The document discusses two structural challenges in the Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies project: 1) Supporting the curved wall of the VIP lounge, which had an irregular shape and was congested with mechanical, electrical, and plumbing ducts. The solution involved slotted connections to allow for movement. 2) Supporting an ablution walkway and bulkhead above the mosque staircase, in a also very congested area. The solution required coordination with ductwork and bridging between steel members. BIM modeling, analysis software, and fabrication drawings with coordinates were used to solve the challenges.
The document discusses the structural challenges of supporting the irregularly shaped mosque peel at the Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies project. Several proposals were considered to address clashes with MEP ducts and allow construction. The chosen solution used a secondary steel grid hung from the main steel to support horizontal rods and the peel. It required coordinating with other trades and designing connections to prevent movements from affecting the peel. BIM modeling, analysis, and fabrication drawings were crucial tools used.
1) The document discusses the structural challenges of supporting the irregularly shaped mosque ceiling or "peel".
2) Several proposals were considered to support the peel addressing clashes with ducts and walkways, including vertical hangers and building secondary steel grids.
3) The chosen solution was to build secondary steel grids supported by the main steel to form platforms above the peel, ducts, and walkways, using U-bolts and rods to allow for movement.
4) Supporting the irregularly shaped sides of the peel, especially the east side where no other structure existed, also posed challenges addressed through introducing a steel structure on the second floor extending up.
The document provides information about pile foundations and their construction process. It states that pile foundations involve long concrete cylinders that are driven into the ground to support structures built above weak soil layers. It describes the two main types of pile foundations as end bearing piles and friction piles. It then explains the multi-step process of constructing pile foundations which involves casting piles on site, using a pile driver to vertically insert the piles into the ground until refusal.
This document provides general information about the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world located in Dubai. It details the construction process from 2004 to 2009, highlighting stages of construction and contractors. Key details about the design, dimensions, and records set by the Burj Khalifa are presented, such as its 206 floors, 57 elevators, and the highest swimming pool and restaurant in the world.
Burj Khalifa - Design & construction technologiesAkshey Sharma
Introduction, Records, Design concept, Construction technologies, Constructions details, Stages of construction, Comparision with other skyscrapers and Conclusion.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the tallest building in the world at 828 meters tall. It took over 6 years to construct using a jump-forming process where concrete molds are lifted upwards as the concrete sets. Special high-strength concrete that sets quickly was used, poured at night to reduce heat. Its buttressed core structural system and Y-shaped buttresses help support the extremely tall and slender tower. Wind analysis was a major consideration, requiring aerodynamic improvements to reduce vortex shedding effects from winds up to 240 km/hr.
The document summarizes the Burj Khalifa, the tallest man-made structure ever built. It describes some of the challenges in constructing the tower, including excavating deep through weak soil, using reinforced concrete and steel in its structure, and innovations like "kangaroo cranes" to aid rapid construction. The triangular shape and central buttressed core help the tower withstand high winds. Refuge rooms and evacuation systems make it safer than other tall buildings.
The document discusses the structural challenges of supporting the irregularly shaped mosque peel at the Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies project. Several proposals were considered to address clashes with MEP ducts and allow construction. The chosen solution used a secondary steel grid hung from the main steel to support horizontal rods and the peel. It required coordinating with other trades and designing connections to prevent movements from affecting the peel. BIM modeling, analysis, and fabrication drawings were crucial tools used.
1) The document discusses the structural challenges of supporting the irregularly shaped mosque ceiling or "peel".
2) Several proposals were considered to support the peel addressing clashes with ducts and walkways, including vertical hangers and building secondary steel grids.
3) The chosen solution was to build secondary steel grids supported by the main steel to form platforms above the peel, ducts, and walkways, using U-bolts and rods to allow for movement.
4) Supporting the irregularly shaped sides of the peel, especially the east side where no other structure existed, also posed challenges addressed through introducing a steel structure on the second floor extending up.
The document provides information about pile foundations and their construction process. It states that pile foundations involve long concrete cylinders that are driven into the ground to support structures built above weak soil layers. It describes the two main types of pile foundations as end bearing piles and friction piles. It then explains the multi-step process of constructing pile foundations which involves casting piles on site, using a pile driver to vertically insert the piles into the ground until refusal.
This document provides general information about the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world located in Dubai. It details the construction process from 2004 to 2009, highlighting stages of construction and contractors. Key details about the design, dimensions, and records set by the Burj Khalifa are presented, such as its 206 floors, 57 elevators, and the highest swimming pool and restaurant in the world.
Burj Khalifa - Design & construction technologiesAkshey Sharma
Introduction, Records, Design concept, Construction technologies, Constructions details, Stages of construction, Comparision with other skyscrapers and Conclusion.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the tallest building in the world at 828 meters tall. It took over 6 years to construct using a jump-forming process where concrete molds are lifted upwards as the concrete sets. Special high-strength concrete that sets quickly was used, poured at night to reduce heat. Its buttressed core structural system and Y-shaped buttresses help support the extremely tall and slender tower. Wind analysis was a major consideration, requiring aerodynamic improvements to reduce vortex shedding effects from winds up to 240 km/hr.
The document summarizes the Burj Khalifa, the tallest man-made structure ever built. It describes some of the challenges in constructing the tower, including excavating deep through weak soil, using reinforced concrete and steel in its structure, and innovations like "kangaroo cranes" to aid rapid construction. The triangular shape and central buttressed core help the tower withstand high winds. Refuge rooms and evacuation systems make it safer than other tall buildings.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the tallest man-made structure ever built at 829.8 meters tall. It was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill with Adrian Smith as chief architect. Construction began in 2004 and was completed in 2009, involving over 45,000 cubic meters of concrete and 55,000 tons of steel rebar. The Burj Khalifa set numerous height records and received many awards for its innovative engineering and architecture.
The Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi is 160 meters tall and leans 18 degrees to the west, making it the furthest leaning man-made tower in the world. It took two years and 600 laborers to construct the 53,100 square meter building out of reinforced concrete and steel at a cost of $233 million. The unusual leaning structural system uses a central concrete core surrounded by steel diagrid frames and horizontal outriggers to resist wind loads and maintain stability despite its irregular shape.
Mivan shuttering is an aluminum formwork system originally developed in Europe that allows for fast and economical construction of buildings through cast-in-place concrete. It involves erecting large room-sized aluminum forms for walls and slabs that are poured with concrete in a single continuous pour. This results in monolithic structures that require no plastering and can be constructed at a rate of one floor per week. While it has been widely used internationally and offers benefits like reduced costs and timelines, Mivan technology has not been extensively utilized in India but has potential to help achieve goals around affordable housing construction.
The document provides information about Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Construction began in 2004 and was completed in 2009. It was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and the primary contractor was Samsung C&T. The document lists some key facts and records set by Burj Khalifa, such as its height, the highest swimming pool and restaurant, and that it has the highest New Year's fireworks display.
Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel located on an artificial island in Dubai. It is 321 meters tall and has 202 rooms. The hotel took over 6 years to construct at a cost of $650 million. Some key facts about its design and engineering include:
- It is supported by 230 concrete piles that are 40 meters long driven into the sandy soil below.
- The exterior is clad in glass and aluminum and is designed to resemble the sail of a dhow ship.
- The large atrium is spanned by trusses and enclosed by a lightweight fabric sail that is 161,000 square feet in area.
- Structurally, it relies on steel trusses and cross-bracing
The document summarizes information about the Burj Khalifa project in Dubai. It discusses the foundation and construction process of the tower, which holds several world records for height. Some of the major engineering challenges addressed during construction were managing the hot temperatures, high wind speeds, and ensuring the stability of the structure given the weak soil conditions. The goals of the project were to create a landmark building that would symbolize Dubai's ambitions and drive economic growth through increased property values. The tower ultimately achieved international attention and recognition when it was completed in 2010.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the tallest building in the world at 828 meters tall. It was designed by architect Adrian Smith and took over 6 years to build at a cost of $1.5 billion. Some key facts are that it has 163 floors, 57 elevators that can travel 504 meters, and can accommodate 35,000 visitors at a time. Its Y-shaped floor plan maximizes views and its triple-lobed footprint is inspired by Islamic architecture.
Mivan shuttering is a construction technique that uses aluminum formwork to provide strength and durability to buildings. The basic element is aluminum panels of varying sizes joined with a pin wedge system. Reinforcement is placed, then the light aluminum forms are erected to create walls and slabs. Concrete is poured to take the shape of the forms. When removed, the forms leave smooth monolithic structures requiring no plastering. Mivan shuttering allows for faster construction, less labor, and improved earthquake resistance compared to conventional techniques.
The geotechnical report for the Burj Khalifa provided critical information for constructing the foundation of the world's tallest building on weak soil conditions. Extensive testing of 23 boreholes found loose sands and weak stones requiring a deep foundation of 192 bored piles up to 50 meters long and a 3.7 meter thick raft foundation to distribute the building's over 500,000 ton weight. The unique architectural design and Dubai's weak soils presented challenges, but the engineered foundation system ensured less than 3 inches of settlement for the over 800 meter tall landmark.
Rotating tower ( Dynamic Architecture) with Structural design aspectAbdul Rahman
The document discusses architect David Fisher's concept of "dynamic architecture", which involves buildings that can change shape over time. It then summarizes a proposed rotating skyscraper design in Dubai featuring revolving floors that could provide changing views. Various structural design challenges are analyzed, and alternative structural systems are proposed and evaluated. The most promising alternatives maintain the rotating concept while allowing for increased height and floor space.
The document describes the Kajima Cut and Take Down (KC&TD) demolition method developed by Kajima Corporation. The method involves dismantling tall buildings from the bottom up using hydraulic jacks, one floor at a time, inspired by the Japanese toy Daruma Otoshi. Key steps include installing temporary support columns, using hydraulic jacks to lower each floor, and demolishing floors and walls from the ground level. The method generates less dust, noise and risk compared to conventional demolition and allows for higher recycling rates. It was used to dismantle Kajima Corporation's headquarters towers.
The document describes the foundation design for the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the world's tallest building. The foundation system is a piled raft founded on deep deposits of carbonate soils and rocks. Extensive geotechnical investigations and testing were conducted. The tower is supported by 1.5m diameter bored piles 47.5m long, with a 3.7m thick raft at -7.55m. Load testing and analyses showed the piled raft foundation would experience settlements of 45-62mm, meeting tolerances. The foundation design and performance has exceeded expectations.
Mivan formwork is an aluminum alloy formwork system originally developed in Europe. It is now widely manufactured and used in Malaysia. The system uses lightweight aluminum forms to construct concrete walls and slabs in a continuous pour. This allows for fast, accurate construction of buildings at lower cost compared to conventional formwork. Some key advantages include high quality finishes with minimal plastering needed, less construction time per floor, minimal formwork waste, and good seismic resistance due to the box-type construction.
This document provides information about slip formwork construction for chimneys. It begins with an introduction to slip formwork and its use for building tall structures like silos and grain elevators in the early 20th century. It then discusses the process of slip forming involving a moving form that is jacked upwards as concrete is poured in. The document outlines the key steps, components, structural concerns and provides an example case study of slip forming used at the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in India.
The Burj Khalifa project is located in downtown Dubai and includes residential, commercial, and entertainment spaces. At 828 meters tall with 162 floors, Burj Khalifa is the tallest man-made structure ever built and took over 6 years and $1.5 billion to construct. Its Y-shaped design was optimized through extensive wind tunnel testing to withstand high wind loads. An innovative reinforced concrete and steel framework supports the tower above a complex piled foundation system necessary to support its unprecedented height.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai has the following key aspects:
- It is the tallest building in the world at 828 meters tall with 206 floors.
- The design was inspired by the desert flower Hymenocallis and has a triple-lobed footprint.
- Engineering challenges included weak soil, high winds, and Dubai's extreme heat. The building was constructed rapidly through innovative concrete-pumping and formwork techniques.
- Safety features include a reinforced concrete core, evacuation lifts, and pressurized refuge floors.
The document discusses Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It provides details on its name, which comes from Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. Burj Khalifa contains 163 floors and stands 829.8 meters tall. It also holds numerous records as the tallest free-standing structure and for its elevators and outdoor fountain. The document outlines how Burj Khalifa operates as a business through renting apartments and offices and collecting service fees. It attracts visitors and tourists through its observation decks and hopes to expand further through a future theme park development called DubaiLand.
The document discusses Mivan formwork, a versatile aluminum formwork construction technique. Mivan formwork is an aluminum alloy formwork system originally developed in Malaysia. It provides several advantages over conventional formwork including increased construction speed through its reusable panel system, high quality finishes, lower costs, and improved accuracy. While suitable for mass housing and repetitive construction, it also has some limitations such as requiring uniform designs and large project volumes to be cost-effective. Overall, the document presents Mivan formwork as a modern construction method that can help meet demands for efficient and sustainable housing development.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the tallest man-made structure ever built at 829.8 meters tall. It was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill with Adrian Smith as chief architect. Construction began in 2004 and was completed in 2009, involving over 45,000 cubic meters of concrete and 55,000 tons of steel rebar. The Burj Khalifa set numerous height records and received many awards for its innovative engineering and architecture.
The Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi is 160 meters tall and leans 18 degrees to the west, making it the furthest leaning man-made tower in the world. It took two years and 600 laborers to construct the 53,100 square meter building out of reinforced concrete and steel at a cost of $233 million. The unusual leaning structural system uses a central concrete core surrounded by steel diagrid frames and horizontal outriggers to resist wind loads and maintain stability despite its irregular shape.
Mivan shuttering is an aluminum formwork system originally developed in Europe that allows for fast and economical construction of buildings through cast-in-place concrete. It involves erecting large room-sized aluminum forms for walls and slabs that are poured with concrete in a single continuous pour. This results in monolithic structures that require no plastering and can be constructed at a rate of one floor per week. While it has been widely used internationally and offers benefits like reduced costs and timelines, Mivan technology has not been extensively utilized in India but has potential to help achieve goals around affordable housing construction.
The document provides information about Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Construction began in 2004 and was completed in 2009. It was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and the primary contractor was Samsung C&T. The document lists some key facts and records set by Burj Khalifa, such as its height, the highest swimming pool and restaurant, and that it has the highest New Year's fireworks display.
Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel located on an artificial island in Dubai. It is 321 meters tall and has 202 rooms. The hotel took over 6 years to construct at a cost of $650 million. Some key facts about its design and engineering include:
- It is supported by 230 concrete piles that are 40 meters long driven into the sandy soil below.
- The exterior is clad in glass and aluminum and is designed to resemble the sail of a dhow ship.
- The large atrium is spanned by trusses and enclosed by a lightweight fabric sail that is 161,000 square feet in area.
- Structurally, it relies on steel trusses and cross-bracing
The document summarizes information about the Burj Khalifa project in Dubai. It discusses the foundation and construction process of the tower, which holds several world records for height. Some of the major engineering challenges addressed during construction were managing the hot temperatures, high wind speeds, and ensuring the stability of the structure given the weak soil conditions. The goals of the project were to create a landmark building that would symbolize Dubai's ambitions and drive economic growth through increased property values. The tower ultimately achieved international attention and recognition when it was completed in 2010.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the tallest building in the world at 828 meters tall. It was designed by architect Adrian Smith and took over 6 years to build at a cost of $1.5 billion. Some key facts are that it has 163 floors, 57 elevators that can travel 504 meters, and can accommodate 35,000 visitors at a time. Its Y-shaped floor plan maximizes views and its triple-lobed footprint is inspired by Islamic architecture.
Mivan shuttering is a construction technique that uses aluminum formwork to provide strength and durability to buildings. The basic element is aluminum panels of varying sizes joined with a pin wedge system. Reinforcement is placed, then the light aluminum forms are erected to create walls and slabs. Concrete is poured to take the shape of the forms. When removed, the forms leave smooth monolithic structures requiring no plastering. Mivan shuttering allows for faster construction, less labor, and improved earthquake resistance compared to conventional techniques.
The geotechnical report for the Burj Khalifa provided critical information for constructing the foundation of the world's tallest building on weak soil conditions. Extensive testing of 23 boreholes found loose sands and weak stones requiring a deep foundation of 192 bored piles up to 50 meters long and a 3.7 meter thick raft foundation to distribute the building's over 500,000 ton weight. The unique architectural design and Dubai's weak soils presented challenges, but the engineered foundation system ensured less than 3 inches of settlement for the over 800 meter tall landmark.
Rotating tower ( Dynamic Architecture) with Structural design aspectAbdul Rahman
The document discusses architect David Fisher's concept of "dynamic architecture", which involves buildings that can change shape over time. It then summarizes a proposed rotating skyscraper design in Dubai featuring revolving floors that could provide changing views. Various structural design challenges are analyzed, and alternative structural systems are proposed and evaluated. The most promising alternatives maintain the rotating concept while allowing for increased height and floor space.
The document describes the Kajima Cut and Take Down (KC&TD) demolition method developed by Kajima Corporation. The method involves dismantling tall buildings from the bottom up using hydraulic jacks, one floor at a time, inspired by the Japanese toy Daruma Otoshi. Key steps include installing temporary support columns, using hydraulic jacks to lower each floor, and demolishing floors and walls from the ground level. The method generates less dust, noise and risk compared to conventional demolition and allows for higher recycling rates. It was used to dismantle Kajima Corporation's headquarters towers.
The document describes the foundation design for the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the world's tallest building. The foundation system is a piled raft founded on deep deposits of carbonate soils and rocks. Extensive geotechnical investigations and testing were conducted. The tower is supported by 1.5m diameter bored piles 47.5m long, with a 3.7m thick raft at -7.55m. Load testing and analyses showed the piled raft foundation would experience settlements of 45-62mm, meeting tolerances. The foundation design and performance has exceeded expectations.
Mivan formwork is an aluminum alloy formwork system originally developed in Europe. It is now widely manufactured and used in Malaysia. The system uses lightweight aluminum forms to construct concrete walls and slabs in a continuous pour. This allows for fast, accurate construction of buildings at lower cost compared to conventional formwork. Some key advantages include high quality finishes with minimal plastering needed, less construction time per floor, minimal formwork waste, and good seismic resistance due to the box-type construction.
This document provides information about slip formwork construction for chimneys. It begins with an introduction to slip formwork and its use for building tall structures like silos and grain elevators in the early 20th century. It then discusses the process of slip forming involving a moving form that is jacked upwards as concrete is poured in. The document outlines the key steps, components, structural concerns and provides an example case study of slip forming used at the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in India.
The Burj Khalifa project is located in downtown Dubai and includes residential, commercial, and entertainment spaces. At 828 meters tall with 162 floors, Burj Khalifa is the tallest man-made structure ever built and took over 6 years and $1.5 billion to construct. Its Y-shaped design was optimized through extensive wind tunnel testing to withstand high wind loads. An innovative reinforced concrete and steel framework supports the tower above a complex piled foundation system necessary to support its unprecedented height.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai has the following key aspects:
- It is the tallest building in the world at 828 meters tall with 206 floors.
- The design was inspired by the desert flower Hymenocallis and has a triple-lobed footprint.
- Engineering challenges included weak soil, high winds, and Dubai's extreme heat. The building was constructed rapidly through innovative concrete-pumping and formwork techniques.
- Safety features include a reinforced concrete core, evacuation lifts, and pressurized refuge floors.
The document discusses Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It provides details on its name, which comes from Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. Burj Khalifa contains 163 floors and stands 829.8 meters tall. It also holds numerous records as the tallest free-standing structure and for its elevators and outdoor fountain. The document outlines how Burj Khalifa operates as a business through renting apartments and offices and collecting service fees. It attracts visitors and tourists through its observation decks and hopes to expand further through a future theme park development called DubaiLand.
The document discusses Mivan formwork, a versatile aluminum formwork construction technique. Mivan formwork is an aluminum alloy formwork system originally developed in Malaysia. It provides several advantages over conventional formwork including increased construction speed through its reusable panel system, high quality finishes, lower costs, and improved accuracy. While suitable for mass housing and repetitive construction, it also has some limitations such as requiring uniform designs and large project volumes to be cost-effective. Overall, the document presents Mivan formwork as a modern construction method that can help meet demands for efficient and sustainable housing development.
Bab 1 membahas latar belakang pentingnya partisipasi warga negara dalam mempertahankan NKRI. Bab 2 membahas konsep pertahanan negara berdasarkan UUD dan undang-undang terkait, termasuk hak dan kewajiban warga negara untuk ikut serta dalam upaya bela negara. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan berbagai dasar hukum yang mengatur wajib militer dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam mempertahankan negara.
Dokumen tersebut berisi undangan dan pemberitahuan kepada berbagai pihak terkait rencana pelaksanaan kegiatan pengobatan gratis dan bakti sosial oleh Partai Amanat Nasional Kecamatan Pringsewu pada 18 Januari 2009 di Balai Pekon Bumiayu.
Peningkatan Kapasitas, Peran dan Fungsi Anggota DPRD Overview atas Fungsi di ...Dadang Solihin
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang peran dan fungsi DPRD dalam tiga kalimat. Pertama, DPRD berperan sebagai lembaga perwakilan rakyat dan memiliki fungsi legislasi, anggaran, serta pengawasan. Kedua, tantangan bagi DPRD adalah meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dan mengatasi korupsi. Ketiga, orientasi kebijakan DPRD yang efektif adalah dengan memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dan
Teks tersebut membahas berbagai jenis teks berdasarkan konteks dan hubungan logis pada genre. Ada dua jenis teks berdasarkan konteks, yaitu teks faktual seperti deskripsi dan laporan, serta teks non-faktual seperti naratif. Berdasarkan hubungan logis, terdapat genre mikro untuk teks tunggal dan genre makro untuk teks majemuk yang menggabungkan berbagai jenis teks. Teks tersebut juga menjelask
Peraturan Daerah ini mengatur tentang tata cara pembentukan peraturan daerah di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, meliputi perencanaan program legislasi daerah, persiapan rancangan peraturan daerah, pembahasan di DPRD, penetapan oleh gubernur, hingga pengundangan dan penyebarluasan peraturan daerah yang telah ditetapkan.
DEMOKRASI PANCASILAPADA MASA ORDE BARU (PKN XI)Zomed Fhajarr
Orde Baru adalah suatu tatanan seluruh perikehidupan rakyat, bangsa dan negara yang diletakkan kembali kepada pelaksanaan Pancasila dan UUD 1945 secara murni dan konsekuen.
Landasan Orde Baru
Landasan idiil Pancasila
Landasan konstitusional UUD 1945
Latar belakang lahirnya Orde Baru, Lahirnya Orde Baru diawali dengan dikeluarkannya Surat Perintah 11 Maret 1966.
Terjadinya peristiwa Gerakan 30 September 1965
Keadaan perekonomian semakin memburuk dimana inflasi mencapai 600%
Kronologi Jatuhnya Orde Baru
22 Januari 1998 : Melemahnya nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar AS hingga mencapai Rp16.000,00.
10 Maret 1998 : Seoharto kembali terpilih menjadi presiden yang ke-7 kalinya, di damping wakil presiden B.J Habibie.
4 Mei 1998 : Harga bahan bakar minyak naik hingga 71%.
9 Mei 1998 : Presiden Soeharto berangkat ke Kairo, Mesir untuk menghadiri pertemuan negara-negara berkembang.
Faktor-faktor Jatuhnya Orde Baru
Krisis Multidimensi
Krisis Ekonomi
Krisis Politik
Krisis Sosial
Krisis Hukum
Peran Masyarakat
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang wawasan Nusantara yang mencakup latar belakang filosofis, sejarah perkembangan wilayah Indonesia, dan pengertian wawasan Nusantara sebagai kesatuan politik, ekonomi, sosial budaya, dan pertahanan keamanan negara. Wawasan Nusantara didefinisikan sebagai cara pandang dan sikap bangsa Indonesia yang menghargai persatuan dan kebhinekaan dalam mencapai tujuan nasional.
Dokumen tersebut membandingkan dua novel, yaitu "Nyanyi Sunyi di Indragiri" dan "Laskar Pelangi". Kedua novel tersebut memiliki tema yang berbeda, di mana novel pertama mengangkat tema dendam seorang anak akibat penebangan pohon di kampungnya, sedangkan novel kedua mengusung tema semangat anak untuk meraih cita-cita walaupun berasal dari daerah terpencil.
A project report on role of packaging on consumer buying behaviorProjects Kart
This document outlines a thesis that examines the role of packaging on consumer buying behavior. It will study how factors like packaging color, background image, packaging material, font style, design of wrapper, printed information, and innovation impact consumer purchasing decisions. A questionnaire will be used to collect data from 145 consumers in Pakistan. SPSS software will be used to analyze the data and test hypotheses about the relationships between packaging elements as independent variables and consumer buying behavior as the dependent variable. The results aim to provide insights into how packaging influences consumer purchasing and can be improved for marketing success.
42. Tools and Techniques used to solve these items
Techniques
1.First technique to be used “we can do it”
Train your subconscious that you can do it & you can solve the
problem.