This document presents the final year project of 12 students on designing and implementing a low-cost vacuum cleaner. The project involved building a vacuum cleaner using common household materials like plastic bottles, a 12V DC motor, and a deodorant can. The summary describes the 5 main steps followed to build the vacuum cleaner, including cutting bottles to form the structure, making a fan from a deodorant can, attaching the motor and fan, adding a nozzle and suction tube, and wiring it to a power source. In conclusion, the document discusses the working principle of vacuum cleaners and potential areas of improvement for the designed prototype.

2. FiNAL YEAR project
project presentation on
Design and implementation of low-cost vacuum cleaner
Submitted by :-
1. Shiba Mukherjee
2. Santanu Bhunia
3. Shankha Shubhra Mandal
4. Sk Abid Hossen
5. Somnath Naskar
6. Soumik Pal
7. Sourav Das
8. Sourav Mete
9.Sourav Sahoo
10.Subhadip Bhowmik
11. Subhodip Sarkar
12. Subir Roy
Guided by :-
Prof:- Rajeshwar Das , HOD (Mech) :- Prof:- Dipankar Sipai
DEPT:- MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (2019-2022)

3. Abstract :-
The goal is to build an electric vacuum cleaner using a 12V battery. We concluded that 12V battery is enough to
build an electric vacuum rather than using battery of higher Volts .So that 12V battery works effectively and
easily. The machine functions even better by using low volts machines. Materials used to build the vacuum
cleaner are: 2.25 L plastic bottle, 12V dc motor, switch, m-seal, one water bottle cap, an empty deodorant can
and an empty Otrivin plastic bottle.
Introduction :-
A vacuum cleaner is a device that uses an air pump to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt,
usually from floors, and from other surfaces such as upholstery and draperies. The dirt is collected by either a
dust bag or a cyclone for later disposal. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well as in industry, exist
in a variety of sizes and models small battery-powered hand-held devices, domestic central vacuum cleaner,
huge stationary industrial appliances that can handle several hundred litres of dust before being emptied,
and self-propelled vacuum trucks for recovery of large spills or removal of contaminated soil. Specialized
shop vacuums can be used to suck up both dust and liquids
In this project we have made an attempt to build a simple vacuum cleaner by organizing the simple
materials that are available in our surrounding environment. The simple materials we used here are Plastic
bottles, Deodorant cans, Meshes, Flexible pipes.

4. MATERIALS USED TO BUID A VACUUM CLEANER :-
Here we used two empty plastic bottles. one is a 2.25 L bottle to provide mechanical support and other is a
small plastic bottle (otrivin) for making the nozzle and a deodorant bottle for preparing a fan, scissor to cut
the deodorant can and a 12v DC motor and a ballpoint pen for marking purpose and soldering gun for
making holes on the base of the 600 ML bottle. An M-seal glue and a small bending pipe are also used for
making the nozzle
Apparatus :-
• Water bottle(2.25 L)
• DC electric motor 12V
• Small exhaust fan Vaccum pipe/suction pipe
• M-seal glue
• Wires
• Electric switches
• DC battery (12 V / 7 Ah)
• Small piece of net clothe/Mesh
• Double sided tape & polystyrene foam
• Fiber handle
• Deodorant bottle

5. STEPS WE FOLLOWED TO BUILD A VACUUM CLEANER:-
STEP1: The 2.25 litre plastic bottle was marked around the circumference by using a marker and made two halves
with the help of a cutter and a scissor. Next, the deodorant bottle was cut off at the top and bottom to produce a
nice flat sheet of metal.
STEP2: In order to making a fan, we took the nice flat sheet that we obtained from the deodorant bottle. The open
circumference of the plastic bottle was marked with a marker, fairly sketched and cut. We then cut the marked bit
out of the metal sheet and made a nice round metal disc. The obtained metal ruler was drawn with two sets of
perpendicular lines and divided the disk into eight equal segments meeting at the center. We cut along, not all the
way to the center, Left a little room away from the hole. That produced eight wings connected by a small segment of
the disk. The wings are twisted in the same direction to produce our own fan blades.

6. (Procedure of making a vacuum cleaner )
STEP3: Now the fan and motor are assembled. The either side of the crafted fan’s center is glued
with m-seal attached to the rotating rod on the 12v dc motor and pressed hard to tighten it. Here
we used m-seal because it provides an extra strength around the joints. Then a circle is marked out
around the base of the plastic bottle to fit the DC motor. With the help of a soldering rod, we drilled
around the bottle's base and made a series of small holes to allow the exhaust air to escape. The
motor is wired and then added a cap to cover the wiring which we glued inside the base of the
bottle and cut out the central circle made the DC motor to fit into the bottle. Once completion, the
motor is placed inside the bottle, After making sure that the fan blades are inside the bottle. Then
the vacuum is started to take a shape. Now an open part of the top section of the other half plastic
bottle is trimmed around the edge of the bottle leaving about 10mm excess. This formed a basic
filter for the cleaner. We mounted this on a handmade ring of wire that will be removable and taped
outside of the bottle using double sided sticky plastic tape and placed a mesh towards it. Then we
connected the front assembly into the open section of the base with motor and fan .Secured the
seal with sticky plastic tape to form a nice airtight seal that completed the main assembly.
STEP 4: The bottle cap from the previous bottle is taken and made a large hole in the center big
enough to accommodate the bendy plastic tube we made sure we acquired before beginning this
build and then Glued in that place. The small Otrivin plastic bottle is taken to make a similar hole in
the base and glued it to the other end of the pipe and made the nozzle.

7. (Procedure of making a vacuum cleaner )
Step 5: We screwed the bottle cap end onto the top of the main body.Finally, we wired up the motor and
attached to a plug assembly to connect it to the mains. Plug that in, Depending on which options we
went for to empty either take the top off or simply take off the nozzle and tube
II. COMPONENTS
PLASTIC BOTTLE: A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed from plastic. Plastic bottles are typically used to store
liquids. Here in building a vacuum cleaner, it is the basic material which acts as mechanical support.

8. (Apparatus used for making a vacuum cleaner )
2. SMALL (OTRIVIN) PLASTIC BOTTLE: It is used to make a nozzle. The base of bottle is made hole
and it is glued to the pipe to make a nozzle so that it helps in sucking the dust by its opening
3. 12V DC MOTOR: It helps to run the exhaust fan.

9. (Apparatus)
3. EXHAUST FAN: An empty deodorant is helpful in making a nice flat sheet of metal through which an
exhaust fan is made. As the fan blades turn, they force air forward, toward the exhaust fan. The density of
particles increases in front of the fan and decreases behind the fan. When air particles are driven forward.
4. M-SEAL GLUE: It is used to place and fix the motor inside the bottle and also it acts as glue material in which the exhaust fan
is glued to the motor rod.

10. (Apparatus)
5. SUCTION PIPE: Suction pipe along with a small plastic bottle(otrivin) helps in making a nozzle
through which dust is sucked.
6. MESH: It helps in preventing the dust that enters into the exhaust fan chamber. It is optional to use but it is
recommended.

11. Diagram:-

12. Final Model of vacuum cleaner:-

13. Working principle of the vacuum cleaner
Materials flow from one location to another when a pressure difference is created between two locations. This phenomenon is
the basic working principle of an ideal vacuum cleaner. When a centrifugal fan rotates it makes the air to flow by adding it
external kinetic energy. Air is sucked from behind and pushed forward with pressure and so negative pressure it creates behind
the fan. An ideal vacuum cleaner has such centrifugal fan in it connected to a motor. This unit has suction and discharge
connections, on the suction side filter bag is fitted before the hose connection. The discharge has another air purifier filter
and opened to the atmosphere. When the electric power is given the motor rotates and so the centrifugal fan. Air from the
suction side is sucked into the unit, along with the air all air born particles, cat allergen, mist, dirt, and small solid particles are
carried to the suction filter. They are trapped in the filter and dirt free air is pushed out from the discharge opening.

14. Working principle of the vacuum cleaner
 How does a vacuum work physics?
Vacuum cleaners work because of Bernoulli’s Principle, which states that as the speed of air increases, the
pressure decreases. A fan inside the vacuum forces air toward the exhaust port at a high speed, which lowers
the pressure of the air inside, according to Bernoulli’s Principle.
 Why do vacuums cause suction?
Suction generated by a fan motor powers a vacuum cleaner as it pulls dirt through a chamber or hose and
then deposits the debris into a bag or a cup. Some vacuum cleaners have a rotating brush or a beater bar at
the end of a nozzle to help agitate and sweep dirt into the suction chamber.
 How does upright vacuum work?
Upright vacuum cleaners usually have rotating brushes on the bottom to knock dirt loose from your carpet.
The brushes may be rotated by the vacuum’s motor or simply by the rushing air. This stream of air acts just
like a stream of water.
 What causes a vacuum?
In general, a vacuum is created by starting with air at atmospheric pressure within a chamber of some sort.
At atmospheric pressure, the gas molecules are very close together; and as they are in constant motion, the
distance between molecule-to-molecule collisions is very short.
 What happens when you create a vacuum?
In general, a vacuum is created by starting with air at atmospheric pressure within a chamber of some sort.
As molecules are removed by the vacuum pump, the distance between collisions becomes greater and
greater.

15. Working principle of the vacuum cleaner
How does a suction motor in a vacuum work?
The suction motor creates vacuum pressure and suction by rotating a
motor fan. The impeller rotates at an incredibly high speed of about
30,000 to 35,000 RPM. A suction motor’s power is measured by
multiplying the rate of air flow and the vacuum pressure, which induces
air flow from the brush through the hose.

16. CONCLUSION:-
Conclusion The development of the bottle vaccum cleaner was by no means an isolated
occurrence,Evidenced the many models available today's the vacuum has evolved over time
and become more diverse in its uses. Originally only an option for the elite who could not
afford cleaning servants, The price of the dirt flip hand vaccum is almost 66950.This shows
how they have increased in their affordability, but we'll prepared my bottle vaccum cleaner is
1000/- . Further, relevant social groups were influential upon the design and marketing of the
vacuum. Households first had to be convinced to purchase the item, and in response to their
wants,vacuums were developed to complete other house hold tasks. Patents also played an
important role in developing the vacuum because they encouraged innovation by securing
developers with rights to their designs. We are in case proves how owning a patent provides a
company with power, and can secure them as a competitor in the market. More modern
developments of the bottle vacuum cleaner sho!its continuous progression and how the
evolution of artifacts often results from other the development of other technologies within
society. The creation and Modification of the bottle vacuum cleaner in the past century has
been the result of adjustments in society, for as changes in households, businesses, and
technologies have occurred,vacuum cleaners have evolved.

17. FUTURE SCOPE:-
• Instead of using water bottles we can also use of PVC pipes to
increase its durability.
• It is even better to use motor with lesser volts as it increases the
efficiency of the machine. As the efficiency increases performance
also increases.

18. • Wikipedia DIY you tube channel : https://youtu.be/jkQsBD5WtDo
• Another website (working principal): http://enggyd.blogspot.com
• Special : Prof. Rajeshwar Das
References

19. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the course of the study we have received encouragement assistance and co-
operation some persons in different way.
At first we express our deep sense of gratitude to our project guide Mr. Rajeswar
Das, lecturer of M.E. department , South Calcutta Polytechnic for his valuable
guidance and constructive criticism during the tenure of the project , without
whose keen interest and constant encouragement the worked would not be
shaped in present stage .
We also express our deep sense of gratitude to Sri Parimal Chandra, principle of
south Calcutta polytechnic for giving us an opportunity to fulfill our aspiration
to become an engineer .
We convey our best thanks to our resected Teachers of M.E. department for
their every nearest suggestion .
We also obliged Author whose books were consulted for this work.