21. Photographs made using the heliography process required an
exposure time of about eight hours.
The photographic process that only produced one lasting
example in its entire history was the heliograph.
Joseph Niépce is considered the founder of photography
30. The photographic process that required photographers to coat a
glass plate with light-sensitive emulsion in the dark, load and
take the picture, and then immediately develop the image was
wet collodion.
82. During the early 1980s, many magazines and newspapers began to
use digital imaging devices to manipulate photographs.
One of the earliest high-profile instances of digital photo alteration
appeared on the February 1982 cover of National Geographic (top),
which showed a camel train walking in front of the Pyramids of
Giza. Readers weren't informed that the pyramids had been moved
slightly closer together, in order to fit the vertical format of the
cover. No one might have noticed if the photographer, Gordon
Gahan, hadn't complained. It then became a source of major
controversy. Sheila Reaves, a journalism professor at the University
of Wisconsin has speculated that, "The enormity of moving such a
large object brought home to people that you can move a shoulder
or a smile."
Less remarked upon was that the photo was also staged. The camel
train had walked by while Gahan was setting up his equipment. He
paid them to walk by again.
Bottom: another shot of the pyramids from the same photo shoot
by Gahan. In this photo, the pyramids haven't been moved.
http://museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/photo_database/image/the_cas
e_of_the_moving_pyramids/