Vida varga refers to a special preparation used in Rasashastra to aid in the digestion of metals and minerals processed with mercury. It includes dravyas like ksharas, amlas, khanijas, mutras, and lavanas that are used in the deepana samskara or preliminary processing of mercury. The varga helps increase the appetite and digestion of mercury. Some key dravyas mentioned are yavakshara, amlavetasa, gandhaka, gomutra, and pancha lavana. Vida varga dravyas are utilized in various stages of mercury processing like shodhana, jarana, and dravana to help extract essences and

1. VIDA VARGA
DR AJITH KUMAR
Final year P.G Scholar
Dept of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana
KLE Shri B.M.Kankanavadi Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya,
Belagavi

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Definition
• Reference
• List of dravyas
• Utility in Rasashastra
• Discussion
• Conclusion
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3. INTRODUCTION
• According to Rasaratna samuchaya Vida varga is mentioned in
Paribhasha prakarana 8th chapter.
• In order to digest the grasa put into the parada, a special kind of
preparation is mentioned which is called as Vida.
• Vida is the special procedure for Parada, which creates hunger in
parada.
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4. DEFINITION
 क्षारैरम्लैश्च गन्धाद्यैर्मूत्रैश्च पटुभिस्तथा ।
रसग्रासस्य जीर्ाूथं तभिडं पररकीभतूतर्् ।। RRS 8/83 ।।
• By using Kshara, amlas, khanijas, mutra etc dravyas which helps in
digestion of grasa put in the parada , is a special preparation called as
Vida.
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5.  पारवतस्य चाशास्य कपोतस्य कपाभिन:ll
गृद्रस्य क
ु क्क
ु टास्यापी भवभनभदूष्टो ही भवड गर्:ll ( RRS 10/81)
• Vit varga includes Paravata, chasha, kapotha, kapalina, gridra, kukkuta.
• It is being utilized in Sarvaloha shodhana.
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6. REFERENCE
RASA RATNA SAMUCCHAYA 8TH CHAPTER 83rd SHLOKA
RASA RATNA SAMUCCHAYA 10TH CHAPTER 81st SHLOKA
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7. LIST OF DRAVYAS
1) Kshara varga Eg-Yava kshara
2) Amla varga Eg- Jambira
3) Khanija varga Eg- Gandhaka
4) Mutra varga Eg- Gomutra
5) Lavana varga Eg- Pancha lavana
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8. KSHARA VARGA
• DERIVATION - क्षरभत इभत क्षारः। (sa.ka.dr)
• DERIVATION तत्र क्षरर्ात् क्षर्नाद्वा क्षारः। (Su.Su ११/४)
• DEFINITON - भित्त्वाऽऽ शयात् क्षारः क्षरत्वात् क्षारयत्यधः।(Ch.Chi ५/५८)
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9. DEFINITION
 Shabda kalpa druma explains that it is derived from the root word “char”
which means to move.
 In Amara kosha ,kshara is used in sense of kacha. Kacha is the root word
meaning to fasten or to shine. And kshara also considered as ash.
 Acharya sushruta has defined the drug which has the characteristics of
kshana or ksharana literally means which destroys fleshy mass either
healthy or unhealthy.
 Acharya charaka says kshara is one which scrapes abnormal tissues from
its location and destroys it after dissolving it,because or if its corrosive
nature
 Acharya sushruta considered it as superior in shastra and anu sastras
because of its incising, excising & scraping actions & Tridosha hara
property
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10. GENERAL PROPERTIES
• Ras
• Guna- Soumya, tikshna, agneya
• Veerya- Ushna
• Varna- Sukla
• Doshagna- Tridoshahara
• Saveeryata avadhi- 5 years
• Anupana- Madhu, jala as kshara is mutrala, dahakaraka, lekhana
• Matra- 2-4 ratti (250mg-1000mg)
• Karma- Dahana, pachana, darana, vilayana, shodana, ropana, shoshana.
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11. TYPES OF KSHARA
1) Sarja kshara
2) Yava kshara
3) Tankana kshara
4) Surya kshara
• Yavakshara is most commonly used in Deepana samskara of Parada.
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12. YAVA KSHARA PREPARATION
Panchanga of yava collected Dried under hot sun Burned to bhasma
Mix with asta guna jala and kept for overnight
Next day filtered for 7 times
Filtrate is kept in tivra agni and dried
Pandura prabha yava kshara
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13. UTILITY OF KSHARA VARGA
• Parada samanya shodana: During samanya shodana (General purification)
of parada, parada is triturated with Nagavallli patra rasa (Betel leaf), Ardraka
rasa(Wet ginger) and Kshara traya (Sarja kshara, yavakshara and tankana
kshara) for 3 days.
• Parada samskara: In Deepana samskara of Parada, Tankana kshara is used.
• Parada kshara bhanda: In Kshara bhanda of Parada, kshara dravyas are
used.
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14. UTILITY
• Ksharas are included in different vargas:
 Ksharas are separately grouped in one Varga called kshara varga,
which includes - Sarja kshara, yava kshara, Tankana kshara and Surya
kshara.
 Even with kshara, different groups are made as such, dwikshara,
trikshara, kshara panchaka and ksharastaka.
 Kshara is important drug in Dravaka gana and Mitrapanchaka.
(Metal liquefying drugs)
 Vida varga includes kshara.
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15. AMLA VARGA
• Amla varga has been mentioned in paribhasha of many Rasagranthas.
• Amla varga dravyas and their probable action on the metals and
minerals are very important in pharmaceutical field.
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16. AMLA VARGA DRAVYAS
1. Amlavetasa 13. Rasapatrika
2. Jambira 14. Karavanda
3. Nimbuka
4. Bijapuraka
5. Changeri
6. Chanakamla
7. Amlika
8. Kola
9. Dadima
10. Ambashta
11. Tintideekam
12. Naranga
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17. UTILITY OF AMLAVARGA
• Among amlavarga dravyas chanakamla and amlavetasa are consider to be the
drugs of choice for shodhana, jarana and dravana of rasas.
• Amla varga dravya contains phala which are citrous in nature, patra which are
amla rasa.
• These dravyas contains organic acids like citric acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid,
acidic acid and many more.
• The acids also act on the raw materials and help in reduction of their particle size
in the end product.
• The reduced particle size may also increase the rate of absorption of the drug.
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18. MUTRA VARGA
• According to Charaka acharya, Based on the origin of the substances, Mutra is one
of jangama dravya.
• According to Astanga hridya sutra sthana chapter 1
Mutra is one among the Trimala, though it is a waste product of the body , mutra
has many medicinal properties.
• In mutra varga, the properties and the therapeutic use of mutra of various animals
are mentioned.
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19. TYPES OF MUTRA
 According to charaka,
• AJA MUTRA
• GO MUTRA
• MAHISA MUTRA
• HASTI MUTRA
• USTRA MUTRA
• HAYA / ASWA/ VAJI MUTRA
• GARDABHA/ KHARA MUTRA
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20. SAMANYA GUNA OF MUTRA
• According to Caraka samhita
• Rasa- Katu, lavana
• Guna- Tikshna, ushna, aruksha
• Doshaghna- Vatanulomana, kapha shamana
• Dravya prayoga- Utsadana, asthapana, swedana, pariseka, alepana,
virechana, upanaha.
• Properties- Deepaniya, vishaghna, krimighna.
• Therapeutic action- Anaha, arsha, kushta, pandu roga, kilasa, udara
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21. GOMUTRA
• Gomutra is most commonly used dravya in Rasashastra.
• It is having wide range of therapeutic property in Rasashastra.
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22. PROPERTIES OF GOMUTRA
• Rasa - Madhura
• Guna - Kinchit ushna
• Virya - Ushna
• Doshaghnata - Tridosha shamaka
• Rogaghnata - Krimi, kushta
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23. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COWS URINE
• Water – 95%
• Urea – 2.5%
• Minerals, Salts, Hormones, Enzymes – 2.5%
• Specific gravity ranging from 1.025- 1.045.
• pH ranges -7.4 to 8.4.
• Chemical components – Hipuric acid, salt, NaCl, Vit B, copper,
nitrogen, uric acid, lactose, calcium, potassium etc.
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24. UTILITY OF GOMUTRA
• Cow urine distillate - bio enhancer of activities of commonly used
antibiotics, anti fungal, anti cancer drugs.
• Dhattura processed with go mutra resulted in 70 to 90% of
hyosciamine and scopolamine content reduced almost to zero.
• This may be due to extraction of toxic alkaloid by alkaline nature of
gomutra
• During the dattura shodhana,gomutra which was light yellow had
changed into dark in colour which indicates that some of constituents
of dhattura were transferred to gomutra.
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25. KHANIJA
• Rasaratna samuchayakara included khanija dravya in Vida varga.
• Named as
1. Gandhaka
2. Haratala
3. Manashila
4. Kaseesa
5. Ambara
6. Sphatika
7. Kankushta
8. Kampillaka
 Among these Gandhaka is Most commonly used khanija dravyas in Deepana
samskara of parada.
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26. LAVANA VARGA
Lavana, in general is called as Salt.
It is an essential component of diet.
It is beneficial to body if used in small quantity.
Lavana is associated with Ushna and Tikshna, Anatiguru and
Anatisnigdha properties.
It is Upakledi (deliquescent), Visransansamartha (capable of
producing laxative effect) and Annadravyarucikara (increase taste of
food).
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27. PANCHA LAVANA
1) Saindhava lavana
2) Sauvarchala lavana
3) Vida lavana
4) Samudra lavana
5) Romaka lavana
 These lavanas comes under Vidavarga.
 It is Most commonly used Lavanas in Deepana samskara of Parada.
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28. APPLICATION OF VIDA IN PARADA SAMSKARA
• Permutation and combination of dravyas which enhances the properties of parada.
• The Vida renders/increase the potency of parada.
• It is also used in parada jarana samskara.
For example- Swarna, Swarna makshika, abhraka bhasma,
rajata bhasma satwa jaranartha karma.
• To extract the essences from above mentioned bhasmas Vida varga is used.
• It increases or it induces tha Bhubukshikarana of parada (increases the appetite).
• It also helps to increase Bhakshana or Grasana property to Parada.
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29. DISCUSSION
• A wide range of reference are there for kshara in classics for both internal and
external application.
• Herbs used for extraction mostly are tikta-katu rasa pradhana, ushna virya, katu
vipaka, vata-kapha hara. Tiksnata of kshara can be maintained by adding suitable
prativapa dravyas.
• Amla vargas are organic acids which cleanses (purifies) the respective
metal/mineral and also introduces trace elements in them so that the end product
formed is completely bio-assimilable.
• These acids may also introduce more brittle property while processing so that the
Bhasma of the metal/mineral forms at a faster rate.
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30. DISCUSSION
• We get different references about different types of Lavana in
different classics. Among the Pancha Lavanas, Saindhava Lavana
is most useful both for medicinal purpose and for consumption
among all varieties of Salt, but Sauvarchala Lavana is listed first
because of its most agreeable taste. But Souvarchala Lavana comes
only after Saindhava in order of prior.
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31. CONCLUSION
• Wide range of usage can be seen in Rasashastra.
• There is no much research article on vidavarga.
• Permutation and combination of dravyas which enhances the properties of parada.
• Amla varga is an important entity of Rasashastra.
• Nearly all metals /minerals have to be processed with acidic media.
• Pancha Lavana are mainly used in medicinal purposes.
• The names of five varieties of Lavana included in Pancha Lavana group, varies
from text to text.
• Gomutra has been used many number of times for various purpose,along with it
other mutras like nara mutra,ashva mutra and aja mutra also used.
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