This document discusses ventilation requirements and standards for buildings. It defines ventilation as the process of changing air in a space to provide good indoor air quality. It discusses the rates of openings like windows and vents needed for different types of rooms according to international standards. Specific types of windows commonly used in Kerala architecture are also outlined, like gable windows, clerestory windows, and casement windows. Standards for window and door sizes are provided based on room area and human dimensions. Overall, the document provides information on calculating adequate ventilation openings and common ventilation installation features for buildings.

1. VENTILATION
Literature study

2. LIST OF CONTENTS:
 Ventilation:
 Introduction
 Rate of openings
 Rate of ventilation in different spaces
 Installations
 standards
 Local context (Kerala)

3. INTRODUCTION
 VENTILATION: The process of "changing" or replacing air in any
space to provide high indoor air quality.
 Rapid ventilation: Ventilation for the rapid dilution and removal
of high concentrations of pollutants from occasional activities,
usually by opening windows.
 Background ventilation: This is the passive flow of air into and
out of rooms via vents, and is achieved by means of 'a
small ventilation opening designed to provide
controllable ventilation.

4. RATE OF OPENINGS:
 A given room must have a window or glass door
that is sized to equal at least 10% of the floor area
of the room.
For example:
 So, if a room is 10 feet wide x 12 feet long, then
the room area would be 120 square feet and the
minimum size of the window in that room would
have to be 12 square feet.
 A three foot by four foot window would provide 12
square feet of natural light to the room.
 For every 10 feet of floor area you need one
foot of natural light area.

5. RATE OF OPENINGS:
International standards:
Rooms: Rapid ventilation
opening:
Back ground
ventilation opening
(sq.mm)
Habitable room 1/20th of floor area 8000
Kitchen Opening window
(any size)
4000
Utility room Opening window
(any size)
4000
Bathroom Opening window
(any size)
4000
Sanitary
accommodation
1/20th of floor area 4000

6. RATE OF VENTILATION IN DIFFERENT SPACES:

7. INSTALLATIONS:
 Sufficient ventilation and lighting to the area by installing the
openings with:
I. Doors
II. Windows and
III. Vents………….

8. INSTALLATIONS:
I. Vents: A vent is a hole in something through which
air can come in and smoke, gas, or smells can go
out.
spaces Size of vents (sq.m)
Geometric free area 0.002-0.004
Habitable rooms 0.005
Wet rooms 0.0025

9. INSTALLATIONS:
I. Door: A flat object that is used to close
the entrance of something such as
a room or building, or the entrance
installation throughout an entire building.
Door openings dimensions
width 0.75-0.9m
height 2.0m
thickness 0.04m

10. INSTALLATIONS:
I. Windows: An opening especially in the wall of
a building for admission of light and air that is
usually closed by casements or sashes containing
transparent material (such as glass) and capable
of being opened and shut.
Window openings Heights
Sill level 1.1m
Lintel level Based on the requirement
(up to 1.2m above sill level)

11. Standards of windows according to the given
area
Window size(m) Surface area
light admitted
(sq.m)
Floor area
(sq.m)
0.54x0.83 0.21 2
0.54x1.03 0.28 2-3
0.64x1.03 0.6 3-4
0.74x1.03 0.44 4-5
0.74x1.23 0.55 6-7
0.74x1.44 0.66 9
1.14x1.44 0.93 11
1.44x1.23 1.12 13
1.34x1.44 1.36 Above 13
Standard door size
(according to human
anthropometry).
Width(m) Height(m)
0.875 1.875
0.625 2.000
0.750 2.000
0.875 2.000
1.000 2.000
0.875 2.125
1.000 2.125
1.125 2.125
STANDARDS

12. STANDARDS:
 Types of windows and doors and their standards:

14. Inche
s
24” 36” 48” 60” 72” 84”

21. Inches 15” 32” 65” 80” 81.3/4
Meters 0.35 0.81 1.65 2 2.08

22. LOCAL CONTEXT(KERALA):

23. LOCAL CONTEXT(KERALA):
 Doors:
Inch 3’2” 6’10” 25.6” 27” 41.4” 60.6” 62”
Mete
r
0.9 1.8 0.6 0.68 1.05 1.53 1.57

24. LOCAL CONTEXT(KERALA):

25. LOCAL CONTEXT(KERALA):
 Installations of kerala mostly seen by the types of windows
they use and the types are.......
I. Gable windows
II. Clerestory windows
III. Courtyards
IV. Casement windows
V. Louvered windows

26. LOCAL CONTEXT(KERALA):
I. Gable windows: Gable windows were evolved at the two
ends to provide attic ventilation when ceiling was
incorporated for the room spaces.

27. LOCAL CONTEXT(KERALA):
I. Clerestory windows: a clerestory is a high section of wall
that contains windows above eye level. The purpose is to
admit light, fresh air, or both.

28. LOCAL CONTEXT(KERALA):
I. Casement windows: A casement is a window that is
attached to its frame by one or more hinges at a side.
They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame.

30. LOCAL CONTEXT (KERALA):
I. Courtyards: A courtyard or court is a circumscribed area,
often surrounded by a building or complex, that is open to
the sky.

31. PRESENTED BY
B.R.L.V.PRAVALLIKA- 170160029
K.HARSHITHA- 170160002
PRESENTED TO:
Ar.Yogesh
Ar.Anuradha
Ar.Abishek
Thanking you