Vermicompostingclassroom
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This document discusses vermicomposting, which is composting using worms. It notes that both composting and vermicomposting convert organic materials to more stable forms, but vermicomposting is dominated by worms rather than microorganisms. Key advantages of vermicomposting are that worms aerate and grind waste, accelerating decomposition. Disadvantages include worms not liking all wastes and needing specific temperature and moisture conditions. The document outlines worm biology, common species used, their environmental requirements, potential classroom projects, scale considerations, and types of vermicomposting systems.
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On-farm Composting & Vermicomposting
Luke Freeman, University of Arkansas
Oklahoma Beginning Farmer & Rancher Program 2013
Horticulture #2: May 11
Rodent management
This document discusses rodent management and control. It notes that rodents are pests that damage crops and transmit diseases. The most common rodent pests in India include rats, mice, bandicoots, and gerbils. An integrated pest management approach is recommended, including sanitation, exclusion through sealing entry points, trapping, poisoning baiting, and encouraging natural predators. Proper identification of rodent signs and species is important for effective control.
Vermicomposting Overview
Vermicompost is the product or process of composting using various worms, usually red wigglers and other earthworms to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste and vermicast (worm castings or worm manure, is the fecal matter of an Earthworm).
Vermicomposting is very economic friendly and very useful for the growth of crops.
Less expensive than chemical fertilizer as well as other fertilizers. It can be used for several times.
Vermicomposting
This document provides information on vermicomposting, which is the process of using worms and microorganisms to break down food scraps into a nutrient-rich fertilizer called vermicompost. It discusses how vermicomposting works, the materials needed like a worm bin and bedding, suitable worm species, the harvesting process, and advantages of using vermicompost like enriching soil and increasing plant yields.
Methods of Vermicomposting
Vermiculture biotechnology involves several steps: 1) selecting an appropriate site and earthworm species, 2) preparing the vermibed and feedstock, 3) inoculating earthworms into the bed, 4) feeding and watering the earthworms, and 5) harvesting the finished vermicompost. Some key factors in site selection include a thatched roof, transport facility, and cool, shady area. Common methods of vermicomposting include pit, heap, bin/tray, windrow, and wedge techniques.
insecticides
Insecticides are chemical pest control agents that have been used since the 1950s. They include both synthetic and botanical formulations. While insecticides are effective against pests, their overuse and misuse can harm human health and the environment. Proper application and integrated pest management techniques that combine chemical and non-chemical controls can help reduce these risks. Botanical insecticides extracted from plants offer alternatives to synthetic chemicals but also have toxicity issues if misused.
Vermicomposting
Vermicomposting is a process that uses worms, like red wigglers, to break down organic materials into a nutrient-rich humus known as castings or vermicompost. The document discusses the vermicomposting process, the types of worms used like red wigglers, how to care for the worms, and the benefits of the nutrient-dense vermicompost produced, which includes increasing soil fertility and plant growth when used in gardens or with potted plants. Vermicompost also contains higher concentrations of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to regular soil or compost.
Vermicompost ppt ramesh
The document discusses vermicomposting, which is a method of composting using earthworms. It describes the nutrient content of vermicompost and explains that it has higher nutrient levels than farmyard manure or bacterial compost. The document also outlines the process for preparing vermicompost, including using organic materials like leaves and manure in layers, maintaining proper moisture and temperature conditions, and harvesting the finished compost after several weeks. Vermicompost provides various benefits for plants such as disease resistance and enhanced nutrient availability.
Recommended
On-farm Composting & Vermicomposting
Luke Freeman, University of Arkansas
Oklahoma Beginning Farmer & Rancher Program 2013
Horticulture #2: May 11
Rodent management
This document discusses rodent management and control. It notes that rodents are pests that damage crops and transmit diseases. The most common rodent pests in India include rats, mice, bandicoots, and gerbils. An integrated pest management approach is recommended, including sanitation, exclusion through sealing entry points, trapping, poisoning baiting, and encouraging natural predators. Proper identification of rodent signs and species is important for effective control.
Vermicomposting Overview
Vermicompost is the product or process of composting using various worms, usually red wigglers and other earthworms to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste and vermicast (worm castings or worm manure, is the fecal matter of an Earthworm).
Vermicomposting is very economic friendly and very useful for the growth of crops.
Less expensive than chemical fertilizer as well as other fertilizers. It can be used for several times.
Vermicomposting
This document provides information on vermicomposting, which is the process of using worms and microorganisms to break down food scraps into a nutrient-rich fertilizer called vermicompost. It discusses how vermicomposting works, the materials needed like a worm bin and bedding, suitable worm species, the harvesting process, and advantages of using vermicompost like enriching soil and increasing plant yields.
Methods of Vermicomposting
Vermiculture biotechnology involves several steps: 1) selecting an appropriate site and earthworm species, 2) preparing the vermibed and feedstock, 3) inoculating earthworms into the bed, 4) feeding and watering the earthworms, and 5) harvesting the finished vermicompost. Some key factors in site selection include a thatched roof, transport facility, and cool, shady area. Common methods of vermicomposting include pit, heap, bin/tray, windrow, and wedge techniques.
insecticides
Insecticides are chemical pest control agents that have been used since the 1950s. They include both synthetic and botanical formulations. While insecticides are effective against pests, their overuse and misuse can harm human health and the environment. Proper application and integrated pest management techniques that combine chemical and non-chemical controls can help reduce these risks. Botanical insecticides extracted from plants offer alternatives to synthetic chemicals but also have toxicity issues if misused.
Vermicomposting
Vermicomposting is a process that uses worms, like red wigglers, to break down organic materials into a nutrient-rich humus known as castings or vermicompost. The document discusses the vermicomposting process, the types of worms used like red wigglers, how to care for the worms, and the benefits of the nutrient-dense vermicompost produced, which includes increasing soil fertility and plant growth when used in gardens or with potted plants. Vermicompost also contains higher concentrations of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to regular soil or compost.
Vermicompost ppt ramesh
The document discusses vermicomposting, which is a method of composting using earthworms. It describes the nutrient content of vermicompost and explains that it has higher nutrient levels than farmyard manure or bacterial compost. The document also outlines the process for preparing vermicompost, including using organic materials like leaves and manure in layers, maintaining proper moisture and temperature conditions, and harvesting the finished compost after several weeks. Vermicompost provides various benefits for plants such as disease resistance and enhanced nutrient availability.
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This document discusses key aspects of pesticide labels including the types of information provided. It begins by defining what a pesticide is and explaining the different names a pesticide can have. It then describes the four main sections of a label which provide product information, safety precautions, environmental information, and directions for use. Specific details covered include signal words, personal protective equipment, precautions, and proper storage and disposal. It emphasizes that the label must always be followed and that pesticide use inconsistent with the labeling is a violation of federal law.
Fumigation techniques for pest control
This document discusses fumigation techniques for pest management. It begins by outlining the importance of reducing food losses to pests in order to enhance global food security. It then describes how fumigation works, involving the introduction of pesticides in an enclosed space in gaseous form. Various fumigation methods are outlined for different situations, like direct mixing or surface application for stored grains. Specific fumigants are also described like methyl bromide, chloropicrin and aluminum phosphide. The document provides details on fumigation best practices, advantages and disadvantages.
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This document discusses pollination and was presented by the group Spartans. It defines pollination as the transfer of pollen from male to female reproductive organs in plants. The document outlines different types of pollination including self-pollination, cross-pollination, abiotic pollination via wind or water, and biotic pollination via insects, birds, bats, or humans. It discusses the importance and advantages and disadvantages of self-pollination and cross-pollination. The document also discusses factors that affect pollination, artificial means of pollination, problems with pollination, and solutions to improve pollination.
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This document discusses several major lepidopteran pests of stored foods, including the Angoumois grain moth, Indian meal moth, Rice moth, Potato tuber moth, and Mediterranean flour moth. It provides details on the distribution, host range, biology, life cycle, nature of damage, and identification of each pest. The key information it conveys is that moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) represent a major group of economically important post-harvest insect pests that can infest grains, meals, nuts, dried fruits and other stored foods.
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This document discusses insect pest losses in stored grains and methods for their management. Some key points:
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- In India, around 8.5% of total annual grain production is lost during post-harvest handling and storage.
- Detection methods for storage pests include acoustic, near infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray imaging. Nanoparticles like silver, silica, zinc oxide and others are also used for control.
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Organic farmers must prevent and control pests without synthetic pesticides. They focus on prevention through healthy soil, crop diversity, and beneficial insect habitats. When needed, they use biological, mechanical and physical controls or organic pesticides as a last resort. Effective pest management requires an integrated approach considering all farm ecosystem aspects.
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The document discusses components and calibration of a seed drill. It provides details on:
1) The main components of a seed drill including the frame, seed box, seed metering mechanism, furrow openers, covering device, and transport wheels.
2) The process of calibrating a ground wheel driven seed drill which involves determining the drill width and length to cover a hectare, revolutions to cover that length, collecting seeded amounts, and adjusting the rate control until the desired rate is reached.
3) Additional details on calculating seeding rates based on drill specifications and adjusting row spacing using the planting disc configuration.
Management of stored grain insect pest
This document discusses various methods for managing insect pests that infest stored grains. It notes that losses due to pests in India are around 10% but can be as high as 30-50% in other developing countries. Preventive methods include sanitation, proper stacking, and disinfestation of storage areas. Curative methods include ecological, mechanical, physical, cultural, botanical, chemical and biological controls. Specific techniques covered are controlling temperature and moisture levels, screening grains, traps, heat treatment, controlled atmospheres using gases, inert dusts, crop treatments, botanical pesticides from plants like neem, chemical pesticides like malathion and phosphine fumigation, and engineering controls.
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Classification of Weeds
Weeds can be classified in several ways, including by life span, ecological affinities, soil type, place of occurrence, origin, morphology, nature of stem, and specificity. Annual weeds complete their life cycle in one year or season, biennials in two years, and perennials live for more than two years. Weeds are also classified as wetland, garden land, or dryland based on ecological needs, and as indigenous or exotic based on origin. Additional classifications include by plant morphology, such as grasses, sedges, or broad-leaved, and by stem structure as woody, semi-woody, or herbaceous. Weeds are further distinguished by whether they are poison
Vermicomposting Resources
This document provides a comprehensive list of resources for information on vermicomposting (worm composting), including websites, books, videos, trade journals, and newsletters. Websites listed cover topics such as the biology of worms, instructions for setting up and maintaining worm bins, and selling worm products. Several books are recommended for both adults and children on starting and maintaining vermicomposting. Videos and models demonstrate the vermicomposting process. Trade publications and newsletters offer ongoing information on composting and worms. Contact information is provided for purchasing or obtaining many of the resources.
Manual of On-Farm Vermicomposting and Vermiculture
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This document discusses several major lepidopteran pests of stored foods, including the Angoumois grain moth, Indian meal moth, Rice moth, Potato tuber moth, and Mediterranean flour moth. It provides details on the distribution, host range, biology, life cycle, nature of damage, and identification of each pest. The key information it conveys is that moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) represent a major group of economically important post-harvest insect pests that can infest grains, meals, nuts, dried fruits and other stored foods.
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This document discusses insect pest losses in stored grains and methods for their management. Some key points:
- Stored grain insects can cause 9-20% losses annually worldwide, with over 100 million tons lost to improper storage.
- In India, around 8.5% of total annual grain production is lost during post-harvest handling and storage.
- Detection methods for storage pests include acoustic, near infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray imaging. Nanoparticles like silver, silica, zinc oxide and others are also used for control.
- Management strategies include physical controls like temperature, moisture and oxygen regulation. Traps, botanical extracts, growth regulators, and fumigation are also discussed
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Integrated Pest Management
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) uses multiple methods to control pests in an agricultural system. The backbone of IPM is the economic injury level concept. Reasons for adopting IPM include the development of pest resistance, secondary pest outbreaks from overuse of pesticides, and environmental and human health hazards from chemical contamination. IPM involves understanding the agricultural ecosystem, planning for low-cost and environmentally friendly pest control, and using a variety of control methods like cultural practices, host plant resistance, biological and chemical methods to maintain pest populations below economic thresholds. The objective of IPM is to reduce pest damage in a sustainable way without complete elimination of pests.
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This document discusses different types of sprayers used in agriculture. It describes the basic components and functions of sprayers, including tanks, nozzles, and pressure systems. The document outlines different types of nozzles that sprayers can use to apply liquids, such as fan and cone nozzles. It also categorizes sprayers based on liquid volume handled and use, such as hand sprayers, knapsack sprayers, and power sprayers, providing details on their specifications and applications.
Control weeds, diseases and insects in field crops
Organic farmers must prevent and control pests without synthetic pesticides. They focus on prevention through healthy soil, crop diversity, and beneficial insect habitats. When needed, they use biological, mechanical and physical controls or organic pesticides as a last resort. Effective pest management requires an integrated approach considering all farm ecosystem aspects.
MASS MULTIPLICATION OF Corcyra cephalonia PPT
This document provides information on mass production techniques for Trichogramma and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs). It describes the steps for rearing the rice grain moth Corcyra cephalonica which is used as a host for producing Trichogramma. The techniques for mass rearing Trichogramma including parasitizing Corcyra eggs and storing the parasitized eggs are summarized. It also outlines the basic steps for mass producing NPVs which involve rearing host insects like Helicoverpa armigera on artificial diet, infecting the larvae with viruses, harvesting and purifying the viruses. Field application doses of different NPVs for crops are also mentioned.
Biotic factors in grain storage
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The document discusses different pesticide application techniques including high volume, low volume, and ultra low volume spraying. High volume spraying uses 300-500 L/ha of spray solution applied using hydraulic nozzles. Low volume spraying reduces the volume to 50-150 L/ha using air blast nozzles on motorized knapsack sprayers to disperse fine spray droplets over a wider area. Proper application technique and equipment selection is important to ensure uniform pesticide coverage and deposition on target pests.
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Seed drill caliberation
The document discusses components and calibration of a seed drill. It provides details on:
1) The main components of a seed drill including the frame, seed box, seed metering mechanism, furrow openers, covering device, and transport wheels.
2) The process of calibrating a ground wheel driven seed drill which involves determining the drill width and length to cover a hectare, revolutions to cover that length, collecting seeded amounts, and adjusting the rate control until the desired rate is reached.
3) Additional details on calculating seeding rates based on drill specifications and adjusting row spacing using the planting disc configuration.
Management of stored grain insect pest
This document discusses various methods for managing insect pests that infest stored grains. It notes that losses due to pests in India are around 10% but can be as high as 30-50% in other developing countries. Preventive methods include sanitation, proper stacking, and disinfestation of storage areas. Curative methods include ecological, mechanical, physical, cultural, botanical, chemical and biological controls. Specific techniques covered are controlling temperature and moisture levels, screening grains, traps, heat treatment, controlled atmospheres using gases, inert dusts, crop treatments, botanical pesticides from plants like neem, chemical pesticides like malathion and phosphine fumigation, and engineering controls.
Morphology of nematodes
Nematodes have slender, elongated bodies that vary in size from 0.2 mm to over 1 meter long. They are generally bilaterally symmetrical and colorless. While their bodies appear unsegmented, some nematodes have a segmented appearance due to their cuticle. The body can be divided into head, tail, and four longitudinal zones. The head contains mouth structures while the tail varies in shape between species.
Classification of Weeds
Weeds can be classified in several ways, including by life span, ecological affinities, soil type, place of occurrence, origin, morphology, nature of stem, and specificity. Annual weeds complete their life cycle in one year or season, biennials in two years, and perennials live for more than two years. Weeds are also classified as wetland, garden land, or dryland based on ecological needs, and as indigenous or exotic based on origin. Additional classifications include by plant morphology, such as grasses, sedges, or broad-leaved, and by stem structure as woody, semi-woody, or herbaceous. Weeds are further distinguished by whether they are poison
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This document provides a comprehensive list of resources for information on vermicomposting (worm composting), including websites, books, videos, trade journals, and newsletters. Websites listed cover topics such as the biology of worms, instructions for setting up and maintaining worm bins, and selling worm products. Several books are recommended for both adults and children on starting and maintaining vermicomposting. Videos and models demonstrate the vermicomposting process. Trade publications and newsletters offer ongoing information on composting and worms. Contact information is provided for purchasing or obtaining many of the resources.
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This document provides an overview manual on on-farm vermicomposting and vermiculture. It discusses the basics of caring for compost worms, including their needs for bedding, food, moisture, aeration and temperature control. Different system types are described, from simple windrows to more advanced flow-through reactors. The value of vermicompost and potential opportunities for farmers are also covered. The manual aims to help farmers understand if working with worms could provide benefits and assess associated efforts, resources and risks.
Vermicomposting 101
This document provides instructions for setting up a vermicomposting system using worms to break down food scraps and other organic materials. It explains that vermicomposting increases soil fertility and plant growth while reducing the need for pesticides. The steps outlined include selecting a bin, adding bedding materials like shredded cardboard and newspaper, mixing with water, introducing worms, feeding them food scraps, and maintaining moisture levels. A list of materials worms will and won't eat is also included along with additional resources for learning more about vermicomposting.
Vermicomposting Practical Guide: An Ecological Way of Dealing with Organic Waste
Vermicomposting is a method of composting organic waste using earthworms. It can be done indoors in a closed container, making it suitable for those without outdoor space. The document provides instructions for setting up a vermicomposting bin using a plastic storage container, bedding, and Eisenia foetida worms. It describes feeding the worms kitchen scraps and plant trimmings, and harvesting the finished compost after 3-6 months. Regular care is required to maintain proper balance and avoid issues like odors.
Grow Your Own, Nevada! Fall 2012: Safe Composting and Vermicomposting
Grow Your Own, Nevada! Fall 2012: Safe Composting and VermicompostingUniversity of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Vermicomposting is a method of composting using worms to break down organic matter into nutrient-rich humus. Red wigglers are commonly used as they can consume 50-80% of their weight daily and thrive in temperatures between 60-80°F. A worm bin with bedding, food, and adequate airflow is needed. Food scraps like fruits, vegetables, coffee grounds, and shredded paper are buried to be broken down. The resulting worm castings are a valuable fertilizer higher in nutrients than soil. With proper care, vermicomposting provides an easy way to compost small amounts of food waste.Composting with earthworms
All you need to learn and start composting with aid of earth worms on your own.
Composting of waste to produce bio fertilizer by decomposition or by the use of earthworms called vermiculture.
What is Vermicomposting?
Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological process of composting, in which certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the process of waste conversion and produce a better end product. Vermicomposting differs from composting in several ways (Gandhi et al. 1997). It is a mesophilic process, utilizing microorganisms and earthworms that are active at 10–32°C (not ambient temperature but temperature within the pile of moist organic material). The process is faster than composting; because the material passes through the earthworm gut, a significant but not yet fully understood transformation takes place, whereby the resulting earthworm castings (worm manure) are
rich in microbial activity and plant growth regulators, and fortified with pest repellence attributes as well! In short, earthworms, through a type of biological alchemy, are capable of transforming garbage into ‘gold’
Vermicompost
To achieve sustainable agricultural production it is imperative to explore alternative integrated soil and nutrient management systems with minimum environmental degradation. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) aims at maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility and plant nutrient supply to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through optimization of benefit from all possible sources of plant nutrients in an integrated manner (Roy and Ange, 1991). Continuous and imbalanced use of fertilizers under intensive agricultural cultivation had adverse impact on the soil. Use of bio and organic fertilizers and adherence to ecofriendly land management practice enhances crop production and sustains soil fertility (Sailaja and Usha, 2002). Keeping these in view, INM practice is seen as a viable option in restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Sources such as nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizers, mycorrhize and other beneficial organisms contribute to enhance efficient uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003).
INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield.
Apart from this, agroforestry interventions through integration of suitable trees, soil improvement through cover cropping, soil and water conservation measures etc can be potential INM strategies that can be practiced to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). The success of INM depends on the judicious use of the right combination of INM component suitable for a particular land use system.
Swastik vermi compost | Vermi Compost |Vermi Composting |High Quality Vermi C...
Swastik Vermi Compost is High Quality Vermi Compost Manufacture in India By Mr.Mayur Doshi,Organic Vermi Compost,Contact for Vermi Compost,Vermi compost plants,Vermi Compost in Kutch-Gujarat,Vermi Compost Exports,Vermi Compost Producer india,Vermi Compost Producer Kutch-Gujarat,Vermi Compost By Mayur Doshi,
ITFT Vermiculture ppt
Vermiculture is the culture of worms. Vermicomposting uses worms to compost organic materials into vermicompost or worm castings. Earthworms turn soil into a superior quality by breaking down organic matter and leaving behind nutrient-rich castings. They create tunnels that improve soil aeration, moisture retention, and provide pathways for plant roots and nutrients. The document then discusses the benefits of earthworms and details the process of vermicomposting to produce compost using worms.
9 april 2015 Vermicomposting Env- 405
This is my PPT presented during my M.Sc Environmental Science COurse at Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
Vermi presentation edited 062411
The document discusses vermiculture and vermicomposting. It defines key terms like vermi, vermiculture, vermicasts, and vermicomposting. It then describes the advantages of vermicomposting, including improving soil quality and providing a natural fertilizer. The document outlines the principles of vermicomposting and details the anatomy, biology, cultural requirements and best practices for vermiculture.
Vermiculture
1. Vermiculture is the process of composting organic matter with the help of earthworms to produce vermicompost. Different species of earthworms have different habitats, habits, and nutritional needs.
2. Important aspects of vermiculture include the earthworms' habits and habitats, their nutrition from consuming dead organic matter and releasing nutrients through castings, and their reproductive cycles.
3. There are various types of earthworms used for vermiculture including red worms, field worms, night crawlers, and brandling worms. Vermicomposting can be done through bins, cages, or indoor heap methods.
Vermicompost - An Organic Gold (Vermiculture and Vermicompost, Earthworm Farm...
Vermiculture is the culture of earthworms. The goal is to continually increase the number of worms in order to obtain a sustainable harvest. The worms are either used to expand a vermicomposting operation or sold to customers who use them for the same or other purposes. Vermicomposting is the process by which worms are used to convert organic materials (usually wastes) into a humus-like material known as vermicompost. The municipal wastes; non-toxic solid and liquid waste of the industries and household garbage’s can also be converted into vermicompost in the same manner.
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Vermi ppt
Vermicomposting is the process of using worms to break down organic material into a nutrient-rich compost. Eisenia foetida worms are commonly used as they efficiently break down food scraps, yard waste, and other organic matter. The resulting vermicompost contains higher concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium than regular soil. Vermicompost bins can be set up indoors or outdoors using a container with drainage holes, shredded newspaper or peat moss, and worms. The process produces compost while reducing food and paper waste sent to landfills.
Vermicomposting
Vermicomposting is a process of composting organic wastes using earthworms. Certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the waste conversion process and produce a better quality compost. Red earthworms are commonly used as they efficiently convert organic matter into vermicompost within 45-50 days through their burrowing, castings and intestinal secretions. Vermicompost contains more nutrients in readily available forms compared to traditional compost and improves soil health, structure, fertility and plant growth.
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Swastik vermi compost | Vermi Compost |Vermi Composting |High Quality Vermi C...
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Vermicompostingclassroom
- 1. Vermicomposting Lori Marsh Composting verses Vermicomposting: Both processes convert unstable organic materials to more stable ones. Both are aerobic processes With composting, microorganisms dominate Vermicomposting, worms dominate
- 2. Advantages of Vermicomposting Worms turn and aerate the waste, so people don’t have to! Worms perform some grinding, so decomposition process is accelerated Process is much more rapid than thermophlic composting
- 3. Disadvantages of Vermicomposting Worms don’t “like” all wastes Temperature must be above freezing and below 90F It is a living system, and things can go wrong!
- 4. Worm Biology 101 “Tube within a tube”—no circulatory system Breath through their skin Hermaphrodites Clitellum indicates sexual maturity Produce cocoons, with 3 to 20 worms each
- 6. Worm Species Thousands of known species Classified by ecological strategy: • Litter species—composters come from this group • Topsoil species—burrow into soil, but feed on top • Subsoil species—mostly dwell deep in the soil, feeding in lower root zones Eisenia fetida (or foetida) most commonly used for vermicomposting in N. America Common names for E. fetida include: • Manure worm, Red wiggler, Tiger worm, Brandling worm
- 7. Environmental Requirements for E.fetida Moisture Range: HIGH 75-95% But need oxygen, they can drown! Temperature Range: 40-90F Optimum: 65-80F pH Range: 5-9 Ammonia: Low, <500 ppm Salts: Low, < 0.5% Light: worms avoid light; need dark to process wastes
- 8. Classroom Projects What are your learning objectives? Natural systems for recycling Scientific Method/research methods • Research on worm food preferences, • Research on bin designs, etc. Integrated across subject areas: research on worms and worm beds, design, construction, operation of a worm bed, record keeping, writing assignments
- 9. Scale of Project Evaluate the waste stream. Possible sources: School cafeteria Teacher’s lounge coffee grounds Other—local grocery, farm, etc Strongly recommend you start small (perhaps at home)
- 10. Cafeteria Wastes Pre- versus Post-consumer wastes: Pre-consumer wastes are discarded at the preparation stage, prior to being served; Post-consumer wastes are scrapped from plates: there could be pathogen concerns with this source.
- 11. Types of Vermicomposters Bin Stacking Trays Continuous Flow Reactor
- 12. Simple Bin
- 13. Simple Bin
- 16. Can-O-Worms
- 17. Hybrid of simple bin and stacking tray—Migration system
- 18. Continuous Flow
- 19. Continuous Feed System “The Earth Factory”
- 21. Commercial Scale
Editor's Notes
- “Expandable Tray System” Is sold as a three, four or five tray unit. Manufacturer’s specifications: Size: 16" x 16" x 21" Tall (3-Tray) - 3.5" higher for each subsequent tray. Capacity 3-Tray system will house 10-12,000 worms that consume 5-8 lbs of food/day
- The “Can-O-Worms” is a stacking tray system manufactured in Australia. It is 22½" diameter x 28½“ tall. The manufacturer lists its maximum capacity at 10 lbs. of food scraps per day
- This bin is designed to be filled and fed on one side until it is full, at which time the operator begins filling the other side. Once the worms migrate to the fresh feed, the vermicompost from the first side can be removed. This is similar to a feeding strategy used to harvest a simple bin, involving feeding only one side of the bin for several weeks and then harvesting the other side.
- Manufacturer’s Specifications: Size: 24" x 24" x 32.5" tall Capacity 6+ cubic ft Composition welded tubular steel; walls made from UV protected 100% recycled plastic Usage: recycle home food wastes into useful end products - compost tea & worm castings Key Features relatively large capacity;
- Vermitech Systems, Ltd, Ontario, Canada. The machine in front of the worm bed is a grinder, which grinds the food waste and blows it into the worm bed. This bed has mechanical, thermostatically controlled ventilation.
- Scott Subler, President of Pacific Gardens, Inc., talking about his 128 ft x 8 ft vermicomposter. Dairy manure, which has gone through an initial heating (by piling and allowing composting to begin) is spread on top of the bed daily using a manure spreader. The manure spreader rides an rails on the top of the beds. A scrapper bar, mounted inside the worm bed, can be drawn the length of the bed to cause casting to fall through the bottom screen, and on to the floor, where they are collected, bagged, and sold.