Ligaya Cordero-Fernando is a Filipino writer and publisher born in 1932 in Manila. She has published several short story collections and books about Philippine culture and society. Throughout her career, she has also worked as a visual artist, fashion designer, playwright, art curator, and producer. The document provides details about her educational background and many professional accomplishments.

2. born on June 4, 1932
a writer and publisher from
the Philippines. She was born
in Manila, has a B.A. from St.
Theresa's College-Manila, and an
M.A. from the Ateneo de Manila
University.

3. has two collections of short stories:
The Butcher, The Baker and The
Candlestick Maker (1962) and A
Wilderness of Sweets(1973). These
books have been compiled and
reissued later as Story
Collection (1994). Another
book, Philippine Food and Life, was
published in 1992.

4. Together with Alfredo Roces,
Cordero-Fernando worked on Filipino
Heritage, a 10-volume study on
Philippine history and culture
published by Lahing Pilipino in 1978.
Afterwards, she founded GCF
Books which published a dozen titles
that deal with various aspects of
Philippine culture and society.

5. Including the ff. books :
Streets of Manila (1977),
Turn of the Century (1978),
Philippine Ancestral Houses (1980),
Being Filipino (1981),
The History of the Burgis (1987),
Folk Architecture (1989), &
The Soul Book (1991)

6. Cordero-Fernando has also worn
numerous other hats as a visual
artist, fashion designer, playwright,
art curator and producer. In
February 2000, she produced Luna:
An Aswang Romance.
In 2001 she produced Pinoy Pop
Culture, the book and the show, for
Bench.

7.  Ms. Noel – English instructor
 Mr. Sawit – new English Supervisor
 Mr. Alava – Superintendent
 Mr.Olbes – Pugad Lawin’s principal
 Mrs. Olbes – wife of Mr. Olbes
 Mrs. Divinagracia – HE instructor
 Mr. Buenaflor – Industrial Arts instructor
 Mr. de Dios – Physics instructor
 Mr. Baz – Nat’l Language instructor
 Ms. Santos – PE instructor
 Mr. del Rosario – Military Tactics
 Leon - student

8.  Pugad Lawin High School
- had made capital of its topography:
rooted on the firm ledge of a hill, the
schoolhouse was accessible by a series of
stone steps carved on the hard face of the
rocks; its west windows looked out on the
misty grandeur of a mountain chain shaped
like a sleeping woman.

9.  INTRODUCTION
The letter announcing the visitation (a
yearly descent upon the school by the
superintendent, the district supervisors and
the division supervisors for "purposes of
inspection and evaluation") had been delivered
in the morning by a sleepy janitor to the
principal. The party was, the attached circular
revealed a hurried glance, now at Pagkabuhay,
would be in Mapili by lunchtime, and barring
typhoons, floods, volcanic eruptions and other
acts of God, would be upon Pugad Lawin by
afternoon.

10.  RISING ACTION
The teaching staff and the student body
had been divided into four working groups. The
first group, composed of Mrs. Divinagracia, the
harassed Home Economics instructor, the
teachers of Group Two had been assigned to
procure the beddings and the dishes to be used
for the supper, "Structuring the Rooms" was the
responsibility of the third group, and the
rowdiest freshman boys composed the fourth
and discriminated group. Under the
stewardship of Miss Noel.

11.  Climax
The visitation turns out well, but ten when
the night came. Mr. Sawit, the new English
Supervisor asked Ms. Noel about the evaluation.
Frankly, Ms. Noel said that it seems all the
visitation were a farce or funny play because the
assessment were like scripted. A visitation
announced a month in advance defeats the
purpose for such an activity, as was clearly shown
in the story. It gives the school administrators the
opportunity to prepare and hide the infirmities of
their respective schools. The results are usually
not reflective of the true status and situation of
the schools because only the good things are
highlighted while the bad things are hidden. The
whole activity boils down to making an impression
and satisfying a group of assessors, who are
treated like gods by flattery and gift-giving.

12.  FALLING ACTION
Ms. Noel realized that those who
sacrifice and dedicate their lives for the
good of the country usually end up getting
nothing and having nothing, it seems that
all those years, she have been a slave of
the administration. In the end, it’s always
the children who will suffer, as she looks to
the eyes of Leon who is very willing to
become a Lawyer someday.

13.  RESOLUTION
At the end of the story, Ms. Noel
determination to teach students still is in her
heart. She knows that, there’s a lot of factors that
the teachers can give to her students. And so,
after breakfast the next morning, the supervisors
packed their belongings and were soon ready. Mr.
Buenaflor fetched a camera and they all posed on
the sunny steps for a souvenir photo: the
superintendent with Mr. and Mrs. Olbes on either
side of him and the minor gods in descending order
on the Home Economics stairs. Miss Noel was late -
but she ran to take her place with pride and
humility on the lowest rung of the school's
hierarchy.

14.  “Determination is worth fulfilling.”
-Though, there are lots of people telling her to
give up teaching for more salary but then her
willingness to teach her students is priceless. She
knows that, for the children to achieve their
dreams, the teachers guidance is very valuable. In
so, Ms. Noel’s determination succeeded.
 “Death of Filipino idealism”
-It shows in the story is about the reality of the
process of death of Filipino idealism in the
administration of public schools. Also,the
difficulties of sustaining one’s interest and
motivation in improving the standards of education
in the country.

15.  “The Filipino’s mentality towards competition”
-The story also exposes the Filipino’s mentality
towards competition. Sometimes one’s pursuit
for personal and professional growth can be
mistaken a threat to another man’s job or
authority. More likely, it would be interpreted
as “showing-off”. It’s like, good people in the
government are usually punished for doing
their jobs, while bad people are rewarded for
doing things other than their jobs.

16. Prepared by:
RENELYN BO
AB ENGLISH 3A