Valeo Refrigerant Gas 2012-2013 catalogue 955600Hugo Vallet
Valeo Refrigerant Gas 2012-2013 catalogue 955600
As one of the world's leader in A/C system manufacturing, Valeo masters the O.E. technical expertise of its products and proposes a complete Air Conditioning loop offer.
It provides more than 2400 part numbers divided into 16 product families. Regularly updated, the new range 2012 offer includes:
• more than 240 novelties
• a new condensers Asian range extension
Besides the product offer, Valeo proposes as well many services and garage equipment:
• diagnostic tools (ClimTest+)
• the ClimFill® stations range (5 refill stations: ClimFill® One, ClimFill® First, ClimFill® Auto, ClimFill® Expert and ClimFill® Truck & Bus)
• accessories (o'rings, oils, universal dye)
As an A/C expert, Valeo manufactures also its Cabin Air Filters. With the aim to preserve the cleanness of the air in addition Valeo implemented the Air Quality concept based on:
• Cabin Air Filters (ClimFilter™)
• A/C cleaner (ClimPur™)
• Cabin Purifier (ClimSpray™)
This Refrigerant Gas catalogue will allow you to find the type of oil and the quantity you need to put in each vehicle. Easy to use, it will be perfect for the maintenance of A/C systems.
Discover also Valeo Air Conditioning 2012 catalogue 955580: http://www.slideshare.net/ValeoService/valeo-air-conditioning-2012-955580-catalogue
• Learn more about compressor functions in the A/C loop: http://youtu.be/mRC0dYZiRqg
• Learn more about condenser functions in the A/C loop: http://youtu.be/q8b_vb_OTT0
• Learn more about receiver dryer functions in the A/C loop: http://youtu.be/cEdwzi4-ZrQ
• Learn more about blower functions in the A/C loop: http://youtu.be/tmzA6EFMM4w
Valeo, automotive technology, naturally
Causes for Pressure Surge
Consequences of Surge
Few Definitions
Analysis of Pressure Surge
Variation of wavespeed with pipeline characteristics
System Protection against Surge
System Design Solutions
Selection of System for Surge Protection
Tracking
Treeing
Erosion
Chalking
Crazing
Cracking
Hydrolysis
Puncture
Specified mechanical load (s.m.l)
Tensile load
Routine test load (r.t.l.)
Cantilever load
Compressive load
Maximum working combined loads
Working cantilever load (w.c. L.)
Maximum design rating (mdr)
Proof-test load
Delamination
Dielectric properties of insulation
Insulating material
Properties of insulating material
Porcelain insulator
Glass insulator
Advantages of glass insulator
Disadvantages of glass insulator
Polymer insulator
Core
Housing
Weathersheds
End fitting
Coupling zone
Interface
Characteristics
Advantages of polymer insulator
Disadvantages of polymer insulator
Pin insulator Structure
Petticoats Causes of insulator failures Designing consideration of pin insulator Dimensions for pin insulators Helically formed pin insulator types Post insulator Suspension insulator Advantages of suspension insulator Disadvantages of suspension insulator
Strain insulator Ball & socket type Tongue & clevis type
Stay/guy strain insulator Types of guy insulators Type of insulators for guy insulators Basic insulator level for guy insulators Mechanical strength for guy insulators Shackle insulator or spool insulator
Insulator design
Basic design concepts
Material selection
Core
Weathersheds
End fittings
Insulator design
Pollution consideration
Table-1
Pollution severity levels
Relation between the pollution level and the specific creepage distance
Application of the "specific creepage distance" concept
Parameters characterizing the profile
Influence of the position of insulators
Influence of the diameter
Determination of the creepage distance
The document discusses centrifugal pumps. It begins by defining what a pump is and its main purposes and categories. It then focuses on centrifugal pumps, describing their basic components as a casing, impeller, and driver/motor. It explains how centrifugal pumps work by using centrifugal force to increase pressure and flow of a liquid. The document outlines advantages like simplicity and lower costs, and disadvantages like inability to handle highly viscous liquids. It provides examples of impeller types and compares centrifugal pumps to other pump types. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of centrifugal pump components, working mechanism, characteristics, and comparison to other pumps.
The document discusses cavitation in high energy pumps. It provides an overview of cavitation, how to detect it, and what causes it. Cavitation occurs when vapor bubbles form in a liquid due to a local pressure drop below the vapor pressure. When these bubbles collapse as pressure increases, it can cause damage to pump components from micro jets of liquid. The document explains factors like net positive suction head (NPSH) required by pumps and available from system components in order to prevent cavitation. It also discusses how cavitation affects pumps and methods for detecting potential damage.
This Presentation gives information on How Generator in Power Plants are protected with State of art technologies. Also provide information how latest Power System Protection technologies are more reliable operation.
The document provides an overview of basic hydraulic principles and components. It explains that hydraulics involves using pressurized liquids to transmit power and describes the three main sections of a hydraulic system: the drive section which includes cylinders and motors, the energy control section with valves, and the power supply section with pumps, reservoirs and other components. It then discusses key hydraulic concepts like Pascal's principle and displacement transmission. Finally, it outlines different types of hydraulic pumps including gear, vane and screw pumps as well as filters, coolers and other components.
This chapter introduces the project, which is to create an advanced user guide for the ETAP software to analyze power system protection designs. The guide will explain how to create a one-line diagram, configure protection equipment, perform fault and short circuit analysis. The objectives are to help engineers learn and apply ETAP, while the constraints include completing all tasks by the deadline and within budget.
Valeo Refrigerant Gas 2012-2013 catalogue 955600Hugo Vallet
Valeo Refrigerant Gas 2012-2013 catalogue 955600
As one of the world's leader in A/C system manufacturing, Valeo masters the O.E. technical expertise of its products and proposes a complete Air Conditioning loop offer.
It provides more than 2400 part numbers divided into 16 product families. Regularly updated, the new range 2012 offer includes:
• more than 240 novelties
• a new condensers Asian range extension
Besides the product offer, Valeo proposes as well many services and garage equipment:
• diagnostic tools (ClimTest+)
• the ClimFill® stations range (5 refill stations: ClimFill® One, ClimFill® First, ClimFill® Auto, ClimFill® Expert and ClimFill® Truck & Bus)
• accessories (o'rings, oils, universal dye)
As an A/C expert, Valeo manufactures also its Cabin Air Filters. With the aim to preserve the cleanness of the air in addition Valeo implemented the Air Quality concept based on:
• Cabin Air Filters (ClimFilter™)
• A/C cleaner (ClimPur™)
• Cabin Purifier (ClimSpray™)
This Refrigerant Gas catalogue will allow you to find the type of oil and the quantity you need to put in each vehicle. Easy to use, it will be perfect for the maintenance of A/C systems.
Discover also Valeo Air Conditioning 2012 catalogue 955580: http://www.slideshare.net/ValeoService/valeo-air-conditioning-2012-955580-catalogue
• Learn more about compressor functions in the A/C loop: http://youtu.be/mRC0dYZiRqg
• Learn more about condenser functions in the A/C loop: http://youtu.be/q8b_vb_OTT0
• Learn more about receiver dryer functions in the A/C loop: http://youtu.be/cEdwzi4-ZrQ
• Learn more about blower functions in the A/C loop: http://youtu.be/tmzA6EFMM4w
Valeo, automotive technology, naturally
Causes for Pressure Surge
Consequences of Surge
Few Definitions
Analysis of Pressure Surge
Variation of wavespeed with pipeline characteristics
System Protection against Surge
System Design Solutions
Selection of System for Surge Protection
Tracking
Treeing
Erosion
Chalking
Crazing
Cracking
Hydrolysis
Puncture
Specified mechanical load (s.m.l)
Tensile load
Routine test load (r.t.l.)
Cantilever load
Compressive load
Maximum working combined loads
Working cantilever load (w.c. L.)
Maximum design rating (mdr)
Proof-test load
Delamination
Dielectric properties of insulation
Insulating material
Properties of insulating material
Porcelain insulator
Glass insulator
Advantages of glass insulator
Disadvantages of glass insulator
Polymer insulator
Core
Housing
Weathersheds
End fitting
Coupling zone
Interface
Characteristics
Advantages of polymer insulator
Disadvantages of polymer insulator
Pin insulator Structure
Petticoats Causes of insulator failures Designing consideration of pin insulator Dimensions for pin insulators Helically formed pin insulator types Post insulator Suspension insulator Advantages of suspension insulator Disadvantages of suspension insulator
Strain insulator Ball & socket type Tongue & clevis type
Stay/guy strain insulator Types of guy insulators Type of insulators for guy insulators Basic insulator level for guy insulators Mechanical strength for guy insulators Shackle insulator or spool insulator
Insulator design
Basic design concepts
Material selection
Core
Weathersheds
End fittings
Insulator design
Pollution consideration
Table-1
Pollution severity levels
Relation between the pollution level and the specific creepage distance
Application of the "specific creepage distance" concept
Parameters characterizing the profile
Influence of the position of insulators
Influence of the diameter
Determination of the creepage distance
The document discusses centrifugal pumps. It begins by defining what a pump is and its main purposes and categories. It then focuses on centrifugal pumps, describing their basic components as a casing, impeller, and driver/motor. It explains how centrifugal pumps work by using centrifugal force to increase pressure and flow of a liquid. The document outlines advantages like simplicity and lower costs, and disadvantages like inability to handle highly viscous liquids. It provides examples of impeller types and compares centrifugal pumps to other pump types. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of centrifugal pump components, working mechanism, characteristics, and comparison to other pumps.
The document discusses cavitation in high energy pumps. It provides an overview of cavitation, how to detect it, and what causes it. Cavitation occurs when vapor bubbles form in a liquid due to a local pressure drop below the vapor pressure. When these bubbles collapse as pressure increases, it can cause damage to pump components from micro jets of liquid. The document explains factors like net positive suction head (NPSH) required by pumps and available from system components in order to prevent cavitation. It also discusses how cavitation affects pumps and methods for detecting potential damage.
This Presentation gives information on How Generator in Power Plants are protected with State of art technologies. Also provide information how latest Power System Protection technologies are more reliable operation.
The document provides an overview of basic hydraulic principles and components. It explains that hydraulics involves using pressurized liquids to transmit power and describes the three main sections of a hydraulic system: the drive section which includes cylinders and motors, the energy control section with valves, and the power supply section with pumps, reservoirs and other components. It then discusses key hydraulic concepts like Pascal's principle and displacement transmission. Finally, it outlines different types of hydraulic pumps including gear, vane and screw pumps as well as filters, coolers and other components.
This chapter introduces the project, which is to create an advanced user guide for the ETAP software to analyze power system protection designs. The guide will explain how to create a one-line diagram, configure protection equipment, perform fault and short circuit analysis. The objectives are to help engineers learn and apply ETAP, while the constraints include completing all tasks by the deadline and within budget.
Practical handbook-for-relay-protection-engineersSARAVANAN A
The ‘Hand Book’ covers the Code of Practice in Protection Circuitry including standard lead and device numbers, mode of connections at terminal strips, colour codes in multicore cables, Dos and Donts in execution. Also, principles of various protective relays and schemes including special protection schemes like differential,
restricted, directional and distance relays are explained with sketches. The norms of protection of generators, transformers, lines & Capacitor Banks are also given.
This document provides installation instructions for heatshrink joints on 3 core 7.2/12kV XLPE armoured cable in 3 steps:
1. Prepare the cables and cores to the specified dimensions and install stress control tubes, mastic tapes and connectors.
2. Wrap the joint with tinned copper mesh and armour cage then apply outer shrink tubes.
3. Recover the outer shrink tubes with a heat source and allow the joint to cool before use.
1. The document provides information about training on current transformers (CTs) and capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) during a visit. It discusses the basic construction, use, maintenance, and failure modes of CTs and CVTs.
2. CTs can have live tank or dead tank designs. Live tank designs have higher risks of fire but can handle higher currents. CVTs are used for communication and monitoring line voltage/frequency.
3. The document outlines maintenance checks for CTs and CVTs including checking for oil leaks, insulation resistance, tangents delta values, and connections. High tangents delta, low insulation, or opening of windings can cause failures.
This document discusses novel insulation materials for high voltage cable systems that can overcome limitations of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). It introduces thermoplastic polymer blends of polyethylene and polypropylene as alternatives. Polyethylene blends use nanoscale inclusions of low-density polyethylene in a high-density polyethylene matrix, retaining flexibility at low temperatures and mechanical integrity at high temperatures. Polypropylene blends use copolymers to eliminate weak boundaries and phase separation that limit breakdown strength. These new thermoplastic blends promise more sustainable high voltage cable insulation with improved design flexibility compared to XLPE.
On load tap changer in a.c. locomotive transformer & air blast circuit b...vishalgohel12195
On load tap changer In A.C. locomotive transformer & Air blast circuit breaker
Introduction
Block diagram of A.C. Locomotive
Equipment of locomotive & their function
Advantages
Disadvantages
Turbines can be classified in several ways:
- By head and quantity of water as high, medium, or low head turbines
- By hydraulic action as impulse or reaction turbines
- By direction of water flow in the runner as tangential, radial, axial, or mixed flow
- By specific speed which is defined for Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines
- By disposition of the shaft as horizontal for Pelton and vertical for others
Centrifugal pumps work by using an impeller to increase the pressure and flow of a liquid. Liquid enters the center of the impeller and is accelerated outward by the curved blades of the impeller. This increases the pressure and flow of the liquid. Calculating the required head of a centrifugal pump involves accounting for static head, pipe friction losses, and adding additional head for safety. Proper pump selection is based on matching the required head and flow rate to the pump performance curves. Cavitation and ensuring adequate Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) are also important considerations for centrifugal pump operation.
Ifp ch. no. 4 intro. to & compon. of pneumatic systemAmol Kokare
Industrial Fluid power ppt for Ifp ch. no. 4 intro. to & compon. of pneumatic system, By Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Lecturer at Babasaheb phadtare polytechnic, Kalamb-Walchandnagar.
1) The document discusses interlocking, inter-tripping, and protection philosophies for electrical equipment to prevent unintended operations. Integral interlocks and trapped key interlocks are described that prevent certain operations unless other devices are in the proper position.
2) Potential barriers to interlocking different types of equipment are explored, such as indoor vs outdoor apparatus and distance between devices.
3) The importance of safety locks that allow operators to secure equipment while working is emphasized.
Las válvulas de asiento angular Plasson se fabrican con cuerpo de polipropileno y empaque de nitrilo-butadieno. Se utilizan para transportar agua y otros líquidos en infraestructura urbana, industrial, minera y agrícola. La tabla proporciona las dimensiones y pesos de seis modelos de válvulas de 1/2 a 2 pulgadas, así como los gastos máximos de cada modelo.
This presentation contains information about pumps used in industrial hydraulics. gear pump, vane pump, piston pump. it is useful for engineering students
This document discusses power cable installation methods. It covers various topics such as:
1. Underground installation methods including direct laying, draw in system, and solid system. Direct laying is the most common but has faults that can be difficult to locate.
2. Overhead installation including considerations for sag and tension based on span length, weight, and temperature as well as ice and wind loading.
3. Installation in conduit including determining appropriate conduit size based on clearance, jamming ratios, and fill percentages.
4. IEC 60364 provides guidance on installation methods for different conductor and cable types including without fixings, clipped direct, and conduit systems.
The document discusses the hydrogen seal oil system on a generator. It describes the purpose of the system as preventing hydrogen gas from escaping along the generator shaft by forming an oil film between the shaft and seal ring. It outlines the normal flow path of oil through the main seal oil pump and other components like the vacuum tank, emergency seal oil pump, and detraining tanks. It also discusses potential failures of components like pumps and the float trap, and the appropriate operator actions to take in response.
The document provides guidelines for reviewing transformer factory acceptance tests (FAT), including routine tests and design tests. It lists the information that should be on the transformer nameplate and tables outlining the design and routine tests that should be performed, including tests like temperature rise tests, insulation resistance tests, ratio tests, no-load loss tests, and operational tests of ancillary equipment. The guidelines are intended to help Saudi Aramco engineers ensure transformers meet design and quality requirements before shipping.
The document discusses the HP/LP bypass system used in thermal power stations. The bypass system allows live steam from the boiler to bypass the turbine and be dumped into the condenser. This allows the boiler to continue operating during turbine trips or startup before the turbine is up to temperature. It comprises HP and LP bypass valves, spray valves, and other components. The bypass system cuts startup time, allows boiler operation during trips, and helps match boiler and turbine temperatures for efficient operation.
The document discusses instrumentation and controls used in boiler systems. It describes the key objectives of instrumentation including measurement, control, quality control and safety. It then provides details on various control loops used in boiler instrumentation including drum level control, steam temperature control, combustion control, furnace pressure control, deaerator pressure and level control, and soot blower pressure control. It stresses the importance of good maintenance management for instrumentation and controls.
The document provides instructions for starting and stopping a hydro machine. It lists pre-checks that must be completed before starting, such as ensuring intake gates and valves are open. It then outlines a 6-step starting sequence that involves opening valves, increasing guide vane position and speed, engaging the excitation system, synchronizing voltage and frequency, and increasing load. The 6-step stopping sequence reverses these steps, first decreasing load and disengaging systems before closing valves and applying brakes once the machine has come to a standstill.
Practical handbook-for-relay-protection-engineersSARAVANAN A
The ‘Hand Book’ covers the Code of Practice in Protection Circuitry including standard lead and device numbers, mode of connections at terminal strips, colour codes in multicore cables, Dos and Donts in execution. Also, principles of various protective relays and schemes including special protection schemes like differential,
restricted, directional and distance relays are explained with sketches. The norms of protection of generators, transformers, lines & Capacitor Banks are also given.
This document provides installation instructions for heatshrink joints on 3 core 7.2/12kV XLPE armoured cable in 3 steps:
1. Prepare the cables and cores to the specified dimensions and install stress control tubes, mastic tapes and connectors.
2. Wrap the joint with tinned copper mesh and armour cage then apply outer shrink tubes.
3. Recover the outer shrink tubes with a heat source and allow the joint to cool before use.
1. The document provides information about training on current transformers (CTs) and capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) during a visit. It discusses the basic construction, use, maintenance, and failure modes of CTs and CVTs.
2. CTs can have live tank or dead tank designs. Live tank designs have higher risks of fire but can handle higher currents. CVTs are used for communication and monitoring line voltage/frequency.
3. The document outlines maintenance checks for CTs and CVTs including checking for oil leaks, insulation resistance, tangents delta values, and connections. High tangents delta, low insulation, or opening of windings can cause failures.
This document discusses novel insulation materials for high voltage cable systems that can overcome limitations of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). It introduces thermoplastic polymer blends of polyethylene and polypropylene as alternatives. Polyethylene blends use nanoscale inclusions of low-density polyethylene in a high-density polyethylene matrix, retaining flexibility at low temperatures and mechanical integrity at high temperatures. Polypropylene blends use copolymers to eliminate weak boundaries and phase separation that limit breakdown strength. These new thermoplastic blends promise more sustainable high voltage cable insulation with improved design flexibility compared to XLPE.
On load tap changer in a.c. locomotive transformer & air blast circuit b...vishalgohel12195
On load tap changer In A.C. locomotive transformer & Air blast circuit breaker
Introduction
Block diagram of A.C. Locomotive
Equipment of locomotive & their function
Advantages
Disadvantages
Turbines can be classified in several ways:
- By head and quantity of water as high, medium, or low head turbines
- By hydraulic action as impulse or reaction turbines
- By direction of water flow in the runner as tangential, radial, axial, or mixed flow
- By specific speed which is defined for Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines
- By disposition of the shaft as horizontal for Pelton and vertical for others
Centrifugal pumps work by using an impeller to increase the pressure and flow of a liquid. Liquid enters the center of the impeller and is accelerated outward by the curved blades of the impeller. This increases the pressure and flow of the liquid. Calculating the required head of a centrifugal pump involves accounting for static head, pipe friction losses, and adding additional head for safety. Proper pump selection is based on matching the required head and flow rate to the pump performance curves. Cavitation and ensuring adequate Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) are also important considerations for centrifugal pump operation.
Ifp ch. no. 4 intro. to & compon. of pneumatic systemAmol Kokare
Industrial Fluid power ppt for Ifp ch. no. 4 intro. to & compon. of pneumatic system, By Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Lecturer at Babasaheb phadtare polytechnic, Kalamb-Walchandnagar.
1) The document discusses interlocking, inter-tripping, and protection philosophies for electrical equipment to prevent unintended operations. Integral interlocks and trapped key interlocks are described that prevent certain operations unless other devices are in the proper position.
2) Potential barriers to interlocking different types of equipment are explored, such as indoor vs outdoor apparatus and distance between devices.
3) The importance of safety locks that allow operators to secure equipment while working is emphasized.
Las válvulas de asiento angular Plasson se fabrican con cuerpo de polipropileno y empaque de nitrilo-butadieno. Se utilizan para transportar agua y otros líquidos en infraestructura urbana, industrial, minera y agrícola. La tabla proporciona las dimensiones y pesos de seis modelos de válvulas de 1/2 a 2 pulgadas, así como los gastos máximos de cada modelo.
This presentation contains information about pumps used in industrial hydraulics. gear pump, vane pump, piston pump. it is useful for engineering students
This document discusses power cable installation methods. It covers various topics such as:
1. Underground installation methods including direct laying, draw in system, and solid system. Direct laying is the most common but has faults that can be difficult to locate.
2. Overhead installation including considerations for sag and tension based on span length, weight, and temperature as well as ice and wind loading.
3. Installation in conduit including determining appropriate conduit size based on clearance, jamming ratios, and fill percentages.
4. IEC 60364 provides guidance on installation methods for different conductor and cable types including without fixings, clipped direct, and conduit systems.
The document discusses the hydrogen seal oil system on a generator. It describes the purpose of the system as preventing hydrogen gas from escaping along the generator shaft by forming an oil film between the shaft and seal ring. It outlines the normal flow path of oil through the main seal oil pump and other components like the vacuum tank, emergency seal oil pump, and detraining tanks. It also discusses potential failures of components like pumps and the float trap, and the appropriate operator actions to take in response.
The document provides guidelines for reviewing transformer factory acceptance tests (FAT), including routine tests and design tests. It lists the information that should be on the transformer nameplate and tables outlining the design and routine tests that should be performed, including tests like temperature rise tests, insulation resistance tests, ratio tests, no-load loss tests, and operational tests of ancillary equipment. The guidelines are intended to help Saudi Aramco engineers ensure transformers meet design and quality requirements before shipping.
The document discusses the HP/LP bypass system used in thermal power stations. The bypass system allows live steam from the boiler to bypass the turbine and be dumped into the condenser. This allows the boiler to continue operating during turbine trips or startup before the turbine is up to temperature. It comprises HP and LP bypass valves, spray valves, and other components. The bypass system cuts startup time, allows boiler operation during trips, and helps match boiler and turbine temperatures for efficient operation.
The document discusses instrumentation and controls used in boiler systems. It describes the key objectives of instrumentation including measurement, control, quality control and safety. It then provides details on various control loops used in boiler instrumentation including drum level control, steam temperature control, combustion control, furnace pressure control, deaerator pressure and level control, and soot blower pressure control. It stresses the importance of good maintenance management for instrumentation and controls.
The document provides instructions for starting and stopping a hydro machine. It lists pre-checks that must be completed before starting, such as ensuring intake gates and valves are open. It then outlines a 6-step starting sequence that involves opening valves, increasing guide vane position and speed, engaging the excitation system, synchronizing voltage and frequency, and increasing load. The 6-step stopping sequence reverses these steps, first decreasing load and disengaging systems before closing valves and applying brakes once the machine has come to a standstill.
This document discusses various energy resources and their relationship to earthquakes. It provides an overview of different energy sources including fossil fuels, renewable sources, and nuclear energy. It notes that production, refining, and distribution sites for energy are considered critical facilities that are subject to risks from earthquakes. Large earthquakes can damage these sites, and operations like drilling for oil and gas or injecting waste water have been linked to induced seismicity. The document emphasizes the importance of ongoing seismic monitoring near critical energy infrastructure to help understand background activity and identify any anomalous changes that could signal increased earthquake risk. Taiwan is highlighted as an area of high seismic hazard where proper evaluation of risk is important given its energy facilities.
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 2014 Energy Science Education Symposium held at Tsinghua University and Taiwan Normal University. It includes the agenda for each location, with speakers giving presentations on topics like renewable and sustainable energy, energy and earthquakes, and energy and national development. One presentation by Dr. Jiang Ren Tai discusses how most energy on Earth comes indirectly from nuclear fusion in the sun or directly from nuclear fission in power plants. It notes that while renewable energy is growing, technologies are still expensive and intermittent. Nuclear power produces no carbon emissions and very small amounts of other pollutants compared to fossil fuel power.