Quality Control Introduction

Dr. Mohieddin Moradi
mohieddinmoradi@gmail.com
Dream
Idea
Plan
Implementation
1

2
https://www.slideshare.net/mohieddin.moradi/presentations

− Quality Control Introduction
− EBU EBU.IO/QC Tool
− Item Type: Video
− Item Type: Format
− Item Type : Unassigned
− Item Type: Text Data
− Some Typical QC Products
3
Outline

4
Quality Control
https://www.avartifactatlas.com/

Quality Control
6
https://tech.ebu.ch/qc
− Helps to optimise the use of
automated quality control
systems.
− As the amount of content
continues to increase,
broadcasters are finding it
difficult to keep up with
manual checks.
− As a result, it is important for
broadcasters to look into
automated file-based quality
control systems to cope with
the large amount of content
and the abstract nature of
digital files.

Goals
7
− The topic of Quality Control is part of the EBU's Production Strategic Programme.
− Activities:
• Our QC group helps EBU Members optimise the use of their automated Quality Control systems.
• The EBU.IO/QC tool provides access to hundreds of QC Test Items, each with a detailed description
of a test that can be performed on audio/visual material.
• A public API is available for automated access to the EBU.IO/QC collection.
• Users can also create and export sets of QC Items in Templates using the web GUI.
• Guidance on and best practices for the practical implementation of QC is shared via e.g.
Technical Review articles and the organisation of workshops and seminars.
• Current focus is on:
• Updating existing QC Tests ("maintenance")
• Adding QC Tests for Subtitling/Captioning
• Adding QC Tests for Interoperable Master Format (IMF)
Video I/O Software

Deliverables
8
− Currently the following deliverables are planned for QC (besides normal maintenance).
− Green indicates the deliverable has already been delivered. Note that deliverables are dependent on
enough participation in the work and that the planning is subject to change.
2022
• status_med_12px.png Development of the EBU.IO/QC platform
• status_med_12px.png Addition of QC Tests to EBU.IO/QC
2021
• status_med_12px.png EBU.IO/QC releases (Q1-Q4 2021)
2020
• status_done_12px.png EBU.IO/QC release v4.0 (Q3 2020)
2018
• status_done_12px.png Quality Control Fact Sheet (Q3 2018)
• status_done_12px.png Detailed updates of existing QC Tests (Q4 2018)
2017
• status_done_12px.png Quality Control Fact Sheet (Q3 2017)
• status_done_12px.png Implementation of an API for EBU.IO/QC (Q4 2017)
• status_done_12px.png EBU.IO/QC release v3.0 (Q4 2017)
• status_done_12px.png Exchange of UHD / HDR test files (XAVC) to verify metadata settings (since Q4 2017)*

16
0002B - Analogue Frame Synchronisation Error V3.1

17
− Analogue Frame Synchronisation Errors can occur
• during the analogue tape replay process (e.g. during tape digitisation)
• as part of the analogue video transmission process
• or as a side-effect of improper analogue video editing

18

Description
− Analogue Frame Synchronisation Errors can occur
• during the analogue tape replay process (e.g. during tape digitisation)
• as part of the analogue video transmission process
• or as a side-effect of improper analogue video editing
− They manifest themselves in visual line or field or frame distortions where multiple adjacent lines will
become distorted (often also brightened) all or part of the image will either tear horizontally or shift
vertically (see examples).
− This can occur on a single frame or over a period of time across multiple frames.
− Severe Analogue Frame Sync Errors may cause the whole image to roll vertically.
19

Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall detect
• if the Frame Sync Error disturbance is beyond the specified minimum level of disturbance
• and if it lasts more than the specified minimum duration
− Used in Reports, the system shall report the time intervals longer than specified Minimum Duration and with
Frame Sync Error disturbance beyond the minimum level.
− For each interval the Sync Error disturbance is reported as well.
20

21

Examples
− Input: "MinimumDisturbance" = 10
− Input: "MinimumDuration" = 2 frames
− Output: "CheckResult": false
• CheckResult = false means that at least one time interval longer than MinimumDuration and with a
Frame Sync Error stronger than MinimumDisturbance was found.
− Output: "FrameSyncError": Severity 15 from 10:00:01:10 to 10:00:01:16
− In this example, the output FrameSyncErrorLocation reports two segments.
− Remark: Used as a Check.
22

Examples
− Input: "MinimumDuration" = 3 frames
− Remark: Used as a Report.
• The system reports the time interval longer than the optional Minimum Duration and with a Frame Sync
Error stronger than the optional Minimum Disturbance.
23

0015B - Black Bars V3.0
Description
− Images that to not fill the intended screen (e.g. 4:3 or 16:9).
• A movie designed for a cinema screen will often have black bars at the top and bottom when shown
on a 16:9 television screen.
• A 4:3 archive programme will have black bars left and right when shown on a 16:9 screen.
• Other black bars can be caused by picture shifts caused by timing errors.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall report the presence of black bars in the video essence with size and
duration beyond the specified input thresholds.
• Optionally the system may report time intervals and bar size where thresholds are exceeded.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report a sequence of time intervals where black bars appear regardless
of their size and duration.
25

Examples
− Input: "Bars Type" = both
− Input: "Bars Minimum Size Vertical" = 20 (lines)
− Input: "Bars Minimum Size Horizontal" = 20 (pixels)
− Input: "Bars Frame Minimum Duration" = 25 (video frames)
− Output: "Check Result" = false
− Output: "Bars Segment" = from 00:00:10;00 to 00:00:12;00
"Bar Size Right" = 25
"Bar Size Left" = 25
− Remark: Use as a Check.
• CheckResult = true means that at least one time interval longer than 25 video frames, contains black bars larger than
20 pixels or higher than 20 lines.
• In fact, the optional output BlackBarsSegment shows that two of such intervals were found.
29

Examples
− Input: "Bars Type" = Both
30

0016B - Constant Colour Frames V2.0
31
A specific color or black

Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if the video contains frames which have no active video and
identify full-sized or at least major areas of single coloured frames.
− Optionally the system may report the segments where single coloured frames appear.
− The minimum temporal duration and spatial area that count as a detection are set by the Minimum
Duration and Minimum Area input parameters.
− Used in Reports, the system reports the segments where single coloured frames appear and which colour
they have.
32

33

34

Examples
− Input: "Minimum Duration" = 3 frames
− Input: "Minimum Area" = 90.00%
− Input: "Colour To Check" = #000000
− Input: "Colour Tolerance" = 10.5%
− Output: "Check Result" = true
• CheckResult = true means that no coloured frames (incl. black) were found in the analysed video.
35

Examples
− Input: "Minimum Area" = 90.00 %
− Output: "Coloured Frames Segment" from 10:00:00;00 to 10:00:05;00
--> "Colour Detected" = #000000
--> "Minimum Area" = 91.00 %
--> "Maximum Area" = 100.00 %
− Output: "Coloured Frames Segment" from 10:04:01;00 to 10:04:01;06
--> "Colour Detected" = #DD1100
--> "Minimum Area" = 92.00 %
--> "Maximum Area" = 95.00 %
− Remark: Used as a Report. The system reports the video segments that are single colour frames.
36

0016N - Constant Colour Frames Not Expected V0.3
37

Definition
− System shall detect frames which have no active video and point
out full-sized single coloured frames.
Examples
− 00:01:01:01 - 00:01:03:00 single-coloured frames (blue) detected.
38

39

40

0021B - Flashing Video V2.0.1
41

Definition
− System shall check for segments of video which may be harmful to sufferers of photosensitive epilepsy
(PSE).
− This includes tests for luminance flashes, red flashes and spatial patterning.
References
− UK OFCOM Section 2, Harm and Offence
− ITU-R BT.1702
Examples
− 00:00:29:00 - 00:00:30:03 spatial patterning detected.
42

43

44

0023B - Macroblocking V1.3
Definition
− System shall detect macroblocks that would be visible to the human eye due to one or more of their edges
appearing to disrupt the baseband picture.
− Used as a check. The macroblocking shall be reported if the actual coverage is above the user threshold
"Macroblock Minimum Visible Coverage" and the duration is higher than "Macroblock Minimum Duration".
Examples
− 00:00:00:20 2,4% (39 out of 1620 macroblocks) macroblocks detected
− 00:00:00:21 2,7% (43 out of 1620 macroblocks) macroblocks detected
47

Jerky: making sudden starts and stops and not moving smoothly Judder: Shake and vibrate rapidly and with force
Judder in TV:
• Judder looks like a jerky (characterized by abrupt stops and starts) movement that is not smooth.
• It means jumps, shivering (sliding) and jerkiness (Jerkiness, sometimes called strobing or choppy, describes the
perception of individual still images in a motion picture).
• Judder makes camera movement look stuttered, and is especially noticeable with panning shots.
Judder reasons:
• Judder is an inconsistence time frame (some frames stay on the screen more than other ones)
• Basically if the displacement across the frame is too grate compared to the capture frame rate, judder will cure.
• Judder usually results from “Aliasing” between sampling rates (in recording), display rates and scene motion.
51
Recall: Judder and Jerkiness

0038B - Video Deinterlacing Artefacts V1.0.1
52
− Video deinterlacing artefacts are caused by poor deinterlacing of moving video.

53

Definition
− System shall identify artefacts, caused by poor deinterlacing of moving video.
Examples
− 01:03:03:10 - 01:03:05:23 excessive motion judder artefacts detected.
− 10:12:11:20 - 10:13:20:00 alias artefacts cased by poor field blending
54
Judder: Shake and vibrate rapidly and with force

55

0039B - Digital Tape Dropouts V3.0
56
− Digital video tape dropouts are visible artefacts which occur within the digital tape read process and
manifest themselves when head problems or tape overuse cause the error correction of the VTR to create
short term failures for parts of frames.

57

Description
− Digital video tape dropouts are visible artefacts which occur within the digital tape read process and
manifest themselves when head problems or tape overuse cause the error correction of the VTR to create
short term failures for parts of frames.
− The visual effect is the appearance of impairments, such as
• alternating lines in a block
• duplicated block areas
• arrays of pixels within a block area
• and random portions of blocks with changed luminance or chrominance within one or multiple
consecutive frames
− The appearance of those blocks as well as their spatiotemporal pattern strongly depends on the kind of
tape, such as Digi-BETA, IMX, HDCAM, DV, D1, D2, D3 and D5.
58

Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall check for the presence of visible artefacts caused by digital tape or
player errors.
− Optionally the system may report the total area and the total duration of the artefacts in the video.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report the total area and the total duration of the artefacts in the video.
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Examples
− Input: "Minimum Area" = 0.4%
− Output: "Dropout Area Segment" = 00:00:00:23 - 00:00:00:23 Area: 0.7%
− Output: "Total Duration" = 200 ms
− Remark: Used as a Check
− Output: "Total Duration" = 480 ms
− Remark: Used as a Report
62

− One field must be displayed before the other one and we must specify this order to the output device to avoid confusion.
− The field order specifies whether the field of odd-numbered lines (the upper/top field) or the field of even-numbered lines
(the lower/bottom field) is drawn to screen first.
− For interlaced "Top“ video:
⇒ First, entire upper/top field (odd-numbered lines) is drawn to screen , from top to bottom, in one pass.
• If the upper field is temporally earlier than the lower field then the field order is “upper field first”.
⇒ Next, entire lower/bottom field (even-numbered lines) is drawn to screen, from top to bottom, in one pass.
• If the lower field is temporally earlier than the upper field then the field order is “lower field first”.
63
Recall: Video Field Order
Field 1 Field 2 Field 1 Field 2 Field 1
We must specify the order
to the output device to
show which field first.
Field Order
Upper or Lower Field?
("top")
("bottom")

64
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-_HVAez6Ps
Pay attention to the background.
Recall: Video Field Order

0041B - Video Field Order V2.0
65

66

67

Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall detect the time segments with incorrect field order (different than the
expected value provided in input).
− Optionally it may report the measured field-order and the mismatches.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report the field order over the video timeline.
68

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70

Examples
− Input: "Field Order Expected" = upper field first
− Output: "Field Order Mismatch Segment" = lower field first from 00:00:15:00 to 00:00:27:21
− Output: "Field Order Mismatch Segment" = lower field first from 00:01:24:01 to 00:01:33:21
• CheckResult = false means that the test failed because at least one segment was found with field
order not matching the expected value.
71

Examples
− Input: none
− Output: "Field Order Measurement Segment" = upper field first from 00:00:00:00 to 00:00:14:24
− Output: "Field Order Measurement Segment" = lower field first from 00:00:15:00 to 00:00:27:21
:
:
− Output: "Field Order Measurement Segment" = lower field first from 00:01:33:22 to 00:01:35:21
72

0044B - Video Freeze V1.12
Definition
− Used as Check, the System shall verify if 'frozen' (i.e. non-moving) pictures appear in the video for multiple
adjacent identical (or near-identical) frames.
− Used as Measure, the System shall report where frozen video appear
74

Examples
− Input: "Video Freeze Minimum Duration"= 5 frames
− Input: "Video Freeze Similarity Threshold"= 0.85
− Output: "Check Result"= false
− Output: "Video Freeze Average Similarity" = 0.91 from 01:00:02:00 to 001:00:02:20
− Remark: Used as Check.
• CheckResult false means that the chek failed because at least one frozen segment longer than
MinimumFreezeDuration was found.
75

Examples
− Input: "Video Freeze Minimum Duration"= 5 frames
− Input: "Video Freeze Similarity Threshold"= 0.85
− Remark: Used as Measure.
• The System simply reports the frozen segments longer than MinimumFreezeDuration.
76

0044N - Video Freeze Not Present V0.3
79

Definition
− System shall identify multiple adjacent identical (or near-identical) frames which constitute 'frozen' (i.e.
non-moving) pictures.
80

Examples
− Input: "Minimum Freeze Duration "= 5 Frames
− Input: "Similarity Threshold "= 0.85
− Output: "Freeze Frames"=True
− Output: "Video Freeze Segments":
01:00:02:00 to 001:00:02:20, Average Similarity 0.91
01:00:02:00 to 002:05:03:00, Average Similarity 0.89
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82

83

0047B - Video Noise V2.0
84
− Noise constitutes an unwanted signal that inevitably adds to the useful part of the signal.
− Noise may originate from different sources, e.g. electronic sensor noise, quantisation noise, film grain noise
etc.

Description
− Noise constitutes an unwanted signal that inevitably adds to the useful part of the signal.
− Noise may originate from different sources, e.g. electronic sensor noise, quantisation noise, film grain noise
etc.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall detect video segments showing a noise level that is above a user-defined
threshold.
− Optionally the system may report a video noise level measurement over time.
− Used in Reports, the system shall provide a video noise level measurement over time.
86

References
− [https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3335.pdf EBU Tech 3335]
− Remark: This document gives guidance on noise levels in cameras (provided as guidance).
87

Examples
− Input: "Video Noise Threshold" = 30 dB
− Input: "Video Noise Minimum Segment Duration" = 1 second
− Output: "Video Noise Segment" from 00:00:01:00 to 00:00:02:21
--> "Noise Average" = 32.1 dB
--> "Noise Maximum" = 35 .2 dB
− Remark: Used as a Check. The reported Noise Average of 32.1 dB is beyond the specified threshold.
− Input: "Video Noise Measure Interval" = 5.0 seconds
− Output: "Video Noise Level Measured Over Time" = 29.1 dB 29.2 dB 28.9 dB 28.4 dB 28.6 dB ...
− Remark: Used as a Report. The output is formed by the measured values separated by spaces.
89

0048B - Scanning Type V1.0
Definition: System shall attempt to identify the actual scanning type at baseband level.
Examples: Video appears to be progressive (must be interlaced).
91

0050B - Video Blurriness V2.2
94

95

Definition
− System shall detect video segments whose image content would be perceived as blurry by the viewer.
Examples
− 00:00:01:00 - 00:00:02:26, Blurriness 70% is above threshold 20%
96

97

98

Preferred Min.
Preferred Max.
(Narrow Range)
(White)
(Black)
(super-whites)
(sub-blacks)
System
Bit Depth
Range in Digital sample (Code) Values
Nominal
Video Range
Preferred
Min./Max.
Total Video
Signal Range
8-bit 16-235 5-246 1-254
10-bit 64-940 20-984 4-1019
12-bit 256-3760 80-3936 16-4079
16-bit 4096-60160 1280-62976 256-65279
− Often “Narrow Range” or
“Video Range” is used in
television and
broadcasting.
− Narrow range signals
• may extend below black
(sub-blacks)
• may exceed the nominal
peak values (super-
whites)
• should not exceed the
video data range.
99
This percentage are used just in narrow range.
Extended
Range
EBU R103: Video Signal Tolerance
in Digital Television Systems
Recall: Video Signal Levels

100
Maximum
Gamut
Minimum
Gamut
The maximum (“brightest”)
and minimum (“darkest”)
values of the three
components R, G, B define
“color gamut”.
Recall: Video Signal Levels

0051B - Video Signal Levels V2.0
101

Description
− Video signal errors are often referred to as "gamut" errors but they are a measurement of
• the individual components of the signal
• and any signal that is made from the components (e.g. Luminance created from RGB signals)
− For example, the tolerance allowed by EBU R103 is calculated as ±5% of "Expected Range" in code values.
• For and 8 bit signal, the Expected Range is 16-235.
 The tolerance is therefore 5% of 220 = 11.
 The 8bit minimum is 16 - 11 = code value 5 and the maximum is 235 + 11 = code value 246.
• In the case of a 10 bit signal the Expected Range is 64-940.
 The tolerance ±5% of 877 = 43.8 which is rounded to ± 44.
 The 10bit minimum is 64 - 44 = code value 20 and the maximum is 940 + 44 = code value 984.
102

Definition
− In Checks the system shall check for and may optionally report, video signal values lying outside the
acceptable range.
• That is, the RGB components and the corresponding Luminance (Y) signal should not normally exceed
the users' acceptable range of digital sample levels.
− In Reports the system shall report video signal values lying outside the acceptable range.
• That is, the RGB components and the corresponding Luminance (Y) signal should not normally exceed
the users' acceptable range of digital sample levels.
− PAL/NTSC gamut testing is optional.
103

References
− [https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r103.pdf EBU R 103 v2]
− Remark: EBU R 103 v2 should be used for digital measurements, EBU R 103 v1.1 is still valid for some
analogue operations and measurements.
− [https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r103v1_1.pdf EBU R 103 v1.1]
− Remark: EBU R 103 v1.1 is still valid for some analogue operations and measurements. It is recommended
that EBU R 103 v2 is used for digital measurements.
104

Examples
− Input: "Low Luminance Threshold" = 0%
− Input: "High Luminance Threshold" = 0%
− Input: "Low Chrominance Threshold" = 0%
− Input: "High Chrominance Threshold" = 0%
− Output: "High Luminance Error Segment" from 00:00:00:14 to 00:00:01:00 (113% measured vs. 103% maximum level)
− Input: "Low Luminance Threshold" = 0%
− Input: "High Luminance Threshold" = 0%
− Input: "Low Chrominance Threshold" = 0%
− Input: "High Chrominance Threshold" = 0%
− Output: "Low Chrominance Error Segment" from 00:00:01;14 to 00:00:03;02 (-6% measured vs. -5% minimum level) 105

106

107

0052B - Video Test Pattern Expected V2.0
108
100% White PLUGE
75% Contrast Color Bars
10% Purple Chip
(+Q)
20% Blue Chip
(-I)
0% Black chip 0% Black chip
3.5 IRE 7.5 IRE +11.5 IRE (NTSC)
White
Castellation
Blue
castellation
Cyan
Castellation
Magenta
Castellation
Super-black
"blacker than black“ Setup level
(Black Level)

109

Description
− A test pattern is a short video sequence showing a sequence of (often still) images with particular
characteristics.
− For video experts, test patterns allow to quickly detect problems in a video chain and facilitate calibration,
alignment, and matching of video devices.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall detect whether the expected video test patterns (e.g. bars) appear at
expected temporal intervals, optionally it may report in which temporal intervals the expected test
patterns are detected.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report in which temporal intervals the expected test patterns are
detected.
• This Test Item can be used in conjunction with [EBU QC Test Item 0014B (Test
Tones)](https://ebu.io/qc/items/0014B).
110

References
− EBU Tech 3325
− Remark: Methods for the Measurement of the performance of Studio Monitors
− SMPTE RP 219-2002
− Remark: SMPTE Color Bars
− SMPTE ECR 1-1978
111

Examples
− Input: "Test Pattern Segment Expected" = from 09:59:30:00 to 09:59:40:00
"Test Pattern IDs" = EBU bars 75%
"Minimum Duration" = 2
"Test Pattern IDs" = http://host.domain/TestPatterns/Pattern1.png
− Input: "Matching Confidence Threshold" = 90%
112

Examples
"Test Pattern IDs" = EBU bars 75%, TEST pattern X, http://host.domain/TestPatterns/Pattern1.png
"Minimum Duration" = 2
− Output: "Test Pattern Segment" = from 09:59:30:00 to 09:59:50:00
"Test Pattern ID" = EBU bars 75%
"Confidence Level" = 91%
− Output: "Test Pattern Segment Detected" = from 10:32:00:00 to 10:32:57:00
"Test Pattern Detected" = "TEST pattern X"
113

114

115

0102B - AV Lineup V1.0
116
The system shall check for the
simultaneous existence of test tones and
the existence of video test patterns.

0102B - AV Lineup V1.0
Description
− System shall check for the simultaneous (same location and duration, relative to the start
timecode of the container) existence of test tones (such as BLITS/GLITS/SMPTE tones) as defined
by test 0014B and the existence of video test patterns (as defined by EBU QC Test Item 0052B).
Example
− AV Lineup starts at 09:59:30:00.
− AV Lineup duration is 00:00:20:00..
117

0052BI - Video Test Pattern Not Expected V1.0.2
120

Description
− A test pattern is a short video sequence showing a sequence of (often still) images with
particular characteristics.
− For video experts, test patterns allow to quickly detect problems in a video chain and facilitate
calibration, alignment, and matching of video devices.
Definition
− The system shall detect whether some of the specified video test patterns (e.g. bars) appear
where they are not expected.
− Optionally it may report in which temporal intervals the not expected test patterns are
detected.
121

References
− EBU Tech 3325
− Remark: Methods for the Measurement of the performance of Studio Monitors
− SMPTE RP 219-2002
− SMPTE ECR 1-1978
122

123

124

125
0052B - Video Test Pattern Expected v2.0
0102B - AV Lineup v1.0

Examples
− Input: "Test Pattern Segment" from 11:00:00:00 to 11:00:10:00
"Test Pattern IDs" = Pattern X
"Minimum Duration" = 1.20
− Input: "Matching Confidence Threshold"=70%
− Remark: Example with single interval to check.
126

Examples
"Test Pattern IDs" = EBU bars 75%, EBU bars 100%, https://refsite/TestPatterns/SMPTE_xyz.png
"Test Pattern IDs" = EBU bars 75%
− Output: "Test Pattern Segment": from 11:00:12:00 to 11:00:15:03
"Test Pattern ID" = EBU bars 75%
− Remark: Example with two intervals to check with different lists of test patterns.
127

0053B - Video Upscaling V1.2
128

129

Definition
− System shall check if the image content resolution is significantly below the nominal resolution of the video
storage format used and shall provide temporal location information for where this is the case.
Examples: 00:00:01:00 - 00:00:02:26: upscaled video, resolution 40% is below threshold 70%
130

131

132

VANC VANC
HANC
HANC
Recall: Ancillary (ANC) Data Space in Digital TV
133

0080B - VITC Line Allocation V1.0
134

135

Definition
− System shall detect VITC is present in the prescribed position.
− System shall determine if VITC is present in the active picture area.
References
− SMPTE ST 12M
Examples
− The VITC is found at line 21
− No VITC is found
136

137

0090B - Extraneous Content V1.0
138

Description
− Extraneous content is when additional, unnecessary content is included in the programme.
− This may consist of large sections of black (with silence), slates, colour bars, the SMPTE Leader, 2-pops, or
textless materials.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if there is out of place or out of context material in the programme.
− Optionally the system may report the timecodes and description of the extraneous content.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report the timecodes and description of extraneous content.
139

140

Examples
− Output: "Extraneous Content" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
-> Type = slate
-> Position = full frame
− Output: "Extraneous Content" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
-> Type = slate
-> Position = full frame
141

0091B - Conversion Lag V1.0
142

Description
− "Conversion lag" or "Standards conversion lag" is an artifact generated by converting a segment of video
from one frame rate to another.
− It looks like images 'catching up with themselves', often caused by 3:2 pull-down.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for conversion motion lagging.
− Optionally, the system may report timecodes of where lag occurs.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecodes of where lag occurs.
143

144

Examples
− Output: "Conversion Lag Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Conversion Lag Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
145

Recall: Video Cadence
146
− Cadence: A regular repeated pattern of movement or sound
− Video Cadence: The pattern of video fields that create a net frame rate lower than the video frame rate
that carries them.
− Film originated content may be packed into interlaced standards to map source frames to interlaced
fields. ⇒ In this case, the interlaced standard's content is described as having a film cadence.

0096B - Video Cadence V1.0
147

Definition
− System shall recognize conversion from 23.976 fps to 29.97 fps.
148

149

0099B - Conversion Error - Unsteadiness V1.0
150
The shaking of an image due to unintended camera movement, unnatural camera movement, or image re-
positioning.

151

Description
− "Unsteadiness" is the shaking of an image due to unintended camera movement, unnatural camera
movement, or image re-positioning.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if the video contains unsteadiness.
− Optionally it may report the time locations of the detected unsteadiness.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report the time locations of the detected unsteadiness.
152

153

Examples
− Output: "Unsteadiness Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Unsteadiness Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
154

155
Recall: Crushed Black (Crushing Black)

– A common term in film referring to depth of detail in shadow
and the exact point at which detail falls off into an inky (dark),
detail-less void (completely empty).
– Collapsing picture information into the signal clipping that
occurs a small distance below the black level.
The Zone Scale
Everything below Zone 3 is crushed into Zone 0,
while still maintaining separation through the middle
zones and a very high key outside the window. 156
Recall: Crushed Black (Crushing Black)

Crushing the black
Washing out the black
Washed-out or blooming
Washed-out Black Tones
• Washing out the black tones into grays
Washed-out White Tones (Blooming)
– It is due to white compression, that is gray scale in the white portion is lost on an LCD monitor (If the
contrast is too high, washed-out pictures occur and degrade the resolution (details))
157
Recall: Washed-out Black and White Tones

0100B - Low Level Detail Loss V1.0
158
− Loss of detail in low levels is the adverse effect in which the image luminance levels are "crushed" to
black, causing dark portions of image to solidify in value.

159

Description
− Loss of detail in low levels is the adverse effect in which the image luminance levels are "crushed" to
black, causing dark portions of image to solidify in value.
− Image quality is degraded by the loss of detail, negatively impacting the customer experience and
technical soundness of the programme, although sometimes creative intent.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for low level detail loss.
− Optionally, the system may report timecodes of where the detail loss appears.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report timecodes of where the detail loss appears.
160

161

Examples
− Output: "Detail Loss Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Detail Loss Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
162

0101B - Video Clipping V1.2.1
163
− The clipped or sliced high lights that are either at or below the maximum signal level.

164

Definition
− System shall check for clipped or sliced high lights that are either at or below the maximum signal level.
165

166

167
Flicker
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBYzqI-fnHE

0103B - Luminance Flicker V1.0
168
"Luminance flicker" refers
to a rapid changing of
luminance in an image.

Description
− "Luminance flicker" refers to a rapid changing of luminance in an image.
− Luminance flicker impacts the technical and content quality of the asset.
− Customer experience will be adversely affected if the flicker causes on screen elements to be obscured or
it distracts from the action on screen.
− This issue may be in a programme as creative intent. Any video derived from this asset will contain
luminance flicker.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for luminance flicker.
− Optionally, the system may report timecodes for where luminance flicker is detected.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report timecodes for where luminance flicker is detected.
169

170

Examples
− Output: "Luminance Flicker Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Luminance Flicker Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
171

0111B - Luminance Shift V1.0
172
− "Luminance shift" refers to a change in luminance within a shot or scene, where no on-screen motivation
supports the change.

173

Description
− "Luminance shift" refers to a change in luminance within a shot or scene, where no on-screen motivation
supports the change.
− Luminance shifts impact the technical and content quality of the asset.
− Customer experience will be negatively affected if the luminance of the piece shifts so greatly that it is
either too bright or too dark to gather plot-pertinent information.
− This may be creative intent, although context clues should point to this.
− Any video created from this asset will contain luminance shifts.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review the content for luminance shifts within the same shot.
− Optionally, the system may report timecodes of where luminance shifts occur.
− Used in reports, the system shall report the timecodes of where luminance shifts occur.
174

Examples
− Output: "Luminance Shift Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Luminance Shift Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
175

176

0121B - Image Shape Error V1.0.1
177

Definition
− System shall confirm that the image is the correct shape.
Examples
− Horizontal squeeze (tall and thin); Vertical squash (short and fat)
178

179

0128B - Short Shot V1.2
Definition
− System shall detect unintentional single frames or shots shorter than a regulator or broadcaster permits.
Examples
− Shot at HRS:MIN:SEC:FRM has a duration equal to or less than input Short Shot Threshold value
181

0129B - Black Levels Shift V1.0
183
− A shift in black levels is a change in minimum luminance value mid scene, shot or asset level.
Active or Visible Line Interval
(Vision)
12 µs 52 µs
4.7 µs
Horizontal
Blanking
Interval
700 mV
H-sync
-300 mV
0 mV
Pedestal/Master Black

184

Description
− A shift in black levels is a change in minimum luminance value mid scene, shot or asset level.
− Black level shifts impact the technical and content quality of the asset.
− The overall look of the scene or shot will not be consistent with the intended look of the programme, thus
not fulfilling the creative vision of the producers.
− Customer experience will also be negatively affected as the look and tone of a shot may flash with a
change, jarring them out of a seamless viewing experience.
− This is rarely creative intent. Any video derived from this asset will contain a Shift in Black Levels.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for shifts in black levels.
− Optionally, the system may report timecodes of black error shifts.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report timecodes of black error shifts.
185

186

Examples
− Output: "Black Levels Shift Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Black Levels Shift Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
187

0130B - Camera Bump V1.0
188
− Camera bump is the unintended movement of the image due to operator error or camera support
movement.

Description
− Camera bump is the unintended movement of the image due to operator error or camera support
movement.
− A camera bump can serve as a distracting element during a viewer's experience, not typically creative
intent, these are usually remnants from a camera movement in scene.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for camera bumps.
− Optionally, the system may report timecodes of where camera bumps are detected.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report timecodes of where camera bumps are detected.
190

Examples
− Output: "Camera Bump Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Camera Bump Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
192

0143B - Textless Elements V1.0.1
193

Definition
− System shall confirm textless elements are present and their
location in the programme file.
194

195

0144B - Textless Slate V1.0.1
196

Definition
− System shall check for the presence and format of a Clean
Slate element in a programme when required by the
broadcaster or distribution company.
197

198

Moire Pattern on Some Fabrics
199
− The term moiré is a French word that appears to have originated with weavers, who first noticed what
appeared to be interference patterns visible on some fabrics.
− The root of the word is from the word mohair, a cloth made from Angora goat hairs.
Angora: a cat, goat, or rabbit of a long-haired breed

− Figure shows two identical periodic patterns of equally
spaced vertical bars, rotated in opposite directions and then
superimposed on each other by multiplying the two images.
− A Moiré pattern, caused by a breakup of the periodicity, is
seen as a 2-D sinusoidal (aliased) waveform (which looks like
a corrugated tin roof) running in a vertical direction.
− The effect of aliased frequencies can be seen under the
right conditions in the form Moiré patterns
− When a function is periodic, it may be sampled at a rate
equal to or exceeding twice its highest frequency and it is
possible to recover the function from its samples if the
sampling captures exactly an integer number of periods of
the function. This special case allows us to illustrate vividly the
Moiré effect.
Aliasing and Moire Pattern
200
Under critically sampling Under under-sampling
Aliased Frequencies: the Leakage of high frequency
component of the signal into low frequency domain.

− The sampling grid in the center section is a 2-D representation of the impulse train.
− In the grid, the little white squares correspond to the location of the impulses (where the image is
sampled) and black represents the separation between samples.
− Superimposing the sampling grid on an image is analogous to multiplying the image by an impulse train.
− All three digitized regions exhibit aliasing to some degree (dramatically different)
Spatial Aliasing in 2-D Signals
201

− The sampling grid in the center section is a 2-D representation of the impulse train.
− In the grid, the little white squares correspond to the location of the impulses (where the image is
sampled) and black represents the separation between samples.
− Superimposing the sampling grid on an image is analogous to multiplying the image by an impulse train.
− All three digitized regions exhibit aliasing to some degree (dramatically different)
Spatial Aliasing in 2-D Signals
• Some mild jaggedness
around the edges
• Additional stripes (of lower
frequency) appear in the
digitized section, and
these stripes are rotated
significantly with respect
to the direction of the
stripes in the continuous
region.
• These stripes are an alias
of a totally different signal.
• The jaggedness increases as the frequency
of the region increases to the mid-range. 202

0148B - Visual Aliasing V1.0.1
203
− Visual artifact caused by the limited spatial sampling of a resolved image, often referred to as "jaggies".

204

Description
− Visual artifact caused by the limited spatial sampling of a resolved image, often referred to as "jaggies".
− Visual edges appear to shift sharply and not in a smooth gradient.
− Typically caused by linear elements not being captured accurately due to by-product of sensor bayer
pattern, or scaling of elements with repetitive linear elements that cannot be properly resolved at the
desired image resolution.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if the video contains material which aliases within content.
− Optionally it may report the relevant location(s).
− Used in Reports, the system reports the location(s) of material with aliasing content.
205

206

Examples
− Output: "Aliasing Location" = aliasing in top-left quarter of image at 00:10:00:10
− Output: "Aliasing Location" = aliasing in top-left quarter of image at 00:10:00:10
207

0149B - Color Mismatch V1.0.1
208
− Colour mismatch is the adverse effect in which the expected or reasonable colour levels appear
inadvertently altered from surrounding reference shots.

209

Description
− Colour mismatch is the adverse effect in which the expected or reasonable colour levels appear
inadvertently altered from surrounding reference shots.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if the video contains material which colour does not match similar
content.
− Optionally it reports the relevant location(s).
− Used in Reports, the system reports the location(s) of material with colour mismatching.
210

Examples
− 00:02:00:15 - 00:02:02:30 Mismatched Colour Segment
− 00:02:00:15 - 00:02:02:30 Mismatched Colour Segment
211

212

213

0167B - Visible Production Equipment V2.0
214

215

Description
− The adverse effect of stabilization where the frame compensation causes objects on screen to shift in an
unnatural way.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if the visible image contains significantly noticeable post-
production produced spatial adjustments to correct for camera instability.
− The system may optionally report the times of the most significant warped content.
− Used in Reports, the system reports the timecode of the significant warped content.
216

217

Examples
− Output: "Warped Content Segment" = 10:00:01;00 - 10:00:02;00
218

0168B - Stabilization Error V1.1
219
unnatural way.

220

Description
unnatural way.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if the visible image contains significantly noticeable post-production
produced spatial adjustments to correct for camera instability.
− The system may optionally report the times of the most significant warped content.
− Used in Reports, the system reports the timecode of the significant warped content.
221

222

Examples
− Output: "Warped Content Segment" = 10:00:01;00 - 10:00:02;00
223

0171B - Continuity Error V1.0
224
− "Continuity error" is the difference of placement or articulation of an on-screen character or object's
appearance, or audio treatment, causing a visual jump cut or noticeable sound mismatch.

225

Description
− "Continuity error" is the difference of placement or articulation of an on-screen character or object's
appearance, or audio treatment, causing a visual jump cut or noticeable sound mismatch.
− Continuity errors impact the content quality of the asset.
− Customer experience is negatively impacted by the distracting difference in performance or location of
an onscreen character or object.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for continuity errors.
− Optionally, the system may report timecodes at which continuity errors exist.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report timecodes at which continuity errors exist.
226

227

Examples
− Output: "Continuity Error" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Continuity Error" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
228

0172B - Animation Error V1.0
229

Description
− "Animation Error" is any mistreatment or corruption of an intended visual element.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for animation errors.
− For each error found it may report the related timecodes and position of the error.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecode(s) in which error exists and the position in the frame of the
error.
230

231

Examples
− Output: "Animation Error Location" = from 00:00:10;00 to 00:00:12;00, top right part of frame
− Output: "Animation Error Location" = from 00:00:10;00 to 00:00:12;00, top right part of frame
232

0173B - Bad Video Edit V1.0
233

Description
− Bad Edit refers to a rapid signal drop off or an incomplete transitional effect.
− Bad edits impact the content quality of an asset.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for bad edits.
− Shot cuts abruptly and without logical need, or incorrect shots or frames appear out of sequence.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecode(s) at which bad edits occurs.
234

235

Examples
− Output: "Bad Edit Segment" = from 00:00:10;00 to 00:00:12;00
236

0174B - Concealment Error V1.0
237
− "Concealment Error" is the obvious or improperly implemented cover up of an underlying issue.

238

Description
− "Concealment Error" is the obvious or improperly implemented cover up of an underlying issue.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if the visible image contains significantly noticeable concealment
errors.
− It may optionally report the timecodes of the errors.
− Used in Reports, the system reports the timecodes of the concealment error.
239

240

Examples
− Output: "Concealment Error Segment" = from 00:00:10;00 to 00:00:12;00
241

0175B - Compositing Errors V1.0
242
− "Compositing Error" is the adverse effect when visual effects inadvertently affect the presentation of
characters or on screen objects.

243

Description
− "Compositing Error" is the adverse effect when visual effects inadvertently affect the presentation of
characters or on screen objects.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall check for and optionally report compositing errors.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report the compositing errors.
244

245

Examples
− Output: "Compositing Error Position" = from 00:00:10;00 to 00:00:12;00, top left
− Output: "Compositing Error Position" = from 00:00:10;00 to 00:00:12;00, top left
246

0176B - Chroma Contamination V1.0
247

Description
− Chroma Contamination is the improper bleeding of colour values adjacent to each other in the frame,
causing the intended colour value to shift.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for chroma contamination.
− Optionally it may report the time location and position of the contamination in the frame.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report timecode(s) at which chroma contamination exists and the position
in the frame.
248

249

Examples
− Output: "Chroma Contamination Segment" from 00:00:30;00 to 00:30:05;00, SpatialRegion
xywh=pixel:160,120,320,240
xywh=pixel:1020,460,300,140
xywh=percent:50,50,50,50
xywh=percent:50,50,50,50
− Remark: Used as a Report. Note the Spatial Region here refers to the bottom-right quadrant of the image.
250

0178B - Frame Edge Shading V1.0
251

Description
− "Frame Edge Shading" is the unintentional darkening of one or more edges of the frame.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall identify unintentional darkening of edges.
− Optionally the system may report the timecodes of the frame shading.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report the timecodes of the frame shading.
Examples
− Output: "Frame Edge Shading Segment” = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Frame Edge Shading Segment” = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
252

253

0197B - Burned In Subtitles V1.0
254
− “Burned In Subtitles” refers to any subtitle text that is baked into the video master.

255

Description
− “Burned In Subtitles” refers to any subtitle text that is baked into the video master.
Definition
− In Checks, the system shall check for subtitles that are burned into the video.
− Optionally the system may report the location (time) of the subtitles detected.
− In Reports, the system shall report the location (time) of the subtitles detected.
Examples
− Output: "Subtitles Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Subtitles Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
256

257

0198B - Frame Blanking Shift V1.0
258

Description
− "Blanking shift" is the intermittent horizontal and/or vertical shift of the active image.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for shifts of the active image.
− Optionally, it may report timecode(s) at which shifts occur.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecode(s) at which shifts occur.
Examples
− Output: "Blanking Shift" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Blanking Shift" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
259

260

0199B - Ghosting V1.0
261
− "Ghosting" is a visual artifact within a set of frames that exposes background information through
foreground objects.
− Ghosting may also be present in digital media when frame rates are not properly converted.

Description
− "Ghosting" is a visual artifact within a set of frames that exposes background information through
foreground objects.
− The term ghosting is commonly used for the effect that high contrast vertical edges appear horizontally
shifted as additional, lower contrast "ghost edges" overlaying the original picture content transparently.
− Ghosting may also be present in digital media when frame rates are not properly converted.
− Customer experience is negatively affected as on screen motion or visual elements are harder to see or
obscured completely due to ghosting.
− In most situations it is the result of faulty frame rate conversion software or hardware. It rarely is creative
intent.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if the video contains material with ghosting within content.
− Used in Reports, the system reports the location(s) of material with ghosting content.
263

Examples
− Output: "Ghosting Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00
− Output: "Ghosting Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00
265

0203B - Combing V1.0
266
− In progressive content “Combing” is an interlacing artifact which may result from an incorrect frame rate
conversion or from incorrect 3/2 pull-down removal that does not fully remove interlaced frames.

Description
− In progressive content “Combing” is an interlacing artifact which may result from an incorrect frame rate
conversion or from incorrect 3/2 pull-down removal that does not fully remove interlaced frames.
− In this case Combing is a very visible issue that is exacerbated by motion on screen.
− This creates a very poor customer experience, as the eye is drawn to the object edges on screen and the
viewer is removed from the story.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if the video contains material which shows combing.
− Optionally, the system may report the location(s) of the combing detected.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report the location(s) of material showing combing.
268

Examples
− Output: "Combing Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00
− Output: "Combing Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00
270

0253B - Disparity Map Validation V0.7
271

Definition
− The estimated disparity maps should be validated before further using since there can be estimation errors.
Examples
− Output: Valid disparity L2R = 0.75
− Output: Valid disparity R2L = 0.71
272

− Remark: An example estimated disparity map for the left view to the right view. Pixel value 255 is set to
infinity. 128 is for virtual screen. 0 denotes unknown disparity.
273

− Remark: An example estimated disparity map for the right view to the left view. Pixel value 255 is set to
infinity. 128 is for virtual screen. 0 denotes unknown disparity.
274

− Remark: An example validated disparity map for the left view to the right view with error tolerance 1 pixel
considering the clipping problem from floating to integer values.
275

− Remark: An example validated disparity map for the right view to the left view with error tolerance 1 pixel
considering the clipping problem from floating to integer values.
276

277

278

0254B - Sharpness Mismatch Between Stereoscopic Pairs V0.6
279

Definition
− System should check the sharpness mismatch between stereoscopic pairs.
Examples
− Probability of Sharpness Mismatch = 0.456
− Remark: The estimated probability score of sharpness mismatch of the given two example views.
280

− Remark: An example original left view
281

− Remark: An example blurred right view by a Gaussian low-pass filter with standard deviation 2.5
282

− Remark: Corresponding estimated disparity map between sharpness mismatched views from the left view
to the right view with a large error tolerance
283

− Remark: Corresponding estimated disparity map between sharpness mismatched views from the right
view to the left view with a large error tolerance
284

285

0255B - Vertical Misalignment V0.10
286

Definition
− System shall check the vertical alignment of stereoscopic pairs
References
− ITU-R. BT.2021
287

− Remark: The example frame is downgraded from 1920 x 1080 to 960 x 540
288

289

290

Examples
− Input value: Video vertical misalignment relative incremental time point = 0
− Input value: Video vertical misalignment duration = 10
− Optional input: Tolerance Vertical Misalignment = 5 pixels
− Output value: Vertical misalignment detected = true
− Optional output value: Vertical misalignment value = {-8, -7, 4}
− Optional output value: Vertical misalignment time point = {5, 6, 8}
291

0256B - Color Mismatch Analysis V0.9
292

293

Definition
− System shall check color mismatch
between the stereoscopic views.
References
− ITU-R. BT.2021, CIE76
294

295

296

Examples
− Input value: Video relative incremental time point = 0
− Input value: Video duration = 20
− Output value: Mean color mismatch score = 0.02
− Output value: Variance of color mismatch score = 0.00035
− Optional output value: Max. color mismatch score = 0.045
− Optional output value: Max. color mismatch time points = {2, 3}
− Optional output value: Min. color mismatch score = 0.0
− Optional output value: Min. color mismatch time points = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
297

0257B - Stereoscopic Window Violation V0.16
298

Definition
− System shall check the presence of a stereoscopic window violation in a stereoscopic pair.
− A stereoscopic window violation arises, when part of an object is cut off by the frame left or right border
while being in front of the screen.
References
− B. Mendiburu, 3D movie making. Stereoscopic digital cinema from script to screen. Focal Press, 2009.
− Delis, S., Nikolaidis, N., & Pitas, I. Automatic 3D defects identification in stereoscopic videos. In IEEE ICIP 2013
(pp. 2227-2231).
299

300
Examples
− Remark: Example of left stereoscopic violation.
− Remark: Example of right stereoscopic violation.

301

0258B - Bent Window Effect V0.14
302

Definition
− System shall check the presence of a bent window effect in a stereoscopic pair.
− Such an effect arises, when an object that is displayed in front of the screen is being cut-off by both the top
and bottom edges of the frame.
− This makes the screen look bent towards the viewer.
References
− B. Mendiburu, 3D movie making. Stereoscopic digital cinema from script to screen. Focal Press, 2009.
− Delis, S., Nikolaidis, N., & Pitas, I. (2013, June). Automatic detection of depth jump cuts and bent window
effects in stereoscopic videos. In IVMSP Workshop, 2013 IEEE 11th (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
303

Examples
− Remark: Bent window effect caused by a thin object (road pole).
304

305

0259B - Depth Jump Cut V0.17
306

Definition
− System shall check the presence of a depth jump cut between two consecutive shots.
− A depth jump cut arises, when the depth of two consecutive shots does not match in terms of depth.
References
− B. Mendiburu, 3D movie making.
− Stereoscopic digital cinema from script to screen. Focal Press, 2009.
− Delis, S., Nikolaidis, N., & Pitas, I. Automatic detection of depth jump cuts and bent window effects in
stereoscopic videos. In IEEE IVMSP Workshop, 2013 (pp. 1-4).
307

Examples
− Remark: An example
of depth jump cut.
− Remark: An example
of depth jump cut.
308

309

Stereoscopic Views
0265B - Reflection Mismatch v0.7.1:
− System shall check for the presence of reflection mismatch on shiny objects, between the stereoscopic views.
− References: ITU-R BT.2021, ITU-R BT.2160-3, Technicolor Certifi3D
0266B - Contamination v0.7.1
− System shall check for the presence of dust, water, dirt or other particles in one of the stereoscopic views.
0267B - Synchronization Mismatch v0.9.1
− System shall check for the presence of temporal desynchronization, between the stereoscopic views.
0268B - Full Reverse Stereo v0.5.1
− System shall check for the presence of swapped stereoscopic views.
0269B - Edge Mismatch v0.6.1:
− System shall check for the presence of content mismatch between the stereoscopic views, along the left or right frame edges of
the stereo-pair. The addition of "floating window" vertical black bars is a possible reason for the presence of this defect.
311

0272B - Black Frames Report V1.0
312

Definition
− Only used in Reports, where the system reports where the black segments appear (including their
duration).
Examples
− Output: "Black Frames Segment" from 10:00:00:00 to 10:00:05:00
− Output: "Black Frames Segment" from 10:04:01:00 to 10:04:01:06
− Remark: Used as a Report. The system reports the video segments that are black frames.
313

314

0276B - Visible Frame Edge V1.0
315
− The artifact of manipulating the frame in such a way that the active image no longer reaches the
expected frame/matte edge

316

Description
− The artifact of manipulating the frame in such a way that the active image no longer reaches the
expected frame/matte edge
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for locations where the active image does not extend to
the expected edge or matte.
− Optionally it may report the timecode(s) and the location in the frame of the visible frame edge.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report the timecode(s) where a visible frame edge occurs and the
location within the frame of the visible frame edge.
317

318

Examples
− Output: "Frame Edge Location" = 00:30:03:00 - 00:30:05:00, top frame edge
− Output: "Frame Edge Location" = 00:33:04:00 - 00:33:05:00, bottom frame edge
319

0277B - Visible Matte Edge V1.0
320
− Visible Matte Edge is incomplete matte of an object layer causing the image to leave the frame before
reaching the active image edge.

321

Description
− Visible Matte Edge is incomplete matte of an object layer causing the image to leave the frame before
reaching the active image edge.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if visible matte edges are present.
− Optionally the system may report the location (time) and position (in the frame) of the visible matte edges.
− Used in Reports, the system reports the timecodes and location of the visible matte edges.
322

323

Examples
− Output: "Visible Matte Edge Position" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00, top right
− Output: "Visible Matte Edge Position" = from 00:33:03;00 to 00:33:03;00, top left
− Output: "Visible Matte Edge Position" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00, top left
324

Recall: Quantization (Bit Depth)
𝑩 = 𝟖 𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔 → 𝟐𝟖
× 𝟐𝟖
× 𝟐𝟖
= 𝟏𝟔. 𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒔
𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔 → 𝟐𝟏𝟎
× 𝟐𝟏𝟎
× 𝟐𝟏𝟎
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟕 𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒔
325

0278B - Banding V1.0
326
− "Banding" is the artifact of a low fidelity colour depth resulting in noticeable jumps in the graduation from
one colour to another.

Description
− "Banding" is the artifact of a low fidelity colour depth resulting in noticeable jumps in the graduation from
one colour to another.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall verify if the video contains material which contains banding within
content.
− Used in Reports, the system reports the location(s) of material with banding content.
328

Examples
− Output: "Banding" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00, top right
330

0280B - Censorship V1.0
Description
− "Censorship" refers to any edit made to the video or audio content of an asset to conceal anything that
may be offensive or illegal to broadcast.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for censored content.
− Items to detect include, profanities that have been bleeped or dropped out, blurred or pixelated body
parts and gestures.
− Optionally the system may report timecodes where the censorship occurs.
− Used in Reports, the system shall report timecodes of where the censorship occurs.
332

0280B - Censorship V1.0
Examples
− Output: "Censorship Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Censorship Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
334

0282B - Overlaid Text V1.0
335

Description
− This Test refers to text identification overlaid onto the final image.
− It can be used for any kind of overlaid reference text, such as file names, shot numbers, or timecode burn
ins.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for visible overlaid reference text, such as file names, shot
numbers, or timecode burn ins.
− Optionally it may report the time location of the overlay.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecode(s) in which overlaid reference text is visible.
336

337

Examples
− Output: "Overlaid Text Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Overlaid Text Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
338

0283B - DSR V1.0
Description
− "Dust, Scratches, and Residue" left in content that has been produced by the film capture and post
production process.
− Scratches, dust and other filmic artifacts can impact the visual quality and technical soundness of a file.
− Sometimes these elements are introduced creatively, other times they are remnants of image processing
or correction.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for dust, scratches, and residue.
− Optionally the system may report timecodes for where errors exist and the location in the frame of the
error.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecodes for where errors exist and the location in the frame of the
error.
340

0283B - DSR V1.0
Examples
− Output: "DSR Segment" from 00:00:30;00 to 00:30:05;00, SpatialRegion xywh=pixel:160,120,320,240
− Output: "DSR Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00, SpatialRegion xywh=pixel:1020,460,300,140
− Output: "DSR Segment" from 00:00:30;00 to 00:30:05;00, SpatialRegion xywh=percent:0,0,50,50
− Output: "DSR Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00, SpatialRegion xywh=percent:50,50,50,50
− Remark: Used a as Report. Note this example shows DSR detected in the upper-left, respectively lower-right
quadrant of the image.
342

– Flare is caused by numerous diffused (scattered) reflections of the incoming light within the camera lens.
– This results in the black level of each red, green, and blue channel being raised, and/or inaccurate color
balance between the three channels.
343
R channel G channel B channel
Inaccuracy of color in darker regions of the grayscale
Pedestal level balance incorrect due to the flare effect (B
channel pedestal higher than R channel and G channel)
Recall: Lens Flare

Volt
Volt
H
H
CCD Imager WF Monitor
Iris
Ideal Lens
Real Lens
344

CCD Imager WF Monitor
Iris
H
H
Ideal Lens
Real Lens
Volt
Volt
345

0284B - Lens Flare V1.0
Description
− Lens Flare is the refraction of light through a camera lens, causing visual artifacts to be visible and
recorded.
− Lens flares impact the content quality of the asset.
− Customer experience is negatively affected should the lens flares be so severe that on screen information
is obscured or un-watchable.
− This may be creative intent, depending on the wishes of the producers. Any video derived from this asset
will contain Lens Flare.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for the presence of lens flares.
− Optionally, the system may report timecodes at which errors exist and the position in the frame of the error.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecodes at which errors exist and the position in the frame of the
error.
347

0284B - Lens Flare V1.0
Examples
− Output: "Lens Flare Segment" from 00:00:30;00 to 00:30:05;00, SpatialRegion xywh=pixel:160,120,320,240
− Output: "Lens Flare Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00, SpatialRegion xywh=pixel:1020,460,300,140
− Output: "Lens Flare Segment" from 00:00:30;00 to 00:30:05;00, SpatialRegion xywh=percent:0,0,50,50
− Output: "Lens Flare Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00, SpatialRegion xywh=percent:50,50,50,50
− Remark: Used as a Report. Note: the region information refers to the top-left and bottom-right quadrant of
the screen, respectively.
349

0285B - Lens Smudge V1.0
350
− "Lens Smudge" is dirt, oil, debris, etc. physically on the camera lens that is visible in the captured image.

Description
− "Lens Smudge" is dirt, oil, debris, etc. physically on the camera lens that is visible in the captured image.
− Lens Smudge impacts the content quality of the asset.
− Customer experience will be negatively affected if the incurred Lens Smudge is large and severe enough
to obscure on screen action.
− This issue is rarely creative intent and is a result of dirty equipment during production. Any video derived
from this asset will contain Lens Smudge.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for the presence of lens smudge.
− Optionally, the system may report timecodes at which errors exist and the position in the frame of the error.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecodes at which errors exist and the position in the frame of the
error.
352

Examples
− Output: "Lens Smudge Segment" from 00:00:30;00 to 00:30:05;00, SpatialRegion xywh=percent:0,0,50,50
− Output: "Lens Smudge Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00, SpatialRegion xywh=percent:50,50,50,50
− Remark: Used as a Check. Note: the region information refers to the top-left and bottom-right quadrant of
− Output: "Lens Smudge Segment" from 00:00:30;00 to 00:30:05;00, SpatialRegion xywh=pixel:160,120,320,240
− Output: "Lens Smudge Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00, SpatialRegion xywh=pixel:1020,460,300,140
354

Standard Dynamic Range
High Dynamic Range
(More Vivid, More Detail)
Recall: Standard and High Dynamic Range
355
Benefits: Shadow detail, handling indoor
and outdoor scenes simultaneously,
wider color volume, the ability for more
accurate rendering of highlights,…

0286B - SDR Issue V0.0.8
Description
− "SDR Issue" is the catch all flag for flagging possible Standard Dynamic Range issues, as derived from
metadata of a High Dynamic Range master.
− The technical soundness of a source hinges on a problematic implementation of the HDR Process, the
derived Standard Dynamic range elements are unpresentable and would impact the customer
experience in a negative way if unresolved.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for SDR issues.
− Optionally, the system may report timecode(s) at which error exists.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecode(s) at which error exists.
357

0286B - SDR Issue V0.0.8
Examples
− Output: "SDR Issue Detected" = 10:00:01;00 - 10:00:02;00
− Output: "SDR Issue Detected" = 10:00:01;00 - 10:00:02;00
359

0287B - HDR Issue V0.0.7
Description
− "HDR Issue" is the catch all flag for flagging possible High Dynamic Range issues.
− The Technical soundness of a source hinges on a problematic implementation of the HDR Process, streams
are typically not derivable from a mezzanine containing a HDR issue, and would impact the customer
experience in a negative way if unresolved.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for HDR Issues.
− Optionally, the system may report timecode(s) at which the issue(s) was/were detected.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecodes at which issue(s) exist.
361

0287B - HDR Issue V0.0.7
Examples
− Output: "HDR Issue Detected" = 10:00:01;00 - 10:00:02;00
− Output: "HDR Issue Detected" = 10:00:01;00 - 10:00:02;00
363

0288B - Negative Stain V1.0
364
− Stain: a colored patch or dirty mark that is difficult to remove.
− Negative Stain is an artifact that appears as the inverse of an expected on screen appearance.
− Similar to a pixel error, the appearance is typically unintended and can act as a distraction pulling
attention away from the focus of the programme.

365

Description
− Negative Stain is an artifact that appears as the inverse of an expected on screen appearance.
− Similar to a pixel error, the appearance is typically unintended and can act as a distraction pulling
attention away from the focus of the programme.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for negative stains.
− Optionally the system may report timecodes at which the error exists and the position in the frame of the
error.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecodes at which error exists and the position in the frame of the
error.
366

367

Examples
− Output: "Negative Stain Segment" from 00:00:30;00 to 00:30:05;00, SpatialRegion xywh=percent:0,0,50,50
− Output: "Negative Stain Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00, SpatialRegion xywh=percent:50,50,50,50
− Remark: Used as a Check. Note: the region information refers to the top-left and bottom-right quadrant of
− Output: "Negative Stain Segment" from 00:00:30;00 to 00:30:05;00, SpatialRegion
xywh=pixel:160,120,320,240
− Output: "Negative Stain Segment" from 00:00:34;00 to 00:34:11;00, SpatialRegion
xywh=pixel:1020,460,300,140
368

0289B - Incorrect Asset / Title V1.0
369

Description
− "Incorrect Title" refers to an asset that does not have the correct title in programme, or was delivered to the
wrong title request.
− An incorrect title creates confusion over what the intended programme is, and can create a sequencing
issue in episodic content.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for incorrect asset/ title.
− Optionally, the system may report the timecodes at which the issue was detected.
− Used in Reports, the system reports the timecodes at which the issue was detected.
370

371

Examples
− Output: "Incorrect Title Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
− Output: "Incorrect Title Segment" = from 00:30:03;00 to 00:32:03;00
372

0291B - Video Artifact V0.0.12
− Remark: Courtesy Netflix
373
An extraneous
element in the
captured image

374

Description
− Video Artifact is an extraneous element in the captured image, typically generated in an analog video
signal.
− A distracting artifact that may draw the attention of a viewer away from the point of focus.
Definition
− Used in Checks, the system shall review content for video artifacts.
− Optionally, the system may report timecodes at which the artifact(s) exist(s) and the location in the frame
of the error.
− Used in Reports, the system reports timecodes at which the artifact(s) exist(s) and the location in the frame
of the error.
375

376

0292B - Pixel Error V1.0
− Remark: Dead pixel (courtesy Netflix).
377
One or several pixels in a frame will not
display the correct captured information.

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