This presentation summarizes research on utilizing surface modified aggregates in asphalt mixtures as a sustainable solution for durable pavements. Aggregates from three sources (Ravi, Shaar, Urj) in Jammu and Kashmir were characterized and found to have poor adhesion properties with bitumen due to high silica content. Various chemical treatment methods including nano-organosilanes were investigated to improve aggregate-bitumen adhesion. Laboratory tests on treated mixtures showed improved boiling water retention, tensile strength, and moisture resistance compared to untreated mixtures. The most promising treatment methods will be evaluated through field trials on a 6 km road section.

1. Utilization of Surface Modified Aggregates
in Asphalt Mixtures - A Sustainable
Solution for Durable Pavements
Supervisor
Dr. Ankit Kathuria
Assistant Professor/IIT Jammu
Co-Principal investigator
Dr. Bhupendra Singh
Assistant Professor/IIT Jodhpur
Presenter
S. Surya Narayanan
Research Scholar
IIT Jammu

2. Outline of the Presentation
• INTRODUCTION
• NEED OF THE STUDY
• RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
• EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• SUMMARY OF RESULTS
2

3. Inferior Quality Aggregates (IQA)
Inferior
aggregates
Flaky &
elongated
Rounded &
smooth
Soft
aggregates
Acidic
aggregates
Porous
aggregates
Chemical
Impurities
3

4. 4
Need of the study
Extreme Climate variations River Source Mining
Quarry Mining Restrictions
Localized Pavement Failure

5. 5
Objectives of the project
To Collect and characterize
aggregates in J&K and to
explore new chemical
Treatment methods
To investigate the
Laboratory Performance
of chemical treatment
methods on HMA, WMA,
and CMA
To study the laboratory
performance against
various distresses on
HMA, WMA, and CMA
To Evaluate the
Effectiveness of
treatment methods in
Asphalt Mixes

6. 6
Material Collection
Shaar
Ravi
Urj

7. 7
Proving the Initial Hypothesis True ?
Type of Test
Specified limits for
Bituminous Concrete
Ravi Source Shaar Source Urj Source
Grain size analysis
Max 5% passing 0.075mm
sieve
0.5% 0.8% 0.4%
Los Angeles abrasion Test Max 30% 20.8% 24.4% 22.0%
Aggregate impact Test Max 24% 18.9% 23.9% 20.5%
Soundness test Max 12% (Na2SO4) 6.0% 10.2% 9.6%
Combined flakiness and elongation
Indices
Max 35% 12.0% 18.0% 15.0%
Water absorption Test Max 2% 0.70% 0.83% 0.75%
Stripping value of aggregate
Minimum 95% retained
Coating
40% 45% 40%
Ravi Source Shaar Source

8. 8
Literature Review
 Why do aggregates exhibit Poor Adhesion Properties with Bitumen?
 What are the possible chemical treatment methods available to
improve the adhesion Properties of aggregates?

9. 9
Causes of poor adhesion properties of aggregate
SiO2 Composition
0% 100%
Marble
Lime Stone
Basalt
Dolomite
Sand Stone
Granite
Quartzite
50% 75%
25%

10. 10
Microscopic Characterization Test
 SEM Analysis - Surface Characteristics
 EDAX mapping - Elemental Composition
 XRD Analysis - Mineral structure
 XRF Analysis - Mineral Composition
Ravi Shaar
Urj
Element
Urj Ravi Shaar
Atomic %
Atomic
%
Atomic
%
Carbon (C) 18.54 17.66 21.53
Oxygen (O) 66.22 66.28 66.58
Aluminium (Al) 2.66 2.31 0.54
Silica (Si) 12.57 13.74 11.35
Ravi Shaar
Urj
More the SiO2 %,
More the stripping

11. 11
Treatment Methods
Low Cost High Cost
Cost based Ranking
SCA-1 SCA-2
NOS
HL NOS SCA-2

12. 12
Treatment Mechanisms
+
Untreated Aggregate
NOS treated Aggregate
NOS treated Aggregate
mixed with Asphalt
H2O
NOS
Hydrated Lime Coating SCA Coating
NOS Coating

13. 13
Impacts of treatment methods on asphalt mixes
• Boiling Water Test
• Surface Free Energy Test
• Dynamic Immersion Test
• Chemical Immersion Test
Tests to evaluate Adhesion
Tests on loose asphalt
Mixtures
Tests on compacted HMA
Specimens
• ITS Test
• Retained Marshall Test
• Humburg Wheel Tracking
• Beam Fatigue

14. Tests carried out
Boiling water test: IS 14982:2017 / ASTM D 3625 – 96
14

15. Boil Test results:
Treatment Method
Coating Retention (%)
Ravi Source Shaar Source Urj Source
Before After Before After Before After
HL Dry Process (1% by wt. of aggregate) 40 100 45 95 40 95
HL Wet Process (1part HL : 5part water) 40 45 45 55 40 50
Nano-organosilane soaking (1:100 solution) 40 95 45 70 40 95
(N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane treatment 40 100 45 100 40 100
N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl dimethoxy methylsilane treatment 40 100 45 100 40 100
3-Glycidoxypropyl (dimethoxy) methylsilane treatment 40 100 45 100 40 100
R S U
(a) (b) (c)
15

16. 16
Marshall Stability Test: IRC 111:2009

17. Results of Marshall & retained stability for HMA
Marshall Stability Test Retained Stability Test
17

18. 18
Indirect Tensile Strength Test
Indirect Tensile Strength Test: AASHTO T 283

19. Tensile Strength Ratio Test
Results of TSR for HMA
19

20. 20
Sample preparations for SFE test

21. 21
Energy Ratio

22. Test Sections and Performance Evaluation
DBM Stage
DBM Stage
22
Trial Sections: 6 KM service and slip roads of
Jammu Outer Ring Road Project BC Stage

23. http://www.ce.memphis.edu/3137/Documents/Hot-Mix%20Asphalt%20Plants.pdf
23
Challenges in Field Implementation
Bitumen/
Emulsion
Chemically Treated
Aggregates
Mixing Temp.
HMA-160 oC
WMA-135 oC

24. 24
IIT Jammu – Transportation Engineering Laboratory
Our Research Group Advanced Lab Facilities:
Pneumatic UTM 15KN for
Dynamic Testing
Humboldt Loading Frame 50KN for
Static Loading
Advanced Contact Angle Equipment
Boilin Theta Flex
Corelok System for Gmm and Gmb of HMA and aggregates
Brookfield Rotational Viscometer
Anton Paar Direct Shear Rheometer
Two wheeler Riding Simulator
Dr. Ankit Kathuria
Mr. Harpreet Singh Mr. Shivan Chouhan Mr. Surya Narayanan
Ms. Anamika Yadav Mr. Harish K Saini

25. 25
Queries
Contact:
Er. Surya Narayanan Sakthivel, M.Tech.,
Research Scholar,
Department of Civil Engineering,
IIT Jammu, Jammu, J&K
Mob: +91-9205570604
Email: suryanarayanansakthivel@gmail.com