1. MUSEUMS!
INDUSTRY?
Prof. Dr. André Stork
Head of Competence Center 'Interactive Engineering
Technologies'
Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung IGD
Fraunhoferstrasse 5 | 64283 Darmstadt | Germany
Telefon +49 6151 155-469 | Fax +49 6151 155-139
andre.stork@igd.fraunhofer.de
www.igd.fraunhofer.de

2. MY BACKGROUND
 Computer Science
 Computer Graphics
 Modelling, Interaction, Visualization
 Industrial Applications
 CH projects
 ArtNouveau, VirtualShowcase, CineSpace, 3D-COFORM
© Fraunhofer IGD

3. MY DEPARTMENT
 Interactive Engineering Technologies
 Modelling Reality
 Geometry, Behaviour, Knowledge
 GPU-centered computing
 Simulation, Visualization, Rendering
© Fraunhofer IGD

4. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
MOTIVATION
© Fraunhofer IGD

5. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
MOTIVATION
acquisition
documentation
research
conservation
display sales &
delivery
exhibition &
education
PR & marketing
© Fraunhofer IGD

6. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
DEFINITIONS
 Museum
A…
 building, place, or institution
 devoted to the
 acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of
objects
 having
 scientific, historical, or artistic value. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009
 Industry
1. Commercial production and sale of goods.
2. The sector of an economy made up of manufacturing enterprises.
3. A specific branch of manufacture and trade, e.g. the textile industry.
© Fraunhofer IGD

7. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
MISSION
 Museum  Industry (car)
 preserving culture and the past  sell ‚mobility‘
 entertain and educate visitors  entertain driver / passengers
 support national education objectives  technology leadership
 contribute to scholarship  Publish
 publish  Educate
 operate with financial efficiency  maximize profits
 increasing competition, e.g.  competitive market
 cinemas, games  Korean, Indian, Chinese
© Fraunhofer IGD

8. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
STATISTICS
 Museum  Industry (car)
 # of musuems: 17.500 (US only)  # of cars produced in 2011 (Oct. 16)
 # of visitors  approx. 48 Mio.
 850 million visitors per year (US only)  # of cars worldwide: > 600 Mio.
 approx. 50.000 visitors/museum  US: ~ 250 Mio.
 # of artifacts  ~ 136 Mio. passenger cars
 uncountable  development and production costs
 unique, irreplacable, infinite value  billions of $$ for a new car model
 institution  companies
 often CH items themself  hundreds of billions (stock value)
source: http://www.aam-us.org/ source: International Organization of
aboutmuseums/abc.cfm Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA))
© Fraunhofer IGD

9. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
PRODUCTS
 Museum  Industry (car)
 permanent collection  cars
 exhibition  options
 loan objects  patents
 travelling exhibitions  service
 items in museum shops  accessoires
 licences  driving courses
 knowledge
© Fraunhofer IGD

10. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
PRODUCT COSTS
 Museum  Industry (car)
 money spent by visitor  cost per car:
 $7.22 per visitor  in the order of tens of thousands $$
 BUT cost of serving a visitor is $31.40  average cost per mile:
 52.2 cents (AAA)
 ticket prices are moderate  car prices are much higher
 break-even only after selling tens of
thousands of the same type
© Fraunhofer IGD

11. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
SOME CALCULATIONS
 # US citizens: ~ 300 Mio.
 ~ 3 museum visits per head per year
 for the money spend per visit
 one can drive approx. 14 miles
© Fraunhofer IGD

12. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
acquisition
documentation
research
conservation
display sales &
delivery
exhibition &
education
PR & marketing
© Fraunhofer IGD

13. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
acquisition
© Fraunhofer IGD

14. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
ACQUISITION AND EXHIBITION PLANNING
 Museum
 Planning acquisition
and exhibition
 Influences
 Identity
 History
 Scope
 Expertise
( © Victoria Albert Museum)
© Fraunhofer IGD

15. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
PRODUCT PLANNING
 Industry (car)
 Product planning
 Influences
 Tradition & Expertise
 Technology / trends
 Use scenarios
 Legislative requirements
 Demographics
( © image courtesy of BMW AG)
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16. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
research
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17. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
RESEARCH
 Museum
 Which era is the found from?
 How was it made?
 Which tools?
 How did it look?
 How did it work?
 How does it affect society?
 Building hypotheses …
 Compare with others
 Creating insight / expertise
 Document current state of science
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18. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
RESEARCH
 Museum
 Chisel marks
 tells us how somebody worked …
 their lifestyle …
 … we learn about ourselves …
Image by Rusinkiewicz
et al, 2006
© Fraunhofer IGD

19. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
RESEARCH
 Museum
 Assembly
 parts of a whole
 fragments
( © Victoria Albert Museum)
© Fraunhofer IGD

20. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
RESEARCH
 Museum
 Object comparison
( © KUL)
 Industry
( © PartMaster)
© Fraunhofer IGD

21. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
 Industry (car)
 How does the product have to be
designed to function?
 Does it still work after 100.000 km?
 Can we produce it at reasonable costs?
 digital 3D models as basis for the whole
engineering process …
 styling and design
 simulation (up to 120 different tools)
( © Abaqus)
 production
© Fraunhofer IGD

22. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
 Industry (car)
 digital 3D models as basis for multiple
simulations
 assembling simulation
( © Teraport)
 packaging
( © Fraunhofer SCAI)
© Fraunhofer IGD

23. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
 Industry (car)
 digital 3D models as basis for multiple
simulations
 stamping
( © PamStamp)
 stress
( © Ansys)
© Fraunhofer IGD

24. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS
 Museums
 applications for simulation ?
 support design
( © Fraunhofer iGD)
© Fraunhofer IGD

25. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
documentation
© Fraunhofer IGD

26. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
DOCUMENTATION
 Museum
 Documentation
© Fraunhofer IGD

27. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
DOCUMENTATION
 Industry (car)
 Product data management systems
 3D models
 people, groups
 tasks
 gates
 project plans
 access rights
© Fraunhofer IGD

28. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
conservation
© Fraunhofer IGD

29. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
CONSERVATION
 Museum
 today
 many pictures
 conservation reports
 tomorrow?
 digital 3D documentation
 3D scans before and after conservation
 conservation reports attached to
digital 3D models
 long term digital preservation
 life cycle documentation
© Fraunhofer IGD

30. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
CONSERVATION: CAR INDUSTRY?
 Industry (car)
 digital 3D model (styling department)
 numerical control (milling department)
 physical model (1:4 or 1:1)
http://www.fiatmio.cc/makingof/en/
© Fraunhofer IGD

31. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
CONSERVATION: CAR INDUSTRY?
 Industry (car)
 clay modelling
( © BMW AG / Daimler AG)
 digitisation
( © Breuckmann GmbH)
 digital 3D model
© Fraunhofer IGD

32. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
COMPARISON
 Museums  Industry (car)
 complex objects  Exterior
 rough surfaces  smooth surfaces
 depth complexity  surface re-engineering into
‚editable‘ higher order surfaces
 geometric precision
 points / triangles acceptable
 material representation a MUST
 Interior
 requirement for accurate materials
stimulated research, e.g.  complex materials
 => TU Bonn
© Fraunhofer IGD

33. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL
( © Fraunhofer IGD)
© Fraunhofer IGD

34. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL
© Fraunhofer IGD

35. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
MATERIAL AND GEOMETRY
( © Spheron)
( © Fraunhofer IGD)
© Fraunhofer IGD

36. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
MATERIAL AND GEOMETRY
 Car interior
 design reviews
 car configurators
 marketing
( © PI-VR)
© Fraunhofer IGD

37. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
display
© Fraunhofer IGD

38. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
‘PRODUCTION‘ FOR DISPLAY
 Museums
 Manufacturing of …
 individual replicas
 higher volumes of instances for
museum shops
 rarely 3D and STL as basis for replica
production
( image courtesy of Cyprus Institute)
© Fraunhofer IGD

39. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
PRODUCTION
 Industry (car)
 rapid prototyping (RP) for physical
prototypes
 high quality
( © Ford AG)
 digital factory planning
 production of …
 tens of thousands of cars
 variations of the same model
 all of the same size
( © Opel GmbH)
© Fraunhofer IGD

40. MUSEUMS! INDUSTRY?
3D PRINTING
 3D printing
 Future: Print at home at any size!
 Challenge: How to print realistically optically complex materials?
© Fraunhofer IGD

41. SUMMARY
 Industry (car)
 3D-centered processes design engineering
 digitally born objects
 physical prototypes still vital
product suppliers
planning procurement
 market concentration
 big players
 tendency to minimize
number of tools service production
 pressure on suppliers
 parts, tools
 software use sales
© Fraunhofer IGD

42. SUMMARY
 Museums
 physically born objects
 digital 3D documentation
not yet a daily practical tool
 many individual expertise
 no central use of 3D
 different structure
 different requirements
© Fraunhofer IGD

43. TAKE AWAY MESSAGES
 Museums / industry
 many commonalities in business process stages
 potentially similar use cases
 Industry
 does not work without digital 3D models anymore
 learn from London Charter
 trackable documentation, document as maintained (conserved)
 Museums
 3D as an add-on, not a vital part of the business processes yet
 fragmented field
 join together to maximize market power (requirements towards tailored software
tools)
© Fraunhofer IGD

44. OUTLOOK
 last decade: 3D in industry – this decade: 3D in CH at large
 economic digitization AND documentation
 industrialization of 3D digitization
 3D internet helps 3D at large – cmp. 3D games
 research !!!
© Fraunhofer IGD

45. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
QUESTIONS?
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