This document discusses conservation efforts for the endangered western chimpanzee subspecies in Sierra Leone through education. The Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary has implemented a conservation education program including sensitization campaigns using materials like billboards, posters, radio spots, and house-to-house visits during the Ebola outbreak. A survey before the campaign found most people were unaware of chimpanzee conservation laws while attitudes towards chimpanzees were overwhelmingly negative. The goal of education is to increase awareness, promote positive attitudes, and encourage protective actions for chimpanzees and their habitat over the short, mid, and long term. Evaluation of the program's results requires monitoring changes in human behaviors and attitudes over time.
Human-bat interactions and diseases: transmission risks in GhanaNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu of the University of Ghana at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Social dimensions of zoonoses in interdisciplinary researchNaomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Hayley MacGregor of the Institute of Development Studies, UK, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, 17-18 March 2016.
Pre-empting the emergence of zoonoses by understanding their socio-ecologyNaomi Marks
Keynote presentation by Dr Peter Daqszak, President, EcoHealth Alliance, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Chemoecological Management of Malaria MosquitoesSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa” held in September, 2010.
The Parity Rate of Indoor-Resting Adult Female Anopheles and Culex Mosquitoes...IJEAB
A study on the parity rate of indoor-resting Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes and their implication in disease transmission was carried out in Nnamdi Azikiwe University female hostel between June and July 2016. The mosquitoes were sampled weekly from 24 randomly selected rooms using pyrethrum knock-down collection (P.K.C). A total of 516 mosquitoes comprising of 4 species: Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex annulioris, were collected during the study period. The mosquitoes were examined for their abdominal gradings/gonotrophic stages and dissected for parity determination. Culex quinquefasciatus (61.43%) constituted the most abundant species followed by Anopheles gambiae (30.04%) and Anopheles funestus (7.56%) and the least being Culex annulioris (0.97%). Results showed that majority of the vector species were fed and parous and variations among the parity rates of the 4 species was significant (P <0.05). The high rate of the fed and parous mosquito species is of utmost concern in the hostel environment and therefore control measures aimed at eliminating the breeding sites and reducing its contact with the students should be embraced and practiced so as to minimize disease transmission among the students.
Human-bat interactions and diseases: transmission risks in GhanaNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu of the University of Ghana at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Social dimensions of zoonoses in interdisciplinary researchNaomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Hayley MacGregor of the Institute of Development Studies, UK, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, 17-18 March 2016.
Pre-empting the emergence of zoonoses by understanding their socio-ecologyNaomi Marks
Keynote presentation by Dr Peter Daqszak, President, EcoHealth Alliance, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Chemoecological Management of Malaria MosquitoesSIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa” held in September, 2010.
The Parity Rate of Indoor-Resting Adult Female Anopheles and Culex Mosquitoes...IJEAB
A study on the parity rate of indoor-resting Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes and their implication in disease transmission was carried out in Nnamdi Azikiwe University female hostel between June and July 2016. The mosquitoes were sampled weekly from 24 randomly selected rooms using pyrethrum knock-down collection (P.K.C). A total of 516 mosquitoes comprising of 4 species: Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex annulioris, were collected during the study period. The mosquitoes were examined for their abdominal gradings/gonotrophic stages and dissected for parity determination. Culex quinquefasciatus (61.43%) constituted the most abundant species followed by Anopheles gambiae (30.04%) and Anopheles funestus (7.56%) and the least being Culex annulioris (0.97%). Results showed that majority of the vector species were fed and parous and variations among the parity rates of the 4 species was significant (P <0.05). The high rate of the fed and parous mosquito species is of utmost concern in the hostel environment and therefore control measures aimed at eliminating the breeding sites and reducing its contact with the students should be embraced and practiced so as to minimize disease transmission among the students.
A mathematical model to eliminate malaria by breaking the life cycle of anopheles mosquito using copepods at larva stage and tadpoles at pupa stage was derived aimed at eradicating anopheles pupa mosquito by introduction of natural enemies “copepods and tadpoles” (an organism that eats up mosquito at larva and pupa stage respectively). The model equations were derived using the model parameters and variables. The stability analysis of the free equilibrium states was analyzed using equilibrium points of Beltrami and Diekmann’s conditions for stability analysis of steady state. We observed that the model free equilibrium state is stable which implies that the equilibrium point or steady state is stable and the stability of the model means, there will not be anopheles adult mosquito in our society for malaria transmission. The ideas of Beltrami’s and Diekmann conditions revealed that the determinant and trace of the Jacobian matrix were greater than zero and less than zero respectively implying that the model disease free equilibrium state is stable. Hence, the number of larva that transforms to pupa is almost zero while the pupa that develop to adult is zero meaning the life-cycle is broken at the larva and pupa stages with the introduction of natural enemy. Maple was used for the symbolic and numerical solutions.
Spatial analysis and risk factors of human toxoplasmosis at special province ...ILRI
Presented by Wayan T. Artama. Sujono, Dyah Ayu Widiasih, Tjut Sugandawati Djohan, Pande Made Kutanegara, Adhiheru Sutomo, Dewa Ayu Sri Laksmi and Fihiruddin at the Ecohealth 2012 conference held at Kunming, China on 15-18 October 2012
Irrigation and the risk of Rift Valley fever transmission - a case study from...Naomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Bernard Bett of the International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
This is an introduction to the agro-ecology of malaria, with specific focus on Uganda, presented Jan-28, 2013 at IFPRI to as a graduate colloquium for the South Dakota State University.
Patches, Tsetse and Livelihoods in the Zambezi Valley, ZimbabweNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Vupenyu Dzingirai of the University of Zimbabwe at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Seroprevalence, molecular detection and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii inf...ILRI
Poster prepared by Timothy Wachira, Joshua Onono, Amos Mwasi, Awo Ibrahim, Gabriel Aboge, Cristina Ballesteros and Pablo Alarcon for the Kenya One Health Online Conference, 6-8 December 2021
The Real World: One Health - zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeingNaomi Marks
Opening keynote presentation by Professor Jeremy Farrar, Director, Wellcome Trust, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interacti...ILRI
Presentation by Grace, D., Pfeiffer, D., Kock, R., Rushton, J., Mutua, F., McDermott, J. and Jones, B. 2011. A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interactions: Preliminary findings. Presentation at the 1st International One Health Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 14-16 February 2011.
Land use, biodiversity changes and the risk of zoonotic diseases: Findings fr...ILRI
Presented by B. Bett, M. Said, R. Sang, S. Bukachi, J. Lindahl, S. Wanyoike, E. Ontiri, I. Njeru, J. Karanja, F. Wanyoike, D. Mbotha and D. Grace at the 49th Kenya Veterinary Association annual scientific conference, Busia, Kenya, 22-25 April 2015.
Relations between pathogens, hosts and environmentEFSA EU
Presentation of the EFSA's second scientific conference, held on 14-16 October 2015 in Milan, Italy.
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING ISSUES IN ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
A mathematical model to eliminate malaria by breaking the life cycle of anopheles mosquito using copepods at larva stage and tadpoles at pupa stage was derived aimed at eradicating anopheles pupa mosquito by introduction of natural enemies “copepods and tadpoles” (an organism that eats up mosquito at larva and pupa stage respectively). The model equations were derived using the model parameters and variables. The stability analysis of the free equilibrium states was analyzed using equilibrium points of Beltrami and Diekmann’s conditions for stability analysis of steady state. We observed that the model free equilibrium state is stable which implies that the equilibrium point or steady state is stable and the stability of the model means, there will not be anopheles adult mosquito in our society for malaria transmission. The ideas of Beltrami’s and Diekmann conditions revealed that the determinant and trace of the Jacobian matrix were greater than zero and less than zero respectively implying that the model disease free equilibrium state is stable. Hence, the number of larva that transforms to pupa is almost zero while the pupa that develop to adult is zero meaning the life-cycle is broken at the larva and pupa stages with the introduction of natural enemy. Maple was used for the symbolic and numerical solutions.
Spatial analysis and risk factors of human toxoplasmosis at special province ...ILRI
Presented by Wayan T. Artama. Sujono, Dyah Ayu Widiasih, Tjut Sugandawati Djohan, Pande Made Kutanegara, Adhiheru Sutomo, Dewa Ayu Sri Laksmi and Fihiruddin at the Ecohealth 2012 conference held at Kunming, China on 15-18 October 2012
Irrigation and the risk of Rift Valley fever transmission - a case study from...Naomi Marks
Presentation by Dr Bernard Bett of the International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
This is an introduction to the agro-ecology of malaria, with specific focus on Uganda, presented Jan-28, 2013 at IFPRI to as a graduate colloquium for the South Dakota State University.
Patches, Tsetse and Livelihoods in the Zambezi Valley, ZimbabweNaomi Marks
Presentation by Professor Vupenyu Dzingirai of the University of Zimbabwe at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
Seroprevalence, molecular detection and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii inf...ILRI
Poster prepared by Timothy Wachira, Joshua Onono, Amos Mwasi, Awo Ibrahim, Gabriel Aboge, Cristina Ballesteros and Pablo Alarcon for the Kenya One Health Online Conference, 6-8 December 2021
The Real World: One Health - zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeingNaomi Marks
Opening keynote presentation by Professor Jeremy Farrar, Director, Wellcome Trust, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interacti...ILRI
Presentation by Grace, D., Pfeiffer, D., Kock, R., Rushton, J., Mutua, F., McDermott, J. and Jones, B. 2011. A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interactions: Preliminary findings. Presentation at the 1st International One Health Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 14-16 February 2011.
Land use, biodiversity changes and the risk of zoonotic diseases: Findings fr...ILRI
Presented by B. Bett, M. Said, R. Sang, S. Bukachi, J. Lindahl, S. Wanyoike, E. Ontiri, I. Njeru, J. Karanja, F. Wanyoike, D. Mbotha and D. Grace at the 49th Kenya Veterinary Association annual scientific conference, Busia, Kenya, 22-25 April 2015.
Relations between pathogens, hosts and environmentEFSA EU
Presentation of the EFSA's second scientific conference, held on 14-16 October 2015 in Milan, Italy.
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING ISSUES IN ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
The Assessment of Human-Snake Interaction and its Outcome in the City of KumbaAI Publications
Throughout history humans have had an uneasy relationship with serpents. Snakes are animals that fascinate many people while frightening others, good or bad, most people have strong feelings about snakes, but few people remain neutral. Most human-snake interactions had lead to the destruction of snakes due to human inability to control fear and panic. The indiscriminate killing of snakes for presumed human safety has drastically reduced the population of many snake species to the level of extirpation. The objective of this, however, is to examine the human interaction with snakes in city of Kumba. To get this survey done, a total number of two hundred and fifty questionnaires were administered to a randomly selected population sample in the study area. The results of the survey revealed that the prevention of snake attacks and the opinion of people on snake population management is significantly related (X2 = 11.069 df=4, P<0.05).The importance of snakes and their medical need for snake venom has showed a significant agreement (X2 = 12.045 df=2, P<0.05). Also, the prevention of snake attacks and the area snakes are easily sighted showed a significant association (X2 = 29.205 df=4, P<0.05). In addition, there is a significant link between the snake-bite treatment and its prevention (R2 = 0.312, P<0.05). Moreso, a respondent score of 39.30% is recorded upon the knowledge of venomous snakes. Furthermore, the study recorded a respondent score of 39.30% on the preferable use of traditional treatment on snake-bite victim than the expected medical treatment (31.84%), creating an understanding that the people of Kumba are still very much dependent on the ancient methods of treating snake-bite victims. The Kumba city dwellers need education on the snake behaviour, venomous and non venomous species around their area and the ecological and medical importance of snakes.
Knowledge, Attitudes and perceptions of the local people towards the conserva...AI Publications
Local attitudes and perceptions are important concepts toward wildlife conservation. The success of chimpanzee conservation relies on the perceptions and the willingness of the local population to contribute towards its conservation. This study evaluates the knowledge, attitude and perception of local communities towards chimpanzee conservation in the Tofala Hill Wildlife Sanctuary (THWS) in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Structured questions based on a questionnaire (open and close ended questions), Focus group discussion and Participatory rapid Appraisal tools and techniques were used to collect information from 300 participants within the participatory age group of 20years and above from six out of 14 villages (Nkong, Bangang, Besali, Bechati, Folepi and Fossimundi) around the THWS. Fifty individuals were sampled from each village and a maximum of 2 individuals (the head of household and one other active participant) participated from each household. Collected data were stored in Microsoft excel spreadsheets 2007 after importation into XLSTAT 2007. 8. 4 statistic software for the different statistical tests. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation were conducted at 0.05 level of significance. The knowledge of interviewees on chimpanzee presence was supported by 90.33% of participants. Local knowledge on the population status of chimpanzee shows that 61% affirmed that their population is reducing primarily due to hunting and habitat loss of poor agriculture. According to 67% of interviewees, benefiting from wildlife through tourism, seed dispersion, bush meat and medicine influenced local attitudes and perception toward chimpanzee conservation while their destructive habits through crop riding, inadequate farmland for agriculture and high income derived from the sales of chimpanzee makes 33% of the local population to change their attitude and perception toward chimpanzee conservation. People with no formal education (62.96%) did not found chimpanzee conservation important whereas more educated people (76.76%) found chimpanzee conservation a priority. Most respondents (57.04%) said the idea of chimpanzee conservation was not supported due to high income (15,500FCFA) generated from the sales of chimpanzee. Increasing public awareness of the benefits and values of chimpanzee conservation through media (radios, televisions and smart phones), handbills, bill boards, seminars and symposiums, and films could help mitigate the poor attitudes of the local population towards chimpanzee conservation. Instigating outreach programs to communities living in close proximity to chimpanzee and other wildlife species is often high on the agenda of conservation NGOs with the assumption that long-term change can best be achieved through accelerating change in societal attitudes towards wildlife.
Wearable tech for animals is becoming big business. A look at market niches, examples, and what the future will bring. Quantified self is evolving to Quantified Earth.
What movement patterns across our planet would you monitor? Why and how?
A list of references and resources is available at http://caroltorgan.com/animals-wearable-tech-quantified-earth/
Soap-anointing behaviour in the ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua) on a Brazilia...Aline Ferro
To follow a free-ranging group of ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua), we went to Ilha do Campeche (an island in the State of Santa Catarina in Southern Brazil), where we observed them rubbing cleansing products over their bodies.
In order to describe the anointing behavior of the coatis on that island, we conducted five experimental sessions to induce the animals to spontaneously anoint themselves. The anointing sessions were prompted by offering pieces of ash soap to the animals.
The animals mostly performed self-anointing behavior, and sometimes anointed each other by expressing the allo-anointing behavior. The body parts mostly rubbed with pieces of soap was the genital area, and then the tail.
We propose that the soap-anointing behavior of the ring-tailed coatis may deter ectoparasites and alleviate itch when applying foaming soap over their fur.
It has been known in the literature that a close-related species, the white-nosed coati (Nasua narica) inhabiting the Barro Colorado Island in Panama, rubs the fur with resin. However, we have reported the first occurrence of soap-anointing behavior in the ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua) in the literature.
In conclusion, we believe the human-coati coexistence on Ilha do Campeche might have facilitated the innovation in the coatis' behavior there. Moreover, the ring-tailed coati species does not occur naturally on the island; it was introduced approximately 10 years ago. Likely, the soap-anointing behavior is being transmitted across generations over the years.
Beetles in Selected Barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar, Philippinesijtsrd
This initial research effort was conducted to identify the beetle species in five selected barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar, and describe the environmental factors that affect the presence of beetles in the study area. It used the descriptive method of research, with the purposive sampling technique as the sampling procedure utilized.Due to limitations of the researcher, a total of only seventeen 17 beetle species, belonging to eleven 11 families, were found present in different sampling sites. The most abundant of the beetle species individual was Harmonia axyridis, constituting 76.14 of the total number of beetles in the study area, while the least abundant were Alaus sp., and Diphucephala sp., each with only one 1 individual present, accounting for a relative abundance of only 0.46 . The air and soil temperature range between 27oC to 29oC. Grasses, trees, shrubs, and herbs were the common vegetation present in the study sites where beetles were found. This implies that environmental factors were conducive for the beetles to thrive in the area. The presence of different beetle species indicates the study area has a diverse beetle fauna, albeit it is only a small fraction of the total beetle species listed in the country. It is imperative that conservation efforts should be strengthened by the LGU in order to conserve not only the beetle population in the study area, but other organisms, both flora and fauna, as well. Jehosaphat C. Jazmin | Abel Alejandro U. Flores, Jr. ""Beetles in Selected Barangays of Catarman, Northern Samar, Philippines"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22937.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22937/beetles-in-selected-barangays-of-catarman-northern-samar-philippines/jehosaphat-c-jazmin
VI Convegno Nazionale della Ricerca nei Parchi e nei Giardini Zoologici
1. WESTERN CHIMPANZEE
(PAN TROGLODYTES VERUS)
IN SITU CONSERVATION
THROUGH EDUCATION:
METHODS & IMPLICATIONS
Dalila Frasson
Conservation Manager
Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary
dalila.frasson@libero.it
VI Convegno Nazionale della Ricerca nei Parchi
Conoscere per proteggere
2-4 Ottobre 2015
2. CHIMPANZEES ARE ENDANGERED
Populations have declined by more
than 66% in the last 30 years,
from 600,000 to fewer than
200,000 individuals;
Pan troglodytes verus, the western
chimpanzee is one of the two most
endangered sub-species.
Kormos, 2003; IUCN, 2015
Wild chimpanzees are found only in tropical Africa;
4. HOW MANY CHIMPANZEES
IN SIERRA LEONE?
Habitat No. of chimpanzees (%) Lower CI Upper CI
Non-protected area 3100 (55.6%) 1540 6341
Forest reserves 1460 (26.2%) 854 2509
OKNP* 1020 (18.2%) 658 1596
Sierra Leone Total 5580 3052 10446
* Outamba-Kilimi National Park
50 % Outside Protected Areas
Dalila Frasson – Conservation Manager -
Brncic et al. (2011)
5. SIERRA LEONE’S BIODIVERSITY
One of the 25
global
biodiversity
hotspots;
Western end of the Upper Guinea Forest Block;
NEAP, 2014
One of the 2
highest
priorities for
primate
conservation
in the world.
13. CONSERVATION EDUCATION
Increased public knowledge of chimpanzees, the threats
they face, and the importance of their protection;
Spread the law protecting
chimpanzees.
Strengthened capacity
to protect and conserve
chimpanzees and their
habitat;
14. HOW ACHIEVE THESE GOALS?
Education in schools
both in rural and
urban area;
Training and
involvement of NGOs
and Ministry;
Awareness sensitization
campaign through different
materials/methodologies.
16. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PRACTICE
(KAP) SURVEY RELATING TO
CHIMPANZEES IN SIERRA LEONE
Knowledge:
89% surveyed have knowledge of the difference between
chimpanzee and other primates;
Few people were aware of any law protecting chimpanzees.
Attitude:
Overwhelmingly negative;
Very few knew their positive role for the environment and
that have the right to live in the forest;
Threats like hunting > deforestation > farming;
1/3 is willing to buy a chimp (pet or domestic servant).
Survey of 600 persons
17. SENSITIZATION MATERIALS & METHODS
Different materials among
different target:
Billboard;
Sticker;
Poster;
Radio campaign.
House by house sensitization during Ebola outbreak due
to institutional restriction regarding public gathering.
1. Great social animals;
2. Very similar to human;
3. Endangered;
4. Ecological roles;
5. Legislation & laws;
6. Health risks.
29. RISK OF A SENSITIZATION CAMPAIGN
Risk of failing to positively effect behavioral changes;
From a cultural and religious point of view, certain
messages referring to chimpanzees as mankind’s
closest relatives may not be accepted;
The problem of the bush meat trade is prevalent.
Promoting conservation of a species which is
sometimes targeted for the trade could be met with
passivism or even outright rejection;
Difficult moment due to Ebola outbreak.
30. HOW WE EVALUATE THE RESULTS?
Influences of human
behaviours >
require time due to
traditions;
Interview pre and
post campaign.
31. REALISTIC SET OF INDICATOR
OF RESULTS
SHORT
TERM
MID
TERM
LONG
TERM
INCREASE
IN
AWARENESS
CHANGE OF
ATTITUDE
PROMOTION
OF ACTION