This document summarizes a research paper that assessed factors influencing career choices among fresh graduates majoring in business and economics. The study analyzed four factors: family factors, personal interests, financial benefits, and peer influences. The results from 198 fresh graduates showed that family factors had no relationship with career choices. Personal interests had the strongest influence, followed by financial benefits. Peer influences showed a negative relationship with career choices. The summary provides an overview of the research topic, methodology, and key findings.
This study examines the factors affecting career choice among grade 12 students in Dingalan National High School for the school year 2021-2022. The researchers will survey 20 randomly selected grade 12 students to understand what factors most influence their decision-making. Some of the key factors identified in previous research that may affect career choice include personality, interests, family influences, role models, available resources, and cultural identity. The researchers hope this study will help clarify for students what truly impacts their career decisions and provide insights for future researchers on this topic.
This document presents a research proposal that aims to determine the factors affecting the college course preferences of grade 12 students at FDRMS for the 2018-2019 school year. Specifically, it seeks to identify the demographic profile of respondents and investigate how personal choice, parents' decision, peer influence, and job opportunities influence course selection. The study is guided by theories on multiple intelligences, capabilities, and career counseling. It will survey 40 grade 12 students to understand their preferences and help students and parents in the college selection process. A literature review discusses related foreign and local studies on factors like self-examination, economic considerations, and the role of parents and counselors in shaping career decisions.
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This study investigated the influence of Guidance and Counselling on the career choice of secondary school students in Ekiti Local Government Area of Kwara State. This research work was to assess the extent to which the influence of Guidance and Counselling has influenced the career choice of secondary school students in Ekiti Local Government Area, Kwara State.
The population sample was two hundred (200) students randomly selected from each school in Ekiti Local Government Area of Kwara State. The researcher’s designed influence of Guidance and Counselling in carrier choice questionnaire (IGCCQ) was used to collect data from the respondents. Four null hypotheses were generated to guide the study.
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It was recommended that practising counsellors from all levels of institutions should design individual and group counselling programmes for students to cater for comprehensive and effective education for all levels of institutions. Through such programmes, students will be educated to appreciate good morals and stay away from deviant behaviours in the school and outside the school. Also, the indecent dressing should be discouraged and students should work harder and be dedicated to their studies.
This document summarizes a study on the career preferences and choices of public administration students in the Philippines. It found that the top 3 career choices were government administrator, lawyer/executive assistant, and community worker/human resource specialist. The first and last choices both involve clerical work in ensuring smooth office operations. Financial remuneration was the most influential factor in career decisions. Professional development opportunities and job security were also important factors. The study utilized surveys to understand students' perceptions of future career options and influences on their choices.
The document summarizes a study conducted on the factors influencing the career choice of Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) learners in Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School. A total of 87 students participated in the study through an online survey. The study found that the majority of respondents were female students from Section G12 HUMSS-G. Most came from families with incomes between PHP 5,000-9,000. The factors of environment, opportunity, and personality that may influence career choice were all found to have equal and midly significant influence based on the students' responses. The study concluded that there was no significant difference in the influence of these three factors on the career choices of the G12
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This document summarizes 19 studies that examined outcomes of ADHD coaching. 10 of the studies focused specifically on college students. The studies showed that ADHD coaching supports improved ADHD symptoms and executive functioning. Quantitative studies generally found statistically significant benefits, while qualitative studies reported positive trends. Some studies also found improved well-being, maintenance of gains, and high participant satisfaction with coaching. ADHD coaching is distinguished from other treatments by its focus on skill acquisition and implementation to support goal attainment and performance enhancement.
This study examines the factors affecting career choice among grade 12 students in Dingalan National High School for the school year 2021-2022. The researchers will survey 20 randomly selected grade 12 students to understand what factors most influence their decision-making. Some of the key factors identified in previous research that may affect career choice include personality, interests, family influences, role models, available resources, and cultural identity. The researchers hope this study will help clarify for students what truly impacts their career decisions and provide insights for future researchers on this topic.
This document presents a research proposal that aims to determine the factors affecting the college course preferences of grade 12 students at FDRMS for the 2018-2019 school year. Specifically, it seeks to identify the demographic profile of respondents and investigate how personal choice, parents' decision, peer influence, and job opportunities influence course selection. The study is guided by theories on multiple intelligences, capabilities, and career counseling. It will survey 40 grade 12 students to understand their preferences and help students and parents in the college selection process. A literature review discusses related foreign and local studies on factors like self-examination, economic considerations, and the role of parents and counselors in shaping career decisions.
INFLUENCE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING IN CAREER CHOICE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL ST...ResearchWap
This study investigated the influence of Guidance and Counselling on the career choice of secondary school students in Ekiti Local Government Area of Kwara State. This research work was to assess the extent to which the influence of Guidance and Counselling has influenced the career choice of secondary school students in Ekiti Local Government Area, Kwara State.
The population sample was two hundred (200) students randomly selected from each school in Ekiti Local Government Area of Kwara State. The researcher’s designed influence of Guidance and Counselling in carrier choice questionnaire (IGCCQ) was used to collect data from the respondents. Four null hypotheses were generated to guide the study.
The finding revealed that age, gender, religion and class level of respondents have an influence on guidance and counselling in the career choice of secondary school students in Ekiti Local Government, Kwara State.
It was recommended that practising counsellors from all levels of institutions should design individual and group counselling programmes for students to cater for comprehensive and effective education for all levels of institutions. Through such programmes, students will be educated to appreciate good morals and stay away from deviant behaviours in the school and outside the school. Also, the indecent dressing should be discouraged and students should work harder and be dedicated to their studies.
This document summarizes a study on the career preferences and choices of public administration students in the Philippines. It found that the top 3 career choices were government administrator, lawyer/executive assistant, and community worker/human resource specialist. The first and last choices both involve clerical work in ensuring smooth office operations. Financial remuneration was the most influential factor in career decisions. Professional development opportunities and job security were also important factors. The study utilized surveys to understand students' perceptions of future career options and influences on their choices.
The document summarizes a study conducted on the factors influencing the career choice of Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) learners in Speaker Eugenio Perez National Agricultural School. A total of 87 students participated in the study through an online survey. The study found that the majority of respondents were female students from Section G12 HUMSS-G. Most came from families with incomes between PHP 5,000-9,000. The factors of environment, opportunity, and personality that may influence career choice were all found to have equal and midly significant influence based on the students' responses. The study concluded that there was no significant difference in the influence of these three factors on the career choices of the G12
A Descriptive Review of ADHD Coaching Research Implications for College Stud...Leslie Schulte
This document summarizes 19 studies that examined outcomes of ADHD coaching. 10 of the studies focused specifically on college students. The studies showed that ADHD coaching supports improved ADHD symptoms and executive functioning. Quantitative studies generally found statistically significant benefits, while qualitative studies reported positive trends. Some studies also found improved well-being, maintenance of gains, and high participant satisfaction with coaching. ADHD coaching is distinguished from other treatments by its focus on skill acquisition and implementation to support goal attainment and performance enhancement.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION FOR PROPOSAL DEFENSEShenieBaludo
This document discusses a study that aims to determine the factors influencing Bachelor of Education (BEED) students' chosen course at Initao College. It provides background on the importance of career choice and decision making for students. The theoretical framework discusses Holland's Theory of Career Choice and Bandura's career development theory. The study seeks to determine the demographic profile of BEED students and identify factors such as institution considerations, family influence, financial support, future job opportunities, personal interests, peer influence, and skills that affect course choice. It also examines if there is a relationship between demographic profile and influencing factors. The study aims to benefit students, school administrators, instructors, and parents by providing guidance on career decision making. It will be conducted
This document discusses a study on academic stressors among business management undergraduate students at Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali in Brunei. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with stress in selected Bachelor of Business Management students. Most respondents reported experiencing severe stress. The literature review discusses sources of stress for undergraduate students, including academic pressures, exams, deadlines, and adjusting to university life. The purpose was to understand the religious coping techniques students use to deal with stress related to their studies.
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This document discusses how socioeconomic factors influence students' choice of tertiary education programs in Sri Lanka. It conducted a survey of education stakeholders and analyzed secondary data on tertiary education in Sri Lanka. The study found that parental levels of education and income, financial support, parental involvement in education, language of instruction, and peer groups influenced students' program choices. It recommends integrating teaching majors from school to university to industry to better match program offerings with industry demands. This would help shift students' psychological paradigms around program choice and support Sri Lanka's development goals.
ABSTRACT- Psychology is the study of mentality and behaviour. Present study is an attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individ-ual. It tries to establish parameters which form the basis for the future research. Study of students’ psychology in the field of education is much more important in terms of career adoption behaviour of students. Present research was based on the survey in the college going students. The candidates were interviewed regarding their selection of the present non-professional course. The results of the study suggested that the conditions and back-ground of the students effect the decision of their career adoption in present study area. Keywords: Profession, Psychology, Faculty, Knowledge
ERIC Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Emotional Intelligence, Student Experience, Undergraduate Students, Business School Although there is an emerging body of literature demonstrating a relationship between Emotional Intelligence and academic success (i.e., GPA) and much speculation as to how Emotional Intelligence impacts academic performance, there are no studies to date, which examine students’ experiences of this phenomenon in-depth. There is a need to understand the experience of students with regard to how Emotional Intelligence impacts academic achievement from the students’ perspective.
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This study examines the relationship between socio-economic status and academic motivation among college students in Our Lady of Fatima University. The researchers aimed to investigate how socio-economic status, as one factor, impacts students' motivation levels. They hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between socio-economic status and academic motivation, and that there is no difference in motivation between male and female students. A survey was conducted using scales to measure socio-economic status and academic motivation. The data collected was then analyzed to determine if there is a correlation between the two variables and differences between genders. The findings could help students, researchers, and parents understand how socio-economic background may influence academic performance and motivation.
The document summarizes a study on the personal, family, and social factors influencing Grade 12 students at Capintalan National High School in choosing their college courses. The study found that the majority of students were undecided in their course selection. Personal choice was the main factor considered, followed by family financial standing. Social factors like friends' choices had little influence. The study recommends implementing a career guidance program to help inform students' decisions through self-assessment, exposure to career fields, and seminars on career planning. This will help students choose courses aligned with their strengths and interests, and support the Philippines' economic goals.
25 Factors Influencing The Students Choice Of Accounting As A Major Factors ...Kelly Taylor
The document discusses factors that influence students' choice to major in accounting. It analyzes the first batch of accounting students at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak to identify influential factors. The study examines how variables like past achievements, personal interests, job prospects, family/peer influence, and media impact students' decisions. The key finding is that only job prospects have a significant influence on students choosing accounting as their major.
fhenibh r u cuhgc i fjepgunuh fjruvujgn gfcbrgfgggrbebv hy hkjn offh ou puwoufjo i09i i oirjfoeijr oifj oqidjgjio sdijit jwo j i rijfoufh erohruivhif u uuhf i iee ie ei ei ei ei ut uhg ughu [q0rij ogijoif ohger h jhreg h jeoigj
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This document summarizes a research study that investigated the impact of career guidance on the career choices of secondary students in Botswana. The study found that career guidance programs and practices were absent or lacking in most schools. Students showed awareness of subject and university entrance requirements but did not have enough career information. The dynamic nature of career decision-making means students need guidance to make informed choices. The study recommends developing systematic career guidance programs in schools to adequately address students' career needs.
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The document discusses factors that influence students' career preferences and decisions. It outlines several challenges facing the country as well as theories on career development. The study aims to determine what influences the career preferences of senior high school students in San Pablo City, including childhood aspirations, family/peer influences, and job demand factors. It also examines how students' backgrounds, such as gender, age, parents' education and jobs, and socioeconomic status relate to their preferences. The theoretical framework is Donald Super's theory of career development over the lifespan.
This document summarizes a study that aims to identify factors influencing academic performance in higher education. The study assessed students' motivational levels using attribution theory and examined factors like attribution style, satisfaction, and student-teacher interactions. A literature review found that motivation, effort, psychological well-being, relationships, and studying habits can impact academic success. The study used questionnaires to measure these factors and identify areas for universities to improve the academic environment.
Nursing students face numerous stresses and challenges that pose threat to their well-being. They require guidance in order to attain satisfactory adjustment in all aspects of daily life in this critical stage of their development. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the guidance needs of nursing students in selected schools in Iloilo City. The sample of this descriptive, comparative study consisted of 283 randomly selected students from four nursing schools in Iloilo City. The Guidance Needs Inventory for Nursing Students (GNINS) developed by the researchers was used to gather data. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, and rank were used to describe the data. Independent Samples t-Test and ANOVA set at 0.05 alpha were employed to find out significant differences between variables. The study revealed that nursing students need guidance to a moderate extent. They need more guidance on the aspects of career and academic. Further, results indicated no significant differences in the guidance needs of nursing students when grouped according to sex, gender, year level, residence, type of school, living arrangement, employment status of parents, monthly family income, number of siblings, birth order and type of family. Guidance remains to be an integral part of nursing education. Continued provision of guidance responsive and relevant to the needs of nursing student cohort is therefore necessary.
The document discusses a study on mitigating mental well-being challenges caused by wrong career choice among high school students in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study found that lack of identifying and nurturing talent among students, and not offering good career models or mentors can lead to wrong career choices. This in turn can cause low self-esteem, stress, depression and unhappiness. The study recommends that schools integrate career guidance, hire career advisors, and ensure students register with the university placement body KUCCPS. The key findings were that identifying and nurturing talent, offering career models, exposure and academic clinics can boost proper career selection and self-esteem. Poor career choice was found to negatively impact mental
GROUP 1- PRACTICAL Research paper for 12lynsumbrana
This document discusses factors that influence the strand preference of grade 10 students at Liloy National High School. It presents a literature review on interest in strand, peer influence, and parental support as key factors. Regarding interest in strand, personal interest is found to be the most influential factor in choosing a strand according to previous studies. Peer influence is also identified as a strong predictor that can affect students' decisions. Stable family support and socioeconomic status are shown to provide benefits that lead to higher academic achievement and influence the strand chosen. The study aims to investigate strand preferences and factors affecting preferences among grade 10 students at the school.
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POWERPOINT PRESENTATION FOR PROPOSAL DEFENSEShenieBaludo
This document discusses a study that aims to determine the factors influencing Bachelor of Education (BEED) students' chosen course at Initao College. It provides background on the importance of career choice and decision making for students. The theoretical framework discusses Holland's Theory of Career Choice and Bandura's career development theory. The study seeks to determine the demographic profile of BEED students and identify factors such as institution considerations, family influence, financial support, future job opportunities, personal interests, peer influence, and skills that affect course choice. It also examines if there is a relationship between demographic profile and influencing factors. The study aims to benefit students, school administrators, instructors, and parents by providing guidance on career decision making. It will be conducted
This document discusses a study on academic stressors among business management undergraduate students at Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali in Brunei. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with stress in selected Bachelor of Business Management students. Most respondents reported experiencing severe stress. The literature review discusses sources of stress for undergraduate students, including academic pressures, exams, deadlines, and adjusting to university life. The purpose was to understand the religious coping techniques students use to deal with stress related to their studies.
Fedynich, bain, martinez faculty perspectives on graduate student successWilliam Kritsonis
Published by NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - A group of national refereed, peer-reviewed, scholarly, academic periodicals. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD, Editor-in-Chief, NFJ (Since 1982)
Achievement Motivation Across Gender And Different Academic MajorsKelly Lipiec
This document summarizes a study that investigated differences in achievement motivation across gender and academic majors among college students. The study found that female students had significantly higher achievement motivation than male students. It also found that students majoring in science had significantly higher achievement motivation than students majoring in arts. These results indicate that gender and choice of major play a role in students' levels of achievement motivation.
Academic Self-Concept And Critical Thinking Dispositions Devising A Predicti...Sabrina Green
This document discusses a study that aimed to develop a predictive model of college students' degree commitment based on their academic self-concept and critical thinking dispositions. It provides background on factors related to degree commitment such as attrition rates. It also discusses academic self-concept and critical thinking dispositions as potential predictors of degree commitment. A literature review covers research on degree commitment, critical thinking dispositions, academic self-concept, and the need to explore these factors among Greek college students. The study used a questionnaire to examine relationships between the predictors and degree commitment for 120 Greek college students.
IJ EAPS 2022 Creating a psychological paradigm shift in students choice for t...CINEC Campus
This document discusses how socioeconomic factors influence students' choice of tertiary education programs in Sri Lanka. It conducted a survey of education stakeholders and analyzed secondary data on tertiary education in Sri Lanka. The study found that parental levels of education and income, financial support, parental involvement in education, language of instruction, and peer groups influenced students' program choices. It recommends integrating teaching majors from school to university to industry to better match program offerings with industry demands. This would help shift students' psychological paradigms around program choice and support Sri Lanka's development goals.
ABSTRACT- Psychology is the study of mentality and behaviour. Present study is an attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individ-ual. It tries to establish parameters which form the basis for the future research. Study of students’ psychology in the field of education is much more important in terms of career adoption behaviour of students. Present research was based on the survey in the college going students. The candidates were interviewed regarding their selection of the present non-professional course. The results of the study suggested that the conditions and back-ground of the students effect the decision of their career adoption in present study area. Keywords: Profession, Psychology, Faculty, Knowledge
ERIC Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Emotional Intelligence, Student Experience, Undergraduate Students, Business School Although there is an emerging body of literature demonstrating a relationship between Emotional Intelligence and academic success (i.e., GPA) and much speculation as to how Emotional Intelligence impacts academic performance, there are no studies to date, which examine students’ experiences of this phenomenon in-depth. There is a need to understand the experience of students with regard to how Emotional Intelligence impacts academic achievement from the students’ perspective.
A Study Of Socio Economic Status And Academic MotivationTina Gabel
This study examines the relationship between socio-economic status and academic motivation among college students in Our Lady of Fatima University. The researchers aimed to investigate how socio-economic status, as one factor, impacts students' motivation levels. They hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between socio-economic status and academic motivation, and that there is no difference in motivation between male and female students. A survey was conducted using scales to measure socio-economic status and academic motivation. The data collected was then analyzed to determine if there is a correlation between the two variables and differences between genders. The findings could help students, researchers, and parents understand how socio-economic background may influence academic performance and motivation.
The document summarizes a study on the personal, family, and social factors influencing Grade 12 students at Capintalan National High School in choosing their college courses. The study found that the majority of students were undecided in their course selection. Personal choice was the main factor considered, followed by family financial standing. Social factors like friends' choices had little influence. The study recommends implementing a career guidance program to help inform students' decisions through self-assessment, exposure to career fields, and seminars on career planning. This will help students choose courses aligned with their strengths and interests, and support the Philippines' economic goals.
25 Factors Influencing The Students Choice Of Accounting As A Major Factors ...Kelly Taylor
The document discusses factors that influence students' choice to major in accounting. It analyzes the first batch of accounting students at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak to identify influential factors. The study examines how variables like past achievements, personal interests, job prospects, family/peer influence, and media impact students' decisions. The key finding is that only job prospects have a significant influence on students choosing accounting as their major.
fhenibh r u cuhgc i fjepgunuh fjruvujgn gfcbrgfgggrbebv hy hkjn offh ou puwoufjo i09i i oirjfoeijr oifj oqidjgjio sdijit jwo j i rijfoufh erohruivhif u uuhf i iee ie ei ei ei ei ut uhg ughu [q0rij ogijoif ohger h jhreg h jeoigj
An Investigation Into The Impact Of Career Guidance On Career Choice Of Secon...Leslie Schulte
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the impact of career guidance on the career choices of secondary students in Botswana. The study found that career guidance programs and practices were absent or lacking in most schools. Students showed awareness of subject and university entrance requirements but did not have enough career information. The dynamic nature of career decision-making means students need guidance to make informed choices. The study recommends developing systematic career guidance programs in schools to adequately address students' career needs.
Stress and coping of Russian students do gender and marital status make a dif...DwiArsintaKusumawati
This study examines stress and coping among Russian university students, and whether gender and marital status impact these factors. The researchers administered a stress and coping questionnaire to 539 students. They found that female students reported experiencing more stress than male students. Single students felt more impacted by academic and interpersonal stressors than married students. Male students were more likely to use exercise and smoking to cope with stress, while female students preferred talking to others. Marital status also impacted coping methods, as single students were more likely to use alcohol and less likely to confide in family. The study provides insights into stress experiences and gender differences among Russian university students.
The document discusses factors that influence students' career preferences and decisions. It outlines several challenges facing the country as well as theories on career development. The study aims to determine what influences the career preferences of senior high school students in San Pablo City, including childhood aspirations, family/peer influences, and job demand factors. It also examines how students' backgrounds, such as gender, age, parents' education and jobs, and socioeconomic status relate to their preferences. The theoretical framework is Donald Super's theory of career development over the lifespan.
This document summarizes a study that aims to identify factors influencing academic performance in higher education. The study assessed students' motivational levels using attribution theory and examined factors like attribution style, satisfaction, and student-teacher interactions. A literature review found that motivation, effort, psychological well-being, relationships, and studying habits can impact academic success. The study used questionnaires to measure these factors and identify areas for universities to improve the academic environment.
Nursing students face numerous stresses and challenges that pose threat to their well-being. They require guidance in order to attain satisfactory adjustment in all aspects of daily life in this critical stage of their development. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the guidance needs of nursing students in selected schools in Iloilo City. The sample of this descriptive, comparative study consisted of 283 randomly selected students from four nursing schools in Iloilo City. The Guidance Needs Inventory for Nursing Students (GNINS) developed by the researchers was used to gather data. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, and rank were used to describe the data. Independent Samples t-Test and ANOVA set at 0.05 alpha were employed to find out significant differences between variables. The study revealed that nursing students need guidance to a moderate extent. They need more guidance on the aspects of career and academic. Further, results indicated no significant differences in the guidance needs of nursing students when grouped according to sex, gender, year level, residence, type of school, living arrangement, employment status of parents, monthly family income, number of siblings, birth order and type of family. Guidance remains to be an integral part of nursing education. Continued provision of guidance responsive and relevant to the needs of nursing student cohort is therefore necessary.
The document discusses a study on mitigating mental well-being challenges caused by wrong career choice among high school students in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study found that lack of identifying and nurturing talent among students, and not offering good career models or mentors can lead to wrong career choices. This in turn can cause low self-esteem, stress, depression and unhappiness. The study recommends that schools integrate career guidance, hire career advisors, and ensure students register with the university placement body KUCCPS. The key findings were that identifying and nurturing talent, offering career models, exposure and academic clinics can boost proper career selection and self-esteem. Poor career choice was found to negatively impact mental
GROUP 1- PRACTICAL Research paper for 12lynsumbrana
This document discusses factors that influence the strand preference of grade 10 students at Liloy National High School. It presents a literature review on interest in strand, peer influence, and parental support as key factors. Regarding interest in strand, personal interest is found to be the most influential factor in choosing a strand according to previous studies. Peer influence is also identified as a strong predictor that can affect students' decisions. Stable family support and socioeconomic status are shown to provide benefits that lead to higher academic achievement and influence the strand chosen. The study aims to investigate strand preferences and factors affecting preferences among grade 10 students at the school.
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An assessment of factors in uencing career choices among fresh
graduates: a survey of students majoring in business and economics
Nguyen Thu Giang
T&N Trading and Investment Company, Hanoi, Vietnam
J 7 D 1 J
)RUHLJQ UDGH QLYHUVLW +DQRL 9LHWQDP
Received: J V Revised: 23 November 2021; Accepted: -D D
SV J M HP
Abstract
This paper aims to identify and analyze factors that a ect the career choices of fresh graduates
majoring in business and economics. The proposed model of the study consists of four
independent variables, which are family factors, personal interests, nancial bene ts, and peer
in uences. The results from the exploratory factor analysis and the multiple regression analysis
with data collected from 198 fresh graduates show that family factors have no relationship
with career choices. Personal interests have the strongest in uence on career choices, which
are followed by nancial bene ts. Peer in uences show a negative relationship with career
choices. Based on these results, recommendations are proposed for fresh graduates, parents,
academic institutions and educators, and businesses.
Keywords: Fresh graduates, Career choices, Personal interests, Financial bene ts, Peer
in uence
Corresponding author: nhungdth@ftu.edu.vn
661
I J
- J M I
- I , V 0 J 9 1
Introduction
Career choice is one of the most critical decisions because a career exerts a signi cant
impact on every facet of our life including personal, social, and professional aspects. It is
interdependent with economic security, job satisfaction, and life ful lment (Jusoh HW D
2011). DeSimone HW D (2002) believe that career choice is the most crucial decision to a
fresh graduate’s life because this selection would lead to a dramatic transformation in his/
her life.
2. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1
2 12
Firstly, after graduating from an academic institution, suitable career decisions made at the
intermediate years of employment may have a major impact on fresh graduates’ professional
and personal growth (Jusoh HW D , 2011). With the right careers, they could accomplish their
work in a positive and willing manner because these careers are suitable for them. They will
go to work happily and feel motivated without feeling being forced or depressed. Secondly,
the right careers also help them to increase their life ful lment and be a source of happiness for
them. If the career choices are made incorrectly and inappropriately, the workers might have
to experience unnecessary stress and dissatisfaction. If the choices are not made appropriately,
the workers might have to experience tension and unhappiness, and even burnout (Mashige
and Oduntan, 2011). Moss (2019) de nes burnout as fatigue, cynicism, or self-distance and
lack of e ectiveness and encouragement. Lastly, the organization is bene ted from the right
career choices made by the workers. Individuals with good career decision-making skills will
be able to apply for the right jobs, which lower the country’s unemployment rate (Lui HW D
2013). Therefore, the ability to make good career choices is at the heart of success for fresh
graduates in their rst years of employment (Lui HW D , 2013).
Therefore, the aim of the study is to obtain an understanding of the factors which
impact fresh graduates’ career choices. This research has three main purposes, including
exploring the in uential role of both external and internal factors on fresh graduates’
decision-making process for career choices, investigating the signi cance of the impact
of each factor on fresh graduates’ career choices, and providing fresh graduates, parents,
educators at academic institutions, and other researchers in this eld a deeper insight into
fresh graduates’ career choices.
This study seeks to ll a gap in the literature on determinants of career choices. Firstly,
four factors including family factors, personal interests, nancial bene ts, and peer in uences
are selected based on its frequencies of appearance among previous studies. Those factors
are suggested to have impacts on career choices. However, a few studies have tested the
in uences of these factors. Secondly, studies on career choices of fresh graduates are relatively
limited. The previous studies seem to pay more attention to the career choices of students and
adolescents rather than fresh graduates. Lastly, in Vietnam, there is a lack of studies analyzing
determinants of career choices among fresh graduates majoring in business and economics.
The remaining of the paper is structured as follows. The next section will present the
literature review related to this topic. The theoretical framework will be followed to enable
the development of various hypotheses. After that, the research methodology will be
demonstrated. In the next part, the empirical ndings will be presented, as well as, discussed.
Finally, the conclusion and recommendation part will close this study.
2. Literature review
RQFHSW R F HH F RLFH
The term career is de ned by Gecikli (2002) as the professional, marketable, or business
activity that an individual may adopt during his/her study life or till death. A person’s job
3. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1 2 12
choice may be de ned as a series of decisions that he/she makes while deciding on a career
path (Kolawole HW D , 2012). Maina (2013) de nes career choice as “the decision to follow a
course of study that leads to a certain profession based on one’s interests, passions, and skills
as in uenced by parental in uences, peers, and role models.” This de nition is supported
by Hartung (1995). He supposes that the career choice is a certain profession which one
individual will depend on his/her readiness, ability, interests, decidedness, comfort, and self-
clarity to decide on. This study uses the de nition of career choice from Hartung (1995) and
Maina (2013).
RQFHSW R H J G WH
A graduate is a person who has earned a rst degree from a university or an institution,
according to the Cambridge dictionary. A recent graduate is someone who has just graduated
from a college or a university and has been out of school for less than three years (Keenan and
Newton, 1986; Graham and McKenzie, 1995; Wickramasinghe and Perera, 2010). According
to McGaha (2005), an undergraduate is considered a graduate after he/she receives his/her
bachelor’s degree. After receiving the bachelor’s degree, a fresh graduate will experience
immediate years of employment. He/she will be regarded as a fresh graduate from one to
three years (Keenan and Newton, 1986; Graham and McKenzie, 1995; Wickramasinghe and
Perera, 2010).
FWR LPS FWLQJ F HH F RLFH R H J G WH
In the literature, this topic has attracted great concern among scholars and practitioners
(e.g., Akosah-Twumasi HW D , 2018; Shujaat and Manzoor, 2014; Ahmed HW D , 2017). Many
scholars have investigated the determinants of career choices among di erent groups of
SH S H J VH D D J V V H V H D D V H V H J D D H
graduate, and postgraduate students. Some studies have categorized factors a ecting career
choices into groups. Akosah-Twumasi HW D (2018), Purohit HW D (2020), and Marinas HW
D (2016) point out that there are three groups of factors a ecting career choices. These
are extrinsic factors, intrinsic factors, and interpersonal factors. Extrinsic factors refer to the
factors that wield their in uences from the external environments (Akosah-Twumasi HW D
2018). Intrinsic factors refer to the factors that belong to an individual (Akosah-Twumasi
HW D , 2018). Interpersonal factors refer to the factors that are related to other relationships
of individuals (Akosah-Twumasi HW D , 2018). The list of factors is based on the previous
research of Akosah-Twumasi HW D (2018), who have provided a systematic review of factors
that have in uence on youth career choices. Table 1 illustrates the systematic review of the
factors proposed by Akosah-Twumasi HW D (2018).
According to Akosah-Twumasi HW D (2018), there are four commonly observed
determinants of career choices. These are nancial remuneration, personal interest, in uence
of family member, and peer in uences. There is, however, no research which tests the e ects
of all four factors on career choices. This study is conducted to analyze all four factors’impact
4. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1
2 12
on career choices of fresh graduates in Hanoi. The fresh graduates are selected because there
is also a lack of research on this target group in Vietnam.
7 O A systematic review of factors that in uence youths career choices
Factor Types Criteria of each factor type
Extrinsic factors Financial remuneration
Professional prestige
Job accessibility
Job security
Intrinsic factors 3H V D H HV V
Self-e cacy
Outcome expectations
Professional development opportunities
Interpersonal factors In uence of family members
7HD H V D H D V
Peer in uences
Social responsibilities
Emergent bicultural in uence
Source: Akosah-Twumasi HW D (2018)
)DPL IDFWRUV
Family factors have gained great attention from researchers (Whiston and Keller, 2004).
According to Wright HW D (2014), parents are the most important individuals who have a
more direct e ect on career choice making by their children than other contextual variables,
particularly throughout adolescence. Family factors refer to the advice, guidance, wish,
expectations, and support from family members (Fouad HW D , 2015).
J D HHP HW D (2014), Wright HW D (2014), and Fouad HW D (2015), the
profession of parents, their knowledge and income level in various professional areas,
the norms, beliefs, information about modern occupations, the spotlight on the local and
international job market, and the skills they acquire can all in uence children’s career choices
(Saleem HW D , 2014). Intriguingly, despite being in uenced by their parents, children’s
economic dependence on their parents has restricted their willingness to follow their parents’
choices (Jodl HW D , 2001). Most importantly, Fizer (2013) points out that family factors
in uence students’ choice of major in comparison with personal rewards, job opportunities,
and other factors. Herren HW D (2011) nd that parents have the most in uential role on
students when choosing a job in the agricultural eld.
5. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1 2 12
HUVRQD LQWHUHVWV
Personal interests refer to regular hobbies or habitual activities which could make people’s
minds comfortable, happy, joyful, and encouraging (Liaw HW D , 2017). Individuals select
work settings that best suit their personality and interests, according to the idea of career
typology (Holland, 1966). Personal interests are formed during upbringing, education, and
their contact with friendships, and life experiences. People are more likely to do the activities
they like when they are motivated by their interests.Astrong and inspiring passion in anything
will encourage individuals to reach their full potential.
Pablo-Lerchundi HW D (2015)indicatethat interestisa majorfactora ectingstudents’career
choices in engineering. In addition, Gokuladas (2010) argues that students from metropolitan
regions are more likely to prioritize their personal interests above social objectives when
making career decisions.According toAtitsogbe HW D (2018), personal interests have a greater
e ect on Swiss pupils. In the computer and information technology industry, Alexander HW D
(2011) highlight that personal interest is the most important factor a ecting the career choices
of students. Ahmed HW D (2017) illustrate that interest in the subject has the strongest linkage
with the student’s career choice.
Financial bene ts
Financial bene ts refer to the salary and bonus payment that a person gets for adding value to
a company (Fizer, 2013). The yearly amount of money that a company pays to an employee,
particularly a professional or white-collar worker, is referred to as salary. An employer
provides a regular payment to an employee, which is referred to as an annual payment. Bonus
payment is a supplement to an employee’s basic salary or an hourly rate of compensation
(Fizer, 2013).
Financial remuneration, known as nancial bene ts, has been proved to be the most
in uential extrinsic factor in career choice decisions (Akosah-Twumasi HW D , 2018). Financial
remuneration refers to income, which is regarded as the most critical component of a young
individual’s life whose level of individualism is high (Agarwala, 2008). Al-Abri and Kooli
(2018) suggest that Omani graduates take nancial bene ts as the most important determinant
of the career choices. Wust and Simic (2017) indicate that high income is the most decisive
factor for German students to choose a job. German students agree that high nancial bene ts
and high social status are their top priority when selecting a career and evaluating their success.
In Croatian culture, Wust and Simic (2017) point out that high income is of lower importance
to young Croatians than young German because the Croatian society values collectivism.
Peer in uences
Peer in uences refer to activities such as sharing, advising, counselling, communicating, and
learning from peers (Gokuladas, 2010). In addition, peer in uences can be referred to the
feelings that peers bring to participants such as peer pressure. To illustrate, individuals decide
to take on a job because their friends work at this place or advise them to work at this place.
6. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1
2 12
In other scenarios, an individual decides to take on a new job as an outcome of peer pressures
is considered as peer in uences.
Peer in uences should not be disregarded since it is shown to have an impact on job choices.
Peer in uences are identi ed as a third powerful element, which is after parents and teachers.
Peer in uences may have a major impact on career selections of children, particularly among
the females. Peers are a branch of signi cant others. As social actors, they a ect their types
through social comparisons and approval (Yamashita HW D , 1999; Bojuwoye and Mbanjwa,
2006; Gokuladas, 2010). Hashim and Embong (2015) suppose that the student’s peer group is
the single most potent source of in uence with reference to career choices.
3. Research framework
3.1 Hypothesis development
As having been mentionedin the literature reviewpart, family factorshave exerted a signi cant
impact on career choices in most studies. In general, the young in Asian culture is proved to
be more in uenced by family factors than in other cultures (Guan HW D , 2015). This study is
conducted in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, which has an Asian culture. Hence, it could be
inferred that those participants might be a ected by their family. Howard HW D (2009) nd
that students in urban and industrial backgrounds are less impacted by family factors. These
family factors are also suggested by many researchers to have a complex impact on people of
di erent ages. Therefore, the hypothesis is advanced as follows:
H1: There is a signi cant relationship between family factors and career choices of fresh
JUDGXDWHV
Personal interests are usually shown to have the most in uential impact on career choices
in many studies. In Sri Lanka, research is performed on personal variables that in uence
business students’ job choices (Anojan and Nimalathasan, 2013). The results from most
research reveal that personal factors have the largest in uence. The next hypothesis is as
follows:
H2: There is a signi cant relationship between personal interests and career choice.
As having been mentioned in the literature review part, nancial bene ts have exerted a
signi cant impact on career choices. According to Agarwala (2008), Indian students, whose
major is management, agree that nancial remuneration has a strong relation with career
choice. As the participants of this study are majored in business and economics, the following
hypothesis is proposed to test the accuracy of nancial bene ts on career choices:
H3: There is a signi cant relationship between nancial bene ts and career choices of
fresh graduates.
Peer in uences are also proved to have a relationship with career choices in previous
studies. However, the results are complex and di erent in many studies. Peer in uences have
a negative and positive impact on career choices in some studies. Gardner and Steinberg
7. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1 2 12
(2005) and Salami (2008) point out that peers have a negative in uence on career choices.
Meanwhile, other studies show a positive impact of peers on career choices (Alika, 2010b;
0 J H HW D , 2012; Hashim and Embong, 2015). Kaur (2020) indicates that peers have
both negative and positive e ects on career choices. Therefore, the following hypothesis is
developed:
H4: There is a signi cant relationship between peer in uences and career choices of fresh
JUDGXDWHV
3 RSR HG H H F PRGH
This research model consists of four independent variables, which are family factors (FF),
personal interests (PI), nancial bene ts (FB), and peer in uences (PE), and one dependent
variable, which is career choices (CC).
Figure 1. 7 H HVHD P H
Source: The authors’ suggestion
4. Research methodology
5H H F PHW RG
This study utilizes a quantitative method following Goddard and Melville (2004). The data
are directly collected from the fresh graduates enrolled in business and economics majors
from several universities in Hanoi. The most important tool for this research is a survey. This
survey is conducted on fresh graduates. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the survey is mainly
distributed through online mediums.
4.2 Sampling methodology
The study aims to investigate freshly graduated students in business and economics majors
from universities in Hanoi, which are Foreign Trade University, National Economics
8. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1
2 12
University, and RMIT University. The majority of participants are from the Advanced
Program of Foreign Trade University. The respondents are fresh graduates who have
graduated from universities from one to three years. The survey started in April 2021
and ended in May 2021. This study applies the simple random sampling method in which
participants are selected randomly (Etikan and Bala, 2017). Data were collected from 198
HVS H V
4 H WLRQQ L H GH LJQ
The questionnaire consists of two parts. The rst part focuses on the demographic information
of the participants, which includes age, gender, level of education, academic institutions,
working experience, degree classi cation, and their personal opinion. The second part
contains 23 questions based on the model framework. Respondents are asked to rate their
level of agreement on 23 statements. For each statement, the answer is constructed based on
the ve-point scale of agreement (Albert and Tullis, 2013).
Table 2. Measuring scales and references for the proposed framework
Constructs Code Description Source
Family factors
(FF)
FF 1 Myfamilyexpectsthat mychoiceof occupation
will re ect their wishes.
Fouad HW D (2015)
FF 2 My family discussed career issues with me at
D HD DJH
FF 3 My family showed me how to be successful in
V J D D HH
FF 4 My family provided guidance on which careers
would be best for me.
3H V D
interests (PI)
PI 1 I would do better in the eld that interests me. PD HW D (2018)
PI 2 I would choose careers that match my interests.
PI 3 I would get greater satisfaction and happiness
when working in the eld of interests.
PI 4 In my ideal job, it is important that I would
make use of my interests.
PI 5 I constantly looking for what make me happy
D HH H
Financial
bene ts (FB)
FB1 Salary and bounces have the most signi cant
in uence in choosing my career path.
PD HW D (2018)
FB2 It is important for me to get a high salary job
after graduation.
FB3 I consider nancial bene ts are the most
signi cant motivator for career choice.
9. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1 2 12
Constructs Code Description Source
Peer in uence
(PE)
PE 1 Peer in uence regarding career choices is
powerful.
Naz HW D (2014)
PE 2 My friends have in uenced me to choose a
D HH
PE 3 Peer advice on career guidance was helpful.
PE 4 I chose a career that is similar to my friends.
PE 5 I shared with my friends about my career.
D HH HV
(CC)
I have total freedom to choose my career. Hartung (1995)
I carefully consider career choices before
taking a job.
In my opinion, career choice is one of the most
PS D H V V
In my opinion, career choice in uence
enormously my personal growth.
In my opinion, career choice in uence
enormously my personal growth.
CC6 It is a must for me to fully understand the job
before choosing it.
In my opinion, career choice in uence
enormously my personal growth.
CC6 It is a must for me to fully understand the job
before choosing it.
Sources: The authors’ compilation
5. Empirical ndings and discussion
5.1 Empirical ndings
5.1.1 Demographic analysis of respondents
The questionnaire was designed and uploaded on Google Form. Facebook, Instagram,
and Facebook Messenger were used to distribute the questionnaire. Table 3 presents the
demographic statistics of the respondents. Nearly a half of respondents belongs to the
age group 22, followed by the participants whose age is 23, the portion of fresh graduates
whose age are 23 and 24 accounts for more than a quarter. Regarding to gender, female
participants make up 53.54 %. Concerning academic institutions, 175 respondents (88.38%)
studied in university while only 23 respondents graduated from college. The fresh graduates
majoring in business, economics and accounting-auditing make up 43.43%, 41.92%, and
14.65%, respectively. The majority of respondents achieve a distinction degree (75.25%).
In terms of working experiences, 76 respondents (38.38%) have from 3 months to 1-year
Table 2. Measuring scales and references for the proposed framework FRQWLQXHG
10. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1
2 12
working experience, while 49 participants have 1 to 2 years working experience, and only 37
participants have above 2 years working experience.
Table 3. HP J DS V D V V
W R Frequency Percentage
JH
62
Gender 0D H
Female 106
Others
D HP V V University
HJH 11.62
0DM Economics
Business 86
J D J 14.65
Educational level Graduated
Degree Classi cation J V
V
H 12.63
3DVV
Others
Working experience No working experience 36
From 3 months to 1 year 76
From 1 to 2 years
From 2 to 3 years 16.16
0 H D HD V
Source: The authors’ research sample
5.1.2 Reliability analysis
According to Nunnally and Bernstein (1994), if the values of Cronbach’s Alpha are from
0.8 to close to 1, it is reliable. If these values are about 0.95 or more, there is an overlapped
phenomenon, in which observed variables seem to be redundant in this measuring scale.
If the values range from 0.7 to close to 0.8, it illustrates a reliable scale (Nunnally and
Bernstein, 1994).
11. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1 2 12
In this study, the Cronbach’s Alpha values range from 0.789 to 0.921, illustrating that
the measuring scale of all variables is appropriate and reliable. All the items are retained
because the corrected ttem - total correlation coe cients of all variables are above 0.3. More
importantly, the measuring scales of family factors, personal interests, and career choices
are reliable owing to their Cronbach’s Alpha values, which are higher than 0.8. The result
indicates that the factors impacting the career choices are suitable and reliable. Therefore, all
observed variables are used in the next step with the exploratory factor analysis (EFA).
Table 4. Results of variables’ reliability
Variables Cronbach’s Alpha
Family Factors (FF)
Personal Interests (PI) 0.861
Financial Bene ts (FB)
Peer In uences (PE)
Career Choices (CC)
Source: The authors’ calculation
5.1.3 Exploratory factor analysis
The results of EFA are illustrated in Table 5 and Table 6. The component matrix is only
rotated once. Regarding to independent variables, in the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and
Bartlett’s test, the KMO measure of sampling adequacy is 0.713, which is higher than 0.5.
It is a middling and good value because Kaiser (1974) states that the KMO values should
be more than 0.5 to be reliable. In addition, the Sig. value of KMO and Bartlett’s test is
0.000, which is lower than 0.005. Therefore, the dataset is appropriate to conduct the EFA.
According to Kaiser (1974), Sig. value should not be above 0.005 because a value higher than
0.005 indicates an inaccurate sample size to perform the EFA. The EFA analysis is for four
factors impacting on career choices, which are family factors (FF) with four items, personal
interests (PI) with ve items, nancial bene ts (FB) with three items, and peer in uences
(PE) with ve items. The results are depicted in Table 5. The cumulative percentage of
sums of square loadings is 67.748%, which is higher than 50%. This statistic indicates that
all observed variables can explain up to 67.748 % of all sub-variables in the four factors
extracted in the rotated component matrix.
12. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1
2 12
7 O Exploratory factor analysis of independent variables
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. 0.713
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square 1.786.480
df 136
J
Rotated Component Matrix
PI PE FF FB
PI1
PI3 0.869
PI4
PI2 0.697
PI5 0.638
PE2
PE4 0.768
PE1
PE5 0.668
PE3 0.649
FF2
FF4
FF3
FF1
FB2
FB3
FB1
Total Variance Explained
Extraction of sums of squared loadings Cumulative %: 67.748
Source: The authors’ calculation
In terms of the dependent variables in Table 6, the KMO measure of sampling adequacy
is 0.856. The Sig. value of the Bartlett’s test of sphericity is 0.000. The extraction of sums of
squared loadings has a cumulative of 71.975 %.
13. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1 2 12
7 O Exploratory factor analysis of dependent variable
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square
df
J
Component Matrix
0.806
0.926
CC6
Total Variance Explained
Extraction of sums of squared loadings Cumulative %: 67.748
Source: The authors’ calculation
HDUVRQ FRUUH DWLRQ DQD VLV
The Sig. values of FF, PI, FB, and PE are all less than 0.05, which is according to the Pearson
correlation analysis. This demonstrates that these factors have a substantial relationship with
the dependent variable, which is career choices (CC).
7 O H D V
FF PI FB PE
3HD V H D 0.284** 0.820** 0.386** -0.131
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.065
1
**. Correlation is signi cant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Source: The authors’ calculation
5HJUHVVLRQ DQD VLV
The multiple linear regression analysis is to anticipate the value of the dependent variable
outcome, which is career choices (CC), based on the value of four independent variables. It
is used to measure the cause-and-e ect relationship between the independent and dependent
variables. Results from the multiple linear regression analysis are shown in Table 8.
14. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1
2 12
7 O 0 S H HJ HVV D D V V
Model
Standardized
coe cients W 6
Collinearity statistics
W Tolerance VIF
V D 1.836 0.068
Family Factors
3H V D H HV V 0.776 17.864
Financial bene ts
Peer in uences 1.063
Adjusted R square: 0.687
Notes: The independent variables include family factors (FF), personal interests (PI), nancial
bene ts (FB), and peer in uences (PE). The dependent variable is career choices (CC).
Source: The authors’ calculation
The adjusted R square is 0.687, showing that 68.7 % of the variability in career choices
is explained by the independent variables. The Durbin Watson is 2.230, indicating that
autocorrelation is not evident.
The collinearity statistics is to test the probability of multicollinearity. If the VIF
values are between 1 and 5, there is no evidence of signi cant multicollinearity (Ferentz
and Rosenzweig, 1955). Regarding tolerance statistics, if this statistic is lower than 0.4,
it might come to the issue of multicollinearity. Besides, high tolerance statistics illustrate
low multicollinearity (Mans eld and Helms, 1982). In Table 9, the VIF statistics are above
1 and below 2. In addition, the coe cient values reveal that the tolerance statistics are all
over 0.8, which is relatively high. As a result, it is fair to conclude that multicollinearity
does not exist.
The standardized beta depicts variations in the dependent variable’s standard deviation
as a function of a unit change in an independent variable. The standardized beta may be
used to nd the predictor that has the strongest relationship with the dependent variable
(Ratner, 2009). The regression equation is generated as follows using the standardized
beta coe cient.
CC = 0.776*PI+ 0.111*FB - 0.084*PE.
This regression equation shows that personal interests have the largest in uence on career
choices of the respondents. The second in uential factor is nancial bene ts. The peer
in uences have a negative relationship with career choices. Surprisingly, the family factors
turn out to have no impact on career choices because the signi cance value between family
factors and career choices is 0.779 in the regression analysis.
15. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1 2 12
5.1.6 Summary of testing the hypotheses
From the analysis, it can be summarized that personal interests are the most in uential factor
in the career choices of the fresh graduates. The second in uential factor is nancial bene ts.
Peer in uences have a negative relationship with career choices.
7 O Results of hypothesis testing
Hypotheses
Standardized
Coe cients
Composite
O O W
Total variance
explained
Beta J Results 0.613
H1: There is a relationship between family
factors and career choices of fresh graduates
Rejected
H2: There is a relationship between personal
interests and career choices of fresh graduates
0.776 HS H
H3: There is a relationship between nancial
bene ts and career choice of fresh graduates
HS H
H4: There is a relationship between peer
in uences and career choices of fresh graduates
HS H
Source: The authors’ calculation
5.2 Discussion of ndings
Relationship between family factors and career choices
Hypothesis H1 is rejected. The result could be explained by several reasons. Firstly, the
Vietnamese spirit is independent, opportunistic, and resilient (World Bank Group, 2016). It
is suggested that Vietnamese younger generation seems to be more independent than before.
They have more tendency to seize new opportunities. They are stronger because they are
impacted by the individualism ideology from Western culture (World Bank Group, 2016).
Therefore, it could be a reason why the fresh graduates have developed their independence
D D H HVV H D S H SD H V
Secondly, fresh graduates might be living on their own because most of the universities
in Vietnam are in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Hence, students must migrate from their
hometowns to the cities to study. This is the reason why their parents’ in uence reduces and
is weaker than other factors. In universities, they gain knowledge from lectures, educators,
their senior colleagues, and social media, which could equip them with a multidimensional
perspective and fully develop their cognitions (Dang, 2017). The ndings of this study show
that family factors have no impact on the career choices of fresh graduates. Most respondents
state that parental advice and guidance exert no impact on them. During the time they learn
and work, they might realize their ability, strengths, and weaknesses, which might not match
with their family expectations. Hence, they seem to be less dependent on their parents and
believe more in their personal opinions when choosing a career.
16. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1
2 12
Lastly, they could nd new opportunities owing to the development of social media and
new jobs, which are not familiar to their parents (Tran and Duong, 2020). For example, there
are growing job opportunities such as in uencer marketers, content creators, and YouTubers,
which are uncommon in the previous generation’s perspective (Nguyen, 2020). The young
generation might feel that it is di cult for them to share their career goals with their parents.
Their parents also do not keep up with their children to understand their career paths (Nguyen,
2020). In this study, the fresh graduates, whose ages range from 21 to 24, have common
characteristics of Generation Z. Gen Z is grown in the era of social media, globalization, and
technological advancement. According to Luttrell and McGrath (2021), Gen Z is tech-savvy,
realistic, individualistic, global-minded, creative, and socially aware. It is understandable
that they are more well-aware than their parents about new trends and job opportunities,
which might become unfamiliar with the perspective of their parents. With individualism,
the fresh graduates might feel more con dent about their choices and choose to follow their
wishes instead of being guided by their family members. Therefore, it could be reasonable
explanations why the fresh graduates majored in business and economics are not in uenced
by their parents.
Relationship between personal interests and career choices
Personal interests have the signi cant and positive relationship with the career choices of the
fresh graduates. This result is consistent with the previous studies (Bojuwoye and Mbanjwa,
2006; Gokuladas, 2010; Lent HW D , 2010; Atitsogbe HW D , 2018; Pablo-Lerchundi HW D
2015; Alexander HW D PH HW D , 2017). People should consider their personal
interests while choosing a job for four reasons. Firstly, people would do better in their elds of
interests (Bojuwoye and Mbanjwa, 2006). Secondly, those who pursue the jobs that align with
their own interests are more likely to succeed (Ahmed HW D , 2017). Thirdly, working in one’s
eld of interests may provide more pleasure and contentment (Hieu HW D , 2021; Atitsogbe HW
D , 2018). Fourthly, people will choose the jobs that bring them joy and t their interests to
avoid exhaustion and depression, as well as maintain the motivation to strive better every day
(Lent HW D , 2010).
Relationship between nancial bene ts and career choices
The hypothesis about therelationship between nancialbene ts and careerchoices is accepted.
This nding is in line with the previous studies (Akosah-Twumasi HW D , 2018, Agarwala,
2008; Al-Abri and Kooli, 2018). Financial bene ts are proved to have the most in uential
impact on career choices. Surprisingly, this study shows that nancial bene ts seem to have
an insigni cant impact on the fresh graduates’ career choices. This result could be explained
by the following reasons.
Firstly, Wust and Simic (2017) point out that high income is of lower importance to young
Croatians than young German because the Croatian society values collectivism. The fresh
graduates of this study also live in Hanoi, whose society is collectivist. Vietnam is a high
collectivism culture (Nguyen, 2018). Therefore, nancial bene ts have a weak relationship
17. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1 2 12
with career choices. Lastly, the combination of the working environment and compensation
policy might in uence the career selection of an employee more. The nancial bene ts are not
a strong factor to encourage the fresh graduates to choose a job.
Relationship between peer in uences and career choices
This hypothesis about the relationship between peer in uences and career choices is accepted.
Thisfactor has a negative impact on career choices.This result suggests that the fresh graduates
enrolled in business and economics seem to be less dependent on peers’ advice and guidance
when choosing a job. According to a study in America byAlika (2010a), for secondary school
adolescents, there is no substantial link between peer group impact and career choices in the
eld of humanities. The research in the United States focused solely on humanities students.
Mtemeri (2020) carries out another study looking at all students in Zimbabwean high schools
and nds that peers have a lower likelihood of in uencing high school students’ job choices.
In addition, Salami (2008) points out that peers could lead to “herding concepts”, in which one
will blindly follow a career path without a profound understanding of this career. Furthermore,
Kaur (2020) shows that in a negative way, peer in uences might lead to indecision among
adolescents. The counselling from peers could make fresh graduates feel more perplexed
about their career choices (Kaur, 2020; Salami, 2008).
6. Conclusion and recommendation
This study has analyzed four factors in uencing career choices among fresh graduates
enrolled in business and economics in Hanoi, which include family factors, personal interests,
nancial bene ts, and peer in uences. Personal interests are found to be the most signi cant
determinant of the career choices among the fresh graduates. Career choices are based on
consideration of the salary and bonuses that companies o er them. The idea that both personal
interests and nancial bene ts are correlated with career choices is consistent and supported
by the previous research. In contrast to the earlier studies, there is no impact of the family
factors on the career choices of the fresh graduates. University students strengthen their
independence and individualism as they must live far away from their family and have other
relationships. Furthermore, they interact with information on the Internet, new social trends
and new job opportunities, which could help them to develop their own perspective and be
less dependent on their parents. Another noticeable point is that peer in uence has a negative
e ect on career choices among fresh graduates, which is in contrast to previous research. To
some extent, this study lls the research gap and lay some foundations for further research on
V S
For fresh graduates, this study is a great guidance to explore themselves more when it comes
to the need of career choices. Firstly, fresh graduates should understand that career choices and
personal interests have a strong and positive relationship. It is suggested that fresh graduates
should listen and discover their interests before considering any career choices. Secondly,
fresh graduates should actively and fully utilize the university time to absorb valuable lectures
and comprehend important knowledge in di erent courses. After graduation, fresh graduates
18. 2 1 2 1 1 21 212 1 1 1
2 12
should be on the cutting edge of contemporary times. Therefore, they should be able to seize
new opportunities, as well as avoid many pitfalls hidden in society today.
For parents, the research points out that family factors have no impact on fresh graduates’
career choices. This might be due to the knowledge gap between the two generations.
Therefore, it is suggested that parents should listen to their children’s wishes and goals instead
of forcing their children to grow up according to their wishes and guidance.
For academic institutions and educators, universities and colleges should implement
courses and programs which strengthen undergraduate’s employability skills and soft skills.
Academic institutions should not only provide students with necessary skills but also o er
them opportunities to analyze their strengths and connect with other people. In addition,
universities should provide career guidance and counseling programs for the students.
For businesses, the study indicates that nancial bene ts have a small impact on career
choices among the fresh graduates. Apart from pro ts, businesses should also be concerned
about other valuable factors. Other factors which could help attract talents from universities
could be organizational culture, businesses’ reputation, and human resource policies of the
company. Therefore, it is recommended that businesses should focus on building sustainable
brand images with numerous positive contributions to employees and the community instead
of focusing solely on nancial bene ts to hire fresh graduates.
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