The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses that C is a general purpose, procedural language developed in 1972 at Bell Labs. C is a middle-level language as it allows programming at both high-level and assembly-level. Key aspects of C covered include data types, variables, operators, functions, arrays, pointers, memory management, and file handling. The document also provides examples of various C programming concepts.
C is a widely used general-purpose programming language that can be used to develop complex software like operating systems and databases. It supports basic data types like integers, characters, and floating-point values. Constants are declared using the const keyword and cannot change value during program execution. C includes various operators like arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators to perform operations. Conditional statements and loops allow for control flow and repeated execution of code. Header files contain function declarations and macro definitions that can be included using the #include directive. Structures group related data types under a single name. Functions are blocks of code that perform tasks. Strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character.
This document provides an overview of programming in C. It discusses the importance of C as the base language for other programming languages and its efficiency. The basic structure of a C program is outlined as having documentation, include, define, global declaration, and main sections. Interpreters and compilers are explained as the two methods for running C programs, with compilers producing faster executable programs. Key aspects of C as a language are covered such as variables, data types, and constants.
A flow chart is a graphical representation of a process using different symbols to represent each step linked by arrows. An algorithm is a step-by-step method to solve a problem or make decisions. The main differences between an algorithm and flowchart are that an algorithm is a set of rules to solve a problem while a flowchart is a diagram that visually represents an algorithm. C programming variables must be declared with a data type and can be initialized with a starting value. Variables can be declared locally inside functions or globally outside any functions.
C is a widely used general-purpose programming language that can be used to develop complex software like operating systems and databases. It has four basic data types - integer, character, floating-point, and double floating-point. Constants are declared using the const keyword and cannot change value during program execution. Operators perform actions on operands like arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operations. Conditional statements and loops allow control flow and repeated execution of code. Header files contain function declarations and macro definitions included using the #include directive. Structures group related variables under a single name. Functions perform specific tasks. Strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. C is a mid-level language providing both low-level and high
- All variables in a C program must be declared before they can be used, specifying a name, value, and type.
- The document discusses basic C programming concepts like variables, data types, comments, functions, and arithmetic expressions.
- It provides examples of C code snippets and explains concepts like preprocessing, compiling, linking, and executing a C program.
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Batra Computer Centre is An ISO certified 9001:2008 training Centre in Ambala.
We Provide C Programming Training in Ambala. BATRA COMPUTER CENTRE provides best training in C, C++, S.E.O, Web Designing, Web Development and So many other courses are available.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses that C was developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s and is a general purpose language closely associated with UNIX. It then covers C's character set, keywords, basic program structure including header files and library functions, data types, variables, constants, and provides a simple "Hello World" example program.
The document provides information on the C programming language, including its history, structure, and key concepts. It discusses how C was developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s and influenced by other languages. It also describes the basic structure of C programs, which typically include header files, main functions, and statements organized into functions. The document also covers important C concepts like data types, variables, constants, and tokens.
C is a widely used general-purpose programming language that can be used to develop complex software like operating systems and databases. It supports basic data types like integers, characters, and floating-point values. Constants are declared using the const keyword and cannot change value during program execution. C includes various operators like arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators to perform operations. Conditional statements and loops allow for control flow and repeated execution of code. Header files contain function declarations and macro definitions that can be included using the #include directive. Structures group related data types under a single name. Functions are blocks of code that perform tasks. Strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character.
This document provides an overview of programming in C. It discusses the importance of C as the base language for other programming languages and its efficiency. The basic structure of a C program is outlined as having documentation, include, define, global declaration, and main sections. Interpreters and compilers are explained as the two methods for running C programs, with compilers producing faster executable programs. Key aspects of C as a language are covered such as variables, data types, and constants.
A flow chart is a graphical representation of a process using different symbols to represent each step linked by arrows. An algorithm is a step-by-step method to solve a problem or make decisions. The main differences between an algorithm and flowchart are that an algorithm is a set of rules to solve a problem while a flowchart is a diagram that visually represents an algorithm. C programming variables must be declared with a data type and can be initialized with a starting value. Variables can be declared locally inside functions or globally outside any functions.
C is a widely used general-purpose programming language that can be used to develop complex software like operating systems and databases. It has four basic data types - integer, character, floating-point, and double floating-point. Constants are declared using the const keyword and cannot change value during program execution. Operators perform actions on operands like arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operations. Conditional statements and loops allow control flow and repeated execution of code. Header files contain function declarations and macro definitions included using the #include directive. Structures group related variables under a single name. Functions perform specific tasks. Strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. C is a mid-level language providing both low-level and high
- All variables in a C program must be declared before they can be used, specifying a name, value, and type.
- The document discusses basic C programming concepts like variables, data types, comments, functions, and arithmetic expressions.
- It provides examples of C code snippets and explains concepts like preprocessing, compiling, linking, and executing a C program.
C programming Training in Ambala ! Batra Computer Centrejatin batra
Batra Computer Centre is An ISO certified 9001:2008 training Centre in Ambala.
We Provide C Programming Training in Ambala. BATRA COMPUTER CENTRE provides best training in C, C++, S.E.O, Web Designing, Web Development and So many other courses are available.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses that C was developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s and is a general purpose language closely associated with UNIX. It then covers C's character set, keywords, basic program structure including header files and library functions, data types, variables, constants, and provides a simple "Hello World" example program.
The document provides information on the C programming language, including its history, structure, and key concepts. It discusses how C was developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s and influenced by other languages. It also describes the basic structure of C programs, which typically include header files, main functions, and statements organized into functions. The document also covers important C concepts like data types, variables, constants, and tokens.
C is a general-purpose programming language developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s. It discusses the basics of C programming, including its history, structure, keywords, variables, data types, and provides an example "Hello World" program. The document provides an overview of the key elements of C for a beginner programmer to understand how to get started with C.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses that C was developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s and influenced by other languages like BCPL. The core concepts covered include C's character set, keywords, basic program structure with main function, header files, data types, variables, constants, and declarations. An example "Hello World" C program is also given.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language, including its history, characteristics, environment, structure, data types, variables, decision making, looping, libraries, and uses. It describes how C was developed at Bell Labs in the early 1970s and later standardized. The summary highlights C's small fixed set of keywords, static typing, use of headers and functions, and popularity for systems programming and performance-critical applications due to its efficiency and ability to access hardware.
C Language Interview Questions: Data Types, Pointers, Data Structures, Memory...Rowank2
In-depth C programming language interview questions are covered in this post, covering questions on pointers, memory management, data structures, and other advanced subjects. The questions are designed to evaluate the candidate's knowledge of the language's intricacies and sophisticated elements. Candidates can better their language skills and be ready for forthcoming interviews by going through these questions.
The document provides an introduction to the C programming language. It discusses the structure of a C program including documentation, preprocessor directives, header files, and function definitions. It also describes various math and trigonometric functions available in the standard library like sqrt, pow, sin, cos, and log. The rest of the document outlines the steps to compile and execute a C program and defines key concepts like variables, constants, and data types in C.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language, including its history, basic structure, data types, operators, input/output, decision making, looping, functions, arrays, pointers, strings, structures, file handling, and linked data structures. Some key topics covered include the C compilation process, basic C program structure, common data types like int and char, arithmetic, relational, and logical operators, if/else and switch statements, while, do-while and for loops, defining functions, and passing arguments to functions.
The document discusses the C programming language. It states that C was created by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in 1972 to develop the UNIX operating system. It became more widely used after Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie published the first description of C in 1978. C is a general-purpose, high-level language that produces efficient, low-level code and can be compiled on many platforms. It is widely used to develop operating systems, compilers, databases and other systems programs.
This document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses that C was developed in the 1970s as a system programming language and is still widely used today. The document outlines key features of C including data types, operators, expressions, input/output functions, and the basic structure of a C program with function definitions and variable declarations. It also describes basic program elements in C like variables, constants, and data types in detail.
C is a procedural programming language. It was developed in the early 1970s and is still widely used. The document provides an overview of key aspects of C including data types, variables, constants, operators, control statements like if/else, and functions. It also discusses C programming concepts like low-level vs high-level languages, header files, comments, escape sequences, and more. The document serves as a useful introduction and reference for someone learning the basics of the C programming language.
The document provides an introduction to algorithms and key concepts related to algorithms such as definition, features, examples, flowcharts, pseudocode. It also discusses different types of programming languages from first to fifth generation. Key points of structured programming approach and introduction to C programming language are explained including data types, variables, constants, input/output functions, operators, type conversion etc.
The document provides an introduction to programming in C++. It discusses the software development cycle including compiling, linking, and debugging programs. It also covers key programming concepts like variables, data types, functions, classes and objects. The evolution of C++ from C is described. Input/output statements like cout and cin are demonstrated along with basic program structure.
Do you want to learn basic information about the c Language?
Yes!
That’s great.
This pdf is the right choice for you.
Here, I will provide you all the basic information about C language.
You can visit our blog to enjoy our original post.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the C programming language. It discusses what a computer is and how programming languages work. It introduces machine language and high-level languages like C. Key aspects of C are explained, including data types, variables, operators, functions, and basic syntax. Examples of simple C programs are provided.
The document provides an introduction to the C programming language. It discusses the fundamentals of C including data types, variables, operators, control structures, arrays, functions, pointers, structures, unions, and file handling. The three key modules covered are: 1) C fundamentals, 2) arrays, functions, and strings, and 3) pointers, structures, unions, and file handling.
C is a general purpose programming language developed in the 1970s. It has features like control structures, looping statements, and arrays that make it well-suited for business and scientific applications. A C program executes in four steps - creating the program, compiling it, linking it to libraries, and executing the final executable file. C has keywords, variables, data types, operators, and conditional statements that allow for structured programming and control flow.
C was developed in the 1970s and is a popular and widely used programming language today. It is well-suited for systems programming and embedded systems due to its portability, efficiency, and ability to access hardware. A C program consists of functions written in a logical sequence to perform tasks. The main function is the starting point and every program must contain one. C programs are compiled in two steps - preprocessing and compilation - to create an executable binary file.
C was developed in the 1970s and is a popular programming language used widely for systems programming and other applications. The document discusses the history and characteristics of C, the structure of C programs including functions and files used, basic syntax elements like variables, data types, constants and comments. It also covers compiling and executing C programs.
C is a general-purpose programming language developed in the 1970s. It was created by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs to be used for the Unix operating system. Some key features of C include it being a mid-level language, supporting structured programming, having a rich standard library, and allowing for pointers and recursion. A simple "Hello World" program in C prints a message using printf and waits for input with getch. C supports various data types, operators, control structures like if/else and loops, functions, arrays, and pointers.
This document provides an introduction to fundamentals of programming with C#, including definitions of key concepts like algorithms, variables, data types, operators, and conditional statements. It explains that programming involves describing what you want the computer to do as a sequence of steps or algorithms. The stages of software development are outlined as gathering requirements, planning/design, implementation, testing, deployment, support, and documentation. An overview of C# programming language fundamentals is also provided, such as basic syntax structure, defining classes and methods, and using the console for input/output.
Chapter-2 edited on Programming in Can refer this pptANISHYAPIT
C was developed in the 1970s and is a popular and widely used programming language today. It is well suited for systems programming due to its portability, efficiency, and ability to access hardware. A C program consists of functions written in a logical sequence to perform tasks. Key aspects of C include its small size, support for pointers and structures, and suitability for both low-level and structured programming.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
C is a general-purpose programming language developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s. It discusses the basics of C programming, including its history, structure, keywords, variables, data types, and provides an example "Hello World" program. The document provides an overview of the key elements of C for a beginner programmer to understand how to get started with C.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses that C was developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s and influenced by other languages like BCPL. The core concepts covered include C's character set, keywords, basic program structure with main function, header files, data types, variables, constants, and declarations. An example "Hello World" C program is also given.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language, including its history, characteristics, environment, structure, data types, variables, decision making, looping, libraries, and uses. It describes how C was developed at Bell Labs in the early 1970s and later standardized. The summary highlights C's small fixed set of keywords, static typing, use of headers and functions, and popularity for systems programming and performance-critical applications due to its efficiency and ability to access hardware.
C Language Interview Questions: Data Types, Pointers, Data Structures, Memory...Rowank2
In-depth C programming language interview questions are covered in this post, covering questions on pointers, memory management, data structures, and other advanced subjects. The questions are designed to evaluate the candidate's knowledge of the language's intricacies and sophisticated elements. Candidates can better their language skills and be ready for forthcoming interviews by going through these questions.
The document provides an introduction to the C programming language. It discusses the structure of a C program including documentation, preprocessor directives, header files, and function definitions. It also describes various math and trigonometric functions available in the standard library like sqrt, pow, sin, cos, and log. The rest of the document outlines the steps to compile and execute a C program and defines key concepts like variables, constants, and data types in C.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language, including its history, basic structure, data types, operators, input/output, decision making, looping, functions, arrays, pointers, strings, structures, file handling, and linked data structures. Some key topics covered include the C compilation process, basic C program structure, common data types like int and char, arithmetic, relational, and logical operators, if/else and switch statements, while, do-while and for loops, defining functions, and passing arguments to functions.
The document discusses the C programming language. It states that C was created by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in 1972 to develop the UNIX operating system. It became more widely used after Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie published the first description of C in 1978. C is a general-purpose, high-level language that produces efficient, low-level code and can be compiled on many platforms. It is widely used to develop operating systems, compilers, databases and other systems programs.
This document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses that C was developed in the 1970s as a system programming language and is still widely used today. The document outlines key features of C including data types, operators, expressions, input/output functions, and the basic structure of a C program with function definitions and variable declarations. It also describes basic program elements in C like variables, constants, and data types in detail.
C is a procedural programming language. It was developed in the early 1970s and is still widely used. The document provides an overview of key aspects of C including data types, variables, constants, operators, control statements like if/else, and functions. It also discusses C programming concepts like low-level vs high-level languages, header files, comments, escape sequences, and more. The document serves as a useful introduction and reference for someone learning the basics of the C programming language.
The document provides an introduction to algorithms and key concepts related to algorithms such as definition, features, examples, flowcharts, pseudocode. It also discusses different types of programming languages from first to fifth generation. Key points of structured programming approach and introduction to C programming language are explained including data types, variables, constants, input/output functions, operators, type conversion etc.
The document provides an introduction to programming in C++. It discusses the software development cycle including compiling, linking, and debugging programs. It also covers key programming concepts like variables, data types, functions, classes and objects. The evolution of C++ from C is described. Input/output statements like cout and cin are demonstrated along with basic program structure.
Do you want to learn basic information about the c Language?
Yes!
That’s great.
This pdf is the right choice for you.
Here, I will provide you all the basic information about C language.
You can visit our blog to enjoy our original post.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the C programming language. It discusses what a computer is and how programming languages work. It introduces machine language and high-level languages like C. Key aspects of C are explained, including data types, variables, operators, functions, and basic syntax. Examples of simple C programs are provided.
The document provides an introduction to the C programming language. It discusses the fundamentals of C including data types, variables, operators, control structures, arrays, functions, pointers, structures, unions, and file handling. The three key modules covered are: 1) C fundamentals, 2) arrays, functions, and strings, and 3) pointers, structures, unions, and file handling.
C is a general purpose programming language developed in the 1970s. It has features like control structures, looping statements, and arrays that make it well-suited for business and scientific applications. A C program executes in four steps - creating the program, compiling it, linking it to libraries, and executing the final executable file. C has keywords, variables, data types, operators, and conditional statements that allow for structured programming and control flow.
C was developed in the 1970s and is a popular and widely used programming language today. It is well-suited for systems programming and embedded systems due to its portability, efficiency, and ability to access hardware. A C program consists of functions written in a logical sequence to perform tasks. The main function is the starting point and every program must contain one. C programs are compiled in two steps - preprocessing and compilation - to create an executable binary file.
C was developed in the 1970s and is a popular programming language used widely for systems programming and other applications. The document discusses the history and characteristics of C, the structure of C programs including functions and files used, basic syntax elements like variables, data types, constants and comments. It also covers compiling and executing C programs.
C is a general-purpose programming language developed in the 1970s. It was created by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs to be used for the Unix operating system. Some key features of C include it being a mid-level language, supporting structured programming, having a rich standard library, and allowing for pointers and recursion. A simple "Hello World" program in C prints a message using printf and waits for input with getch. C supports various data types, operators, control structures like if/else and loops, functions, arrays, and pointers.
This document provides an introduction to fundamentals of programming with C#, including definitions of key concepts like algorithms, variables, data types, operators, and conditional statements. It explains that programming involves describing what you want the computer to do as a sequence of steps or algorithms. The stages of software development are outlined as gathering requirements, planning/design, implementation, testing, deployment, support, and documentation. An overview of C# programming language fundamentals is also provided, such as basic syntax structure, defining classes and methods, and using the console for input/output.
Chapter-2 edited on Programming in Can refer this pptANISHYAPIT
C was developed in the 1970s and is a popular and widely used programming language today. It is well suited for systems programming due to its portability, efficiency, and ability to access hardware. A C program consists of functions written in a logical sequence to perform tasks. Key aspects of C include its small size, support for pointers and structures, and suitability for both low-level and structured programming.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
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Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
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A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
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2. introduction
C is general purpose languagewhich is very closely
associated with unix for which it was developed in bell
laboratories.
Most of the programs UNIX are written and run with
help of c
Many of ideas from of c stem are from BCPL, BY
Martin Richards
In 1972 Dennis ritchie at bell laboratories wrote c
language which caused a revoultion in computing
world
3. About c
C is a programmin language which can used to develop
the softwares or applications
C can be defined as Mother language because different
programmin languages c++,python,.net.
C can be defined as structure oriented programming
language
C program instructions will executed line-by-line one
after the another and we need to write few statements
in specified place only
C can be defined as procedure oriented programmin
language.
4. Translator
Are the softwares which can translate the program
instruction s from one format to another
Types of translatores :-
1 compiler :H.L.L -> M.L(At a time all scan)
2 Assembler :A.L ->M.l
3 Interpreter : H.L.L->M.L(at one time line by
• line scanning)
• H.L.L means high level language
• M.L - middle level
• A.L - Assemble language
5. High level language :- I is nothing but general english
language
Middle level language:H.L.L+Assemble language
6. SOFTWARE
Software:- a software is a programor a set of programs
system software:- are the software specially designed from
system
ex: drivers-audio
-printers
Application software:- software are designeed from users
Desktop application – which installation to use .
als known as stand alone applications
Web application – are the application runs on the server
this is shareable
ex :- gmail.com
7. History of c
BASIC-beginners all purpose symbolic insruction code
Cobol-commom business oriented language
Fortran-formula transaltion
Pascal
Algol- algorthamic language
Cpl-combined programming laguage
BCPL – basic combined programming laguage
Traditional c
Ansic(american national standard instution)
C95
c99
8. features
1 middle level language –h.l.l +a.l
c programs can be written using H.L.L as well as
Assemble language
so c is called middle level language
Writing c programs much easier than assemble Language
2 pre-defined language c:- c language offers pre-defined
function
3 Modularity a program can divieded into su programs to
perform different operations.here such program called
“function”
9. 4 Extensibilty c programs can extend usily
5 Memory Management:- in c language we can
allocated the memory dynamically as our requrement
so that use of memory efficient and no wastage of
memory
6.Fast and efficient
7.portable
10. C programs built from
Variable and type declarations
Functions
Statements
Expressions
11. a sample c program
#include<stdio.h>
Int man{
Other statements
}
12. Header files
The files specified include section is called as header
file.
These are precompiled files has some functions
defined in them
Source file is extension .c
Header file is extension .h
13. Main function
This is entry point of program
When file is executed the start point is main function
From the main function the flow goes as programmers
choice
Main function is compoulsory of any c program
14. Tokens type in c
Constants:-
Integer Constants – Refers to sequence of digits such as
decimal integer, octal integer and hexadecimal integer. –
Some of the examples are 112, 0551, 56579u, 0X2 etc.
• Real Constants – The floating point constants such as
0.0083, -0.78, +67.89 etc.
• Single Character Constants – A single char const contains a
single character enclosed within pair of single quotes [ ‘ ’ ].
For example, ‘8’, ‘a’ , ‘i’ etc.
• String Constants – A string constant is a sequence of
characters enclosed in double quotes [ “ ” ]; For example,
“0211”, “Stack Overflow” etc
15. Data types
All Variables use data-type during declaration to
restrict the type of data to be stored. We can say that
data types are used to tell the variables the type of data
it can store.
Primitive Data Types: Predefined Data Types and can
be used directly by the user to declare variables.
Example:- int, char, float, etc.
User defined data types:- These data types are defined
by user itself.
Example :- Defining a Strucute in C or a union.
16. variables
Variables is a name of a memory location which holds
any data
When you create a variable in C, you must give it a data
type. You can assign a value to the variable at the time
you create it or later in your program code. This is
known as initializing the variable.
Example:- int myVar = 0;
Rules :-
No space
36-40 no lengthy characters
17. operators
Operators are the foundation of any programming
language. We can define operators as symbols that helps us
to perform specific mathematical and logical computations
on operands. Types:-
Arithmetic operators:- used to perform mathematical
operation.(+,-,*,/,%,++,--).
Relational operators:- used for comparison of the values of
two operands.(==,>,=,<=).
Logical operators:- used to combine two or more
conditions.(True or false)
Bitwise operators:- used to perform bit-level operations on
the operands. And many more
18. statements
Output statement:-
*printf is a pre-defined function it can used to prints
message,values or result of the program
Syntax
printf(“ this is c programming”)
Input statement:-
Scanf():-
It is pre-defined function it can be used to read the values to
variables from keyoard at runtime of program
Syntax:- scanf(“format specifier list”,variable list with address
operator
19. If statement
The if statements are concerned with Boolean logic. If
the statement is true, the block of code associated with
the if statement is executed. If the statement is false ,
control either falls through to the line after the if
statement, or after the closing curly brace of an if
statement block.
Eg:- char response = ‘y’;
if (response == ‘y’ || response == ‘Y’)
{ cout << “positive response received” << endl ;}
20. Switch staements
If there are too many else if statements, code can
become messy and difficult to follow.in this scenario, a
better solution is to use a switch statement . The
switch statement simply replaces multiple else if
statements.
Eg:- char response = ‘y’ ;
Switch (response) { case ‘y’ : break ;
Case ‘n’ : break ;
Default : brea
21. Loops :-
A loop is a reptative process.
Types :-
1.while
Syntax:-while(condition)
{
satatements
}
2.Do-while
syntax:- do{statements;
}while(condition);
3.For loop- for(intilization,condtion,inc/dec)
Advantage:
1.reduce length of file
2.save time
22. Arrays in c
Array is a collection of data items all of same types
Three types of array
1.one dimensional array
2. two dimensional array
3. multi dimensional array
Array declaration syntax: data type arr_name[array_size];
Learnt how to declare and initialize at compile time and run time
STRING IN C
A string in C is merely an array of characters
The length of a string is determined by a terminating null character:
'0‘
String has some in built functions so it can save our time space and
efficient
23. Functions
A Function is a block of statementswhich can useed to
perform any operation
Pre-defined
User defined
Function terminology:-
function prototype
Function calling
Function definition
Parametres
Return type
25. Strucure and union
Strucure:- collection of hetrogenous elements
each member have memory location
Struct is keyword
individual members are accesed at a time
Several members are initialised at once
Union:
Memory allocated individual member
Union is keyword
only first members are intilised
Only one meber is accesd
26. pointers
pointres:- it holds address of another varibel
1 & address of pointer
2. (*) value at addres pointer
Types
1,wild poiunter;- a pointer is not intilaised
2dangling:-which pointer arise an object is deleted or deallocated
without modifying value of pointer.
3.Null pointer:- initialize a pointer variable when that pointer
variable isn’t assigned any valid memory address A
4.void pointer is a pointer that has no associated data type with
it. A void pointer can hold address of any type and can be
typcasted to a
any type. Advantage :- malloc() calloc() is allocated at any type
27. DYNAMIC MEMORY ALLOCATION
It is aprocess of allocating memory during execution time (or)
run time.
Header file:- alloc.h or stdlib.h
There are four types In this
1.malloc
2.calloc
3.realloc
4.free
By malloc and calloc we can increase our memory dynamically
By using realloc we can reallocate the memory if we want
After the programme has completed we can free our memory by
using free statement
28. File handling
It is a place on the disk we are a group of data stored
permananentlry
Types
Text file :-
It is humanread file
It is modifed
Extension is doc
Binary file :-
It is not human readable file
Extension is fof,efof
29. Types of file
Sequentaial
Random access
File operations :-
Read
Opening a file
Creating a file
Writing a file
Modifing a file