions to spare his soldiers’
and friends’ lives by not having them do another mission that
could cost them more than reward them. Captain Winters and
the soldiers did not agree with Colonel Sink’s orders, so
Winters decided to give his men a break from horrific war
action. Although Captain Winters defied an order from a
superior, I believe it was the right thing to do considering the
losses all of the men have suffered already.
3. It is hard to say what I would have done because I could not
even fathom the amount of courage and bravery to even fight in
such a brutal war. I think that I would try to do what Captain
Winters did to spare my friends’ lives, especially from a
mission that nobody agrees with except the braggadocios
command of the Colonel who likes the idea of commanding a
“successful” infantry unit.