This document provides an overview of cybersecurity topics including the importance of cybersecurity, leading threats like viruses and worms, social engineering, and best practices. It explains that cyber criminals exploit weaknesses like web browsers and applications to conduct identity theft, data theft, and cause legal issues. The document outlines common threats and how to identify security compromises, and recommends using antivirus software, firewalls, strong passwords, and regularly updating operating systems to help avoid risks.
This document discusses the importance of cybersecurity and provides best practices to protect against common cyber threats. It begins by outlining the risks of identity theft, monetary theft, and legal ramifications from poor cybersecurity practices. It then describes common vectors for vulnerabilities like web browsers and excess user rights. The document summarizes several leading cyber threats like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and social engineering. It provides examples of these threats and recommends practices like using antivirus software, firewalls, strong passwords, and regular backups to help avoid security compromises. The summary emphasizes implementing multiple layers of defense to address technical, personnel, and operational cybersecurity issues.
This document provides an overview of cybersecurity topics including the importance of cybersecurity, leading threats such as viruses, worms, and social engineering, best practices to avoid threats such as using strong passwords and antivirus software, and what to do if a cybersecurity incident is suspected. Key points covered include the risks of identity theft and data loss if security is not followed, common vectors for vulnerabilities exploited by cyber criminals, and the need to protect systems in the same way doors are secured at home.
This document provides an overview of cybersecurity topics including the importance of cybersecurity, leading threats such as viruses, worms, and social engineering, best practices to avoid threats such as using strong passwords and antivirus software, and what to do if a cybersecurity incident is suspected. Key points covered include the risks of identity theft and data loss if security is not followed, common vectors for vulnerabilities exploited by cyber criminals, and the need to protect systems using multiple layers of defense.
Cybersecurity is important to protect individuals and organizations from threats on the internet. The top threats include viruses, worms, Trojan horses, social engineering, rootkits, and botnets. To avoid these threats, best practices include using strong passwords, keeping systems updated, using firewalls and antivirus software, avoiding suspicious emails and downloads, and practicing cybersecurity awareness. Following guidelines for passwords, software updates, and caution with emails and downloads can help reduce cybersecurity risks.
This document provides an overview of cybersecurity topics including the importance of cybersecurity, leading threats such as viruses, worms, and social engineering, best practices to avoid threats such as using strong passwords and antivirus software, and what to do if a cybersecurity incident is suspected. Key points covered include the risks of identity theft and data loss if security is not followed, common vectors for vulnerabilities exploited by cyber criminals, and the need to protect systems in the same way doors are secured at home.
User awareness and security practices are important to prevent attacks and vulnerabilities. Poor security can lead to identity theft, monetary theft, and legal issues. The top vulnerabilities according to SANS.org are web browsers, IM clients, web applications, and excessive user rights. Various types of malware like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and botnets pose threats. Social engineering is another risk. Users should practice secure behaviors like strong passwords, antivirus software, and firewalls to protect themselves and their organizations.
End User Security Awareness - Information SecurityWorldTrade3
User awareness and security practices are important due to the risks posed by poor security knowledge and attacks from anywhere in the world via the internet. The top vulnerabilities exploited by cyber criminals include web browsers, IM clients, web applications, and excessive user rights. Maintaining updated anti-virus software, using strong and unique passwords, avoiding suspicious emails and attachments, and practicing good cyber hygiene can help protect users from common security risks. Organizations should implement defense in depth with multiple layers of security to address technical, personnel, and operational issues.
This document discusses various cybersecurity risks and best practices. It describes how attackers can compromise computers through vulnerabilities in web browsers, applications, and weak user access rights. Common cyber attacks like viruses, worms, Trojans, and botnets are also explained. The document recommends implementing security measures like firewalls, antivirus software, and strong passwords to help defend against these threats. Regular software updates and awareness of social engineering tactics are also emphasized as important aspects of cybersecurity defense.
This document discusses the importance of cybersecurity and provides best practices to protect against common cyber threats. It begins by outlining the risks of identity theft, monetary theft, and legal ramifications from poor cybersecurity practices. It then describes common vectors for vulnerabilities like web browsers and excess user rights. The document summarizes several leading cyber threats like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and social engineering. It provides examples of these threats and recommends practices like using antivirus software, firewalls, strong passwords, and regular backups to help avoid security compromises. The summary emphasizes implementing multiple layers of defense to address technical, personnel, and operational cybersecurity issues.
This document provides an overview of cybersecurity topics including the importance of cybersecurity, leading threats such as viruses, worms, and social engineering, best practices to avoid threats such as using strong passwords and antivirus software, and what to do if a cybersecurity incident is suspected. Key points covered include the risks of identity theft and data loss if security is not followed, common vectors for vulnerabilities exploited by cyber criminals, and the need to protect systems in the same way doors are secured at home.
This document provides an overview of cybersecurity topics including the importance of cybersecurity, leading threats such as viruses, worms, and social engineering, best practices to avoid threats such as using strong passwords and antivirus software, and what to do if a cybersecurity incident is suspected. Key points covered include the risks of identity theft and data loss if security is not followed, common vectors for vulnerabilities exploited by cyber criminals, and the need to protect systems using multiple layers of defense.
Cybersecurity is important to protect individuals and organizations from threats on the internet. The top threats include viruses, worms, Trojan horses, social engineering, rootkits, and botnets. To avoid these threats, best practices include using strong passwords, keeping systems updated, using firewalls and antivirus software, avoiding suspicious emails and downloads, and practicing cybersecurity awareness. Following guidelines for passwords, software updates, and caution with emails and downloads can help reduce cybersecurity risks.
This document provides an overview of cybersecurity topics including the importance of cybersecurity, leading threats such as viruses, worms, and social engineering, best practices to avoid threats such as using strong passwords and antivirus software, and what to do if a cybersecurity incident is suspected. Key points covered include the risks of identity theft and data loss if security is not followed, common vectors for vulnerabilities exploited by cyber criminals, and the need to protect systems in the same way doors are secured at home.
User awareness and security practices are important to prevent attacks and vulnerabilities. Poor security can lead to identity theft, monetary theft, and legal issues. The top vulnerabilities according to SANS.org are web browsers, IM clients, web applications, and excessive user rights. Various types of malware like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and botnets pose threats. Social engineering is another risk. Users should practice secure behaviors like strong passwords, antivirus software, and firewalls to protect themselves and their organizations.
End User Security Awareness - Information SecurityWorldTrade3
User awareness and security practices are important due to the risks posed by poor security knowledge and attacks from anywhere in the world via the internet. The top vulnerabilities exploited by cyber criminals include web browsers, IM clients, web applications, and excessive user rights. Maintaining updated anti-virus software, using strong and unique passwords, avoiding suspicious emails and attachments, and practicing good cyber hygiene can help protect users from common security risks. Organizations should implement defense in depth with multiple layers of security to address technical, personnel, and operational issues.
This document discusses various cybersecurity risks and best practices. It describes how attackers can compromise computers through vulnerabilities in web browsers, applications, and weak user access rights. Common cyber attacks like viruses, worms, Trojans, and botnets are also explained. The document recommends implementing security measures like firewalls, antivirus software, and strong passwords to help defend against these threats. Regular software updates and awareness of social engineering tactics are also emphasized as important aspects of cybersecurity defense.
User awareness and security practices are important for protecting against cyber threats. It is not possible to ensure 100% security through technology alone. Individual responsibility and following best practices are key to a successful security program. The document outlines various cyber threats like viruses, social engineering, and password cracking. It emphasizes the importance of security awareness, strong passwords, keeping systems updated, anti-virus software, and careful handling of personal information. Multiple layers of security through practices like firewalls, access control, and backups can help bolster defenses.
This document provides information about cybersecurity and threats. It discusses the importance of cybersecurity and some common threats like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and social engineering. It provides details on specific threats like phishing, man-in-the-middle attacks, and rootkits. The document also offers tips for secure practices like using strong passwords, backing up data, applying software updates, and reporting any suspected cybersecurity incidents. The overall message is that cybersecurity is important to protect individuals and organizations from online threats and risks.
The document discusses various cybersecurity risks and best practices for protection. It notes that the internet allows attackers to strike from anywhere in the world. Poor security practices can enable identity theft, monetary theft, and legal issues. According to SANS.org, the top vulnerabilities are web browsers, IM clients, web applications, and excessive user rights. The document provides tips for protecting computers and data, such as using secure passwords, updating software, and practicing safe online behaviors. It also outlines common cyber attacks like viruses, worms, trojans, and social engineering and recommends defenses such as antivirus software, firewalls, and regular software updates.
This document discusses password cracking and keyloggers. It defines passwords and describes different types of password attacks like dictionary attacks and brute force attacks. It also lists popular password cracking tools. The document also defines keyloggers and discusses how they can be used legitimately for monitoring or illegally to steal sensitive information. It provides examples of hardware and software keyloggers and describes some methods of preventing keylogger infections like using antivirus software and alternative keyboards.
Personal Internet Security System or "PISS" doesn't exist. It's a mindset that comes from knowledge. Stop looking for someone else's and handle your own. You have an Antivirus? Firewall? Great! But the real threat comes from YOU! The user. That takes knowledge. I attached briefing slides for the typical user with minimal IT knowledge. Sometimes we all need a reminder that we are the ones who is the greatest threat to our networks. It's not a country states or actor. But we are the ones who inadvertently let them walk in.
This document discusses information security and ethical hacking. It provides an overview of common security threats like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and keyloggers. It then demonstrates how to conduct various hacking techniques like cracking passwords, creating viruses, exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities, and performing phishing attacks. The document encourages learning these hacking methods but also provides some tips for security like using antivirus software and firewalls, as well as how to identify phishing emails and attacks.
This document provides an overview of user awareness and practices related to computer and network security. It discusses common internet threats like viruses, worms, Trojans, and social engineering. Proper password practices and defense in depth with tools like firewalls and antivirus software are recommended. Common attacks using techniques like phishing, man-in-the-middle, and botnets are also outlined. The importance of backups, pop-up blockers, and secure browsing habits are emphasized to help users protect themselves and their organizations from cyber threats.
This tutorial is related to Hacking.Key terms: Introduction to Hacking,
History of Hacking,
The Hacker attitude,
Basic Hacking skills,
Hacking Premeasured,
IP Address,
Finding IP Address,
IP Address dangers & Concerns,
Hacking Tutorial
Network Hacking,
General Hacking Methodology,
Port Scanning,
ICMP Scanning,
Security Threats,
Counter-attack strategies,
Host-detection techniques,
Host-detection ping,
Denial of Service attacks, DOS Attacks,
Threat from Sniffing and Key Logging,
Trojan Attacks,
IP Spoofing,
Buffer Overflows,
All other types of Attacks, SMURF attacks, Sniffers, Keylogger, trojans,
Hacking NETBIOS,
Internet application security,
Internet application hacking statistics, Web application hacking reasons,
General Hacking Methods,
Vulnerability,
Hacking techniques,
XPath Injection
For more details visit Tech-Blog: https://msatechnosoft.in/blog/tech-blogs/
The document discusses the topic of ethical hacking. It begins with definitions of hacking and provides a brief history, noting key events from the 1980s to the 2000s. Statistics on hacking activities are presented, such as the frequency of hack attacks. The role of security professionals and some certification programs are covered. Basic hacking skills and preparation are outlined. Laws regarding hacking and what can be done legally are addressed. Different types of attacks like denial of service and IP spoofing are defined. Finally, some famous hackers from history are listed.
Hacking is a term used to refer to activities aimed at exploiting security flaws to obtain critical information for gaining access to secured networks.
This document discusses ethical hacking. It begins by defining hacking and distinguishing between black hat, white hat, and grey hat hackers. White hat hackers, also known as ethical hackers, hack systems with permission to identify vulnerabilities. The document outlines the different phases of ethical hacking including footprinting, scanning, enumeration, gaining access, and maintaining access. It provides examples of tools used in each phase and types of attacks like social engineering and SQL injection. The document emphasizes that for hacking to be ethical, hackers must have permission and respect privacy. It concludes by discussing how organizations can prevent hacking by closing vulnerabilities identified through ethical hacking activities.
Lecture about network and host security to NII studentsAkiumi Hasegawa
The document discusses securing IT environments and provides an overview of key topics in IT security. It begins with an anecdote from the author about receiving an email on New Year's Eve 1999 regarding attacks originating from their university network. The document then covers agendas items like keywords in security including CIA and AAA. Current security trends from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication are examined, along with malware trends and the top 10 security threats. The document concludes with remarks on how to avoid malware infections through software updates, anti-malware software, firewalls, and safe email practices.
Keyloggers, remote access tools (RATs), trojan horses, and ransomware are common methods hackers use to gain unauthorized access to systems. It is easy for small businesses to become affected through emails, downloads, or updates. Once affected, small businesses often spend thousands repairing damages. Symptoms of a security breach include highlighted links, internet speed issues, pop-ups, unexpected reboots, and suspicious files. Network security companies provide hands-on services like monitoring, firewalls, antivirus software, and backups as well as consulting services to help businesses prevent and address breaches.
This document provides an overview of hacking and computer security. It defines hacking as intruding on someone else's information space for malicious purposes. It then discusses the brief history of hacking from the 1980s to present day. Next, it profiles some famous hackers throughout history and outlines the typical hacker attitude. The document concludes by describing basic hacking skills, the process of hacking, and common hacking tools and techniques such as port scanning and denial of service attacks.
This document provides an overview of hacking and computer security. It defines hacking as intruding on someone else's information space for malicious purposes. It then discusses the brief history of hacking from the 1980s to present day. Next, it profiles some famous hackers throughout history and outlines the typical hacker attitude. The document concludes by describing basic hacking skills, the process of hacking, and common hacking tools and techniques such as port scanning and denial of service attacks.
Can you tell if your computer has been compromised?
Cyber Security is a practice which intends to protect computers, networks, programs and data from unintended or unauthorized access, change or destruction
More than 50% of the world's population is actively connected to the internet.
Cyber Security is becoming a fundamental requirement for every business organization worldwide. We are all susceptible to this new frontier of crime and it is our responsibility to be prepared.
The document provides an introduction to hacking and cracking, describing what hacking and cracking are, different types of hackers (high-level and low-level), and the difference between hackers and crackers. It also discusses common hacking techniques like password attacks, spoofing, and sniffing. The document is intended to educate about hacking and related cybersecurity topics.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
User awareness and security practices are important for protecting against cyber threats. It is not possible to ensure 100% security through technology alone. Individual responsibility and following best practices are key to a successful security program. The document outlines various cyber threats like viruses, social engineering, and password cracking. It emphasizes the importance of security awareness, strong passwords, keeping systems updated, anti-virus software, and careful handling of personal information. Multiple layers of security through practices like firewalls, access control, and backups can help bolster defenses.
This document provides information about cybersecurity and threats. It discusses the importance of cybersecurity and some common threats like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and social engineering. It provides details on specific threats like phishing, man-in-the-middle attacks, and rootkits. The document also offers tips for secure practices like using strong passwords, backing up data, applying software updates, and reporting any suspected cybersecurity incidents. The overall message is that cybersecurity is important to protect individuals and organizations from online threats and risks.
The document discusses various cybersecurity risks and best practices for protection. It notes that the internet allows attackers to strike from anywhere in the world. Poor security practices can enable identity theft, monetary theft, and legal issues. According to SANS.org, the top vulnerabilities are web browsers, IM clients, web applications, and excessive user rights. The document provides tips for protecting computers and data, such as using secure passwords, updating software, and practicing safe online behaviors. It also outlines common cyber attacks like viruses, worms, trojans, and social engineering and recommends defenses such as antivirus software, firewalls, and regular software updates.
This document discusses password cracking and keyloggers. It defines passwords and describes different types of password attacks like dictionary attacks and brute force attacks. It also lists popular password cracking tools. The document also defines keyloggers and discusses how they can be used legitimately for monitoring or illegally to steal sensitive information. It provides examples of hardware and software keyloggers and describes some methods of preventing keylogger infections like using antivirus software and alternative keyboards.
Personal Internet Security System or "PISS" doesn't exist. It's a mindset that comes from knowledge. Stop looking for someone else's and handle your own. You have an Antivirus? Firewall? Great! But the real threat comes from YOU! The user. That takes knowledge. I attached briefing slides for the typical user with minimal IT knowledge. Sometimes we all need a reminder that we are the ones who is the greatest threat to our networks. It's not a country states or actor. But we are the ones who inadvertently let them walk in.
This document discusses information security and ethical hacking. It provides an overview of common security threats like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and keyloggers. It then demonstrates how to conduct various hacking techniques like cracking passwords, creating viruses, exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities, and performing phishing attacks. The document encourages learning these hacking methods but also provides some tips for security like using antivirus software and firewalls, as well as how to identify phishing emails and attacks.
This document provides an overview of user awareness and practices related to computer and network security. It discusses common internet threats like viruses, worms, Trojans, and social engineering. Proper password practices and defense in depth with tools like firewalls and antivirus software are recommended. Common attacks using techniques like phishing, man-in-the-middle, and botnets are also outlined. The importance of backups, pop-up blockers, and secure browsing habits are emphasized to help users protect themselves and their organizations from cyber threats.
This tutorial is related to Hacking.Key terms: Introduction to Hacking,
History of Hacking,
The Hacker attitude,
Basic Hacking skills,
Hacking Premeasured,
IP Address,
Finding IP Address,
IP Address dangers & Concerns,
Hacking Tutorial
Network Hacking,
General Hacking Methodology,
Port Scanning,
ICMP Scanning,
Security Threats,
Counter-attack strategies,
Host-detection techniques,
Host-detection ping,
Denial of Service attacks, DOS Attacks,
Threat from Sniffing and Key Logging,
Trojan Attacks,
IP Spoofing,
Buffer Overflows,
All other types of Attacks, SMURF attacks, Sniffers, Keylogger, trojans,
Hacking NETBIOS,
Internet application security,
Internet application hacking statistics, Web application hacking reasons,
General Hacking Methods,
Vulnerability,
Hacking techniques,
XPath Injection
For more details visit Tech-Blog: https://msatechnosoft.in/blog/tech-blogs/
The document discusses the topic of ethical hacking. It begins with definitions of hacking and provides a brief history, noting key events from the 1980s to the 2000s. Statistics on hacking activities are presented, such as the frequency of hack attacks. The role of security professionals and some certification programs are covered. Basic hacking skills and preparation are outlined. Laws regarding hacking and what can be done legally are addressed. Different types of attacks like denial of service and IP spoofing are defined. Finally, some famous hackers from history are listed.
Hacking is a term used to refer to activities aimed at exploiting security flaws to obtain critical information for gaining access to secured networks.
This document discusses ethical hacking. It begins by defining hacking and distinguishing between black hat, white hat, and grey hat hackers. White hat hackers, also known as ethical hackers, hack systems with permission to identify vulnerabilities. The document outlines the different phases of ethical hacking including footprinting, scanning, enumeration, gaining access, and maintaining access. It provides examples of tools used in each phase and types of attacks like social engineering and SQL injection. The document emphasizes that for hacking to be ethical, hackers must have permission and respect privacy. It concludes by discussing how organizations can prevent hacking by closing vulnerabilities identified through ethical hacking activities.
Lecture about network and host security to NII studentsAkiumi Hasegawa
The document discusses securing IT environments and provides an overview of key topics in IT security. It begins with an anecdote from the author about receiving an email on New Year's Eve 1999 regarding attacks originating from their university network. The document then covers agendas items like keywords in security including CIA and AAA. Current security trends from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication are examined, along with malware trends and the top 10 security threats. The document concludes with remarks on how to avoid malware infections through software updates, anti-malware software, firewalls, and safe email practices.
Keyloggers, remote access tools (RATs), trojan horses, and ransomware are common methods hackers use to gain unauthorized access to systems. It is easy for small businesses to become affected through emails, downloads, or updates. Once affected, small businesses often spend thousands repairing damages. Symptoms of a security breach include highlighted links, internet speed issues, pop-ups, unexpected reboots, and suspicious files. Network security companies provide hands-on services like monitoring, firewalls, antivirus software, and backups as well as consulting services to help businesses prevent and address breaches.
This document provides an overview of hacking and computer security. It defines hacking as intruding on someone else's information space for malicious purposes. It then discusses the brief history of hacking from the 1980s to present day. Next, it profiles some famous hackers throughout history and outlines the typical hacker attitude. The document concludes by describing basic hacking skills, the process of hacking, and common hacking tools and techniques such as port scanning and denial of service attacks.
This document provides an overview of hacking and computer security. It defines hacking as intruding on someone else's information space for malicious purposes. It then discusses the brief history of hacking from the 1980s to present day. Next, it profiles some famous hackers throughout history and outlines the typical hacker attitude. The document concludes by describing basic hacking skills, the process of hacking, and common hacking tools and techniques such as port scanning and denial of service attacks.
Can you tell if your computer has been compromised?
Cyber Security is a practice which intends to protect computers, networks, programs and data from unintended or unauthorized access, change or destruction
More than 50% of the world's population is actively connected to the internet.
Cyber Security is becoming a fundamental requirement for every business organization worldwide. We are all susceptible to this new frontier of crime and it is our responsibility to be prepared.
The document provides an introduction to hacking and cracking, describing what hacking and cracking are, different types of hackers (high-level and low-level), and the difference between hackers and crackers. It also discusses common hacking techniques like password attacks, spoofing, and sniffing. The document is intended to educate about hacking and related cybersecurity topics.
Similar to USG_Security_Awareness_Primer.pptx (20)
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
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Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
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2. Orange Restricted
Importance of Cybersecurity
The internet allows an attacker to work from
anywhere on the planet.
Risks caused by poor security knowledge and practice:
Identity Theft
Monetary Theft
Legal Ramifications (for yourself and your organization)
Sanctions or termination if policies are not followed
According to the SANS Institute, the top vectors for
vulnerabilities available to a cyber criminal are:
Web Browser
IM Clients
Web Applications
Excessive User Rights
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Cybersecurity is Safety
Security: We must protect our computers and data
in the same way that we secure the doors to
our homes.
Safety: We must behave in ways that protect us
against risks and threats that come with technology.
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User Awareness
4
Cracker:
Computer-savvy
programmer creates
attack software
Script Kiddies:
Unsophisticated
computer users who
know how to
execute programs
Hacker Bulletin Board
SQL Injection
Buffer overflow
Password Crackers
Password Dictionaries
Successful attacks!
Crazyman broke into …
CoolCat penetrated…
Criminals: Create & sell
bots -> generate spam
Sell credit card numbers,
etc…
System Administrators
Some scripts appear useful
to manage networks…
Malware package earns $1K-2K
1 M Email addresses earn $8
10,000 PCs earn $1000
Posts to
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Viruses
6
A virus attaches itself to a program,
file, or disk.
When the program is executed, the
virus activates and replicates itself.
The virus may be benign or
malignant but executes its payload
at some point (often upon contact).
Viruses can cause computer crashes and
loss of data.
In order to recover or prevent virus
attacks:
Avoid potentially unreliable
websites/emails.
System Restore.
Re-install operating system.
Use and maintain anti-virus software.
Program
A
Extra Code
Program
B
infects
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Worms
7
Independent program that replicates itself and sends copies from
computer to computer across network connections.
Upon arrival, the worm may be activated to replicate.
To Joe
To Ann
To Bob
Email List:
Joe@gmail.com
Ann@yahoo.com
Bob@u.edu
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Logic Bombs and Trojan Horses
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Logic Bomb: Malware logic executes upon certain
conditions. The program is often used for otherwise
legitimate reasons.
Examples:
Software which malfunctions if maintenance fee is not paid.
Employee triggers a database erase when he is fired.
Trojan Horse: Masquerades as a benign program while
quietly destroying data or damaging your system.
Download a game: It may be fun but contains hidden code that gathers personal
information without your knowledge.
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Social Engineering
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Social engineering manipulates people into performing actions or divulging
confidential information. Similar to a confidence trick or simple fraud, the term
applies to the use of deception to gain information, commit fraud, or access computer
systems.
Phone Call:
This is John,
the System
Administrator.
What is your
password?
Email:
ABC Bank has
noticed a
problem with
your account…
In Person:
What ethnicity
are you? Your
mother’s
maiden name?
and have
some
lovely
software
patches!
I have come
to repair
your
machine…
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Phishing: Counterfeit Email
10
Phishing: A seemingly
trustworthy entity asks for
sensitive information such
as SSN, credit card
numbers, login IDs or
passwords via e-mail.
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Pharming: Counterfeit Web Pages
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The link provided in the e-mail leads to a counterfeit
webpage which collects important information and
submits it to the owner.
The counterfeit web page looks like the real thing
Extracts account information
Misspelled
Wiping
over, but
not clicking
the link
may reveal
a different
address.
With whom?
Copyright
date is old
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Botnet
12
A botnet is a number of compromised computers used to
create and send spam or viruses or flood a network with
messages as a denial of service attack.
The compromised computers are called zombies.
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Man In The Middle Attack
13
An attacker pretends to be your final destination on the network.
When a person tries to connect to a specific destination, an attacker
can mislead him to a different service and pretend to be that
network access point or server.
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Rootkit
14
Upon penetrating a
computer, a hacker may
install a collection of
programs, called a rootkit.
May enable:
Easy access for the hacker (and
others)into the enterprise
Keystroke logger
Eliminates evidence of
break-in.
Modifies the operating
system.
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Password Cracking
Dictionary Attack and Brute Force
15
Pattern Calculation Result Time to Guess
(2.6x1018 tries/month)
Personal Info: interests, relatives 20 Manual 5 minutes
Social Engineering 1 Manual 2 minutes
American Dictionary 80,000 < 1 second
4 chars: lower case alpha 264 5x105
8 chars: lower case alpha 268 2x1011
8 chars: alpha 528 5x1013
8 chars: alphanumeric 628 2x1014 3.4 min.
8 chars alphanumeric +10 728 7x1014 12 min.
8 chars: all keyboard 958 7x1015 2 hours
12 chars: alphanumeric 6212 3x1021 96 years
12 chars: alphanumeric + 10 7212 2x1022 500 years
12 chars: all keyboard 9512 5x1023
16 chars: alphanumeric 6216 5x1028
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Georgia Data Breach Notification Law
O.C.G.A. §§10-1-910, -911, -912
An unauthorized acquisition of electronic data that
compromises the security, confidentiality or
integrity of “personal information.”
Personal Information
Social Security Number.
Driver’s license or state ID number.
Information permitting access to personal accounts.
Account passwords or PIN numbers or access codes.
Any of the above in connection with a person’s name if
the information is sufficient to perform identity theft
against the individual.
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Identifying Security Compromises
17
Symptoms:
Antivirus software detects a problem.
Disk space disappears unexpectedly.
Pop-ups suddenly appear, sometimes selling security
software.
Files or transactions appear that should not be there.
The computer slows down to a crawl.
Unusual messages, sounds, or displays on your monitor.
Stolen laptop: 1 stolen every 53 seconds; 97% never
recovered.
The mouse pointer moves by itself.
The computer spontaneously shuts down or reboots.
Often unrecognized or ignored problems.
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Malware detection
18
• Spyware symptoms:
• Changes to your browser homepage/start page.
• Ending up on a strange site when conducting a search.
• System-based firewall is turned off automatically.
• Lots of network activity while not particularly active.
• Excessive pop-up windows.
• New icons, programs, favorites which you did not add.
• Frequent firewall alerts about unknown programs
when trying to access the Internet.
• Poor system performance.
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Best Practices to avoid these threats
19
uses multiple layers of defense to
address technical, personnel and operational issues.
User Account Controls
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Anti-virus and Anti-spyware Software
20
• Anti-virus software detects certain types of malware and
can destroy it before any damage is done.
• Install and maintain anti-virus and anti-spyware
software.
• Be sure to keep anti-virus software updated.
• Many free and commercial options exist.
• Contact your Technology Support Professional for
assistance.
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Host-based Firewalls
21
• A firewall acts as a barrier between your computer/private
network and the internet. Hackers may use the internet to
find, use, and install applications on your computer. A firewall
prevents many hacker connections to your computer.
• Firewalls filter network packets that enter or leave your
computer
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Protect your Operating System
22
Microsoft regularly issues patches or updates to solve security problems in their
software. If these are not applied, it leaves your computer vulnerable to hackers.
The Windows Update feature built into Windows can be set up to automatically
download and install updates.
Avoid logging in as administrator
Apple provides regular updates to its operating system and software applications.
Apply Apple updates using the App Store application.
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Use Strong Passwords
Make passwords easy to remember but hard to guess
• USG standards:
• Be at least ten characters in length
• Must contain characters from at least two of the following
four types of characters:
– English upper case (A-Z)
– English lower case (a-z)
– Numbers (0-9)
– Non-alphanumeric special characters ($, !, %, ^, …)
• Must not contain the user’s name or part of the user’s name
• Must not contain easily accessible or guessable personal
information about the user or user’s family, such as
birthdays, children’s names, addresses, etc.
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Creating Strong Passwords
• A familiar quote can be a good start:
• Using the organization standard as a guide,
choose the first character of each word:
• LIASMWTFOS
• Now add complexity the standard requires:
• L1A$mwTF0S (10 characters, 2 numerals, 1 symbol,
mixed English case: password satisfies all 4 types).
• Or be more creative!
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“LOVE IS A SMOKE MADE WITH THE FUME OF SIGHS”
William Shakespeare
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Password Guidelines
• Never use admin, root, administrator, or a default
account or password for administrative access.
• A good password is:
– Private: Used by only one person.
– Secret: It is not stored in clear text anywhere,
including on Post-It® notes!
– Easily Remembered: No need to write it down.
– Contains the complexity required by your organization.
– Not easy to guess by a person or a program in a reasonable
time, such as several weeks.
– Changed regularly: Follow organization standards.
• Avoid shoulder surfers and enter your credentials
carefully! If a password is entered in the username
field, those attempts usually appear in system logs.
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Avoid Social Engineering
and Malicious Software
• Do not open email attachments unless you are
expecting the email with the attachment and you
trust the sender.
• Do not click on links in emails unless you are
absolutely sure of their validity.
• Only visit and/or download software from web
pages you trust.
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Avoid Stupid Hacker Tricks
Be sure to have a good firewall or pop-up blocker
installed.
Pop-up blockers do not always block ALL pop-ups so
always close a pop-up window using the ‘X’ in the
upper corner.
Never click “yes,” “accept” or even “cancel.”
Infected USB drives are often left unattended by
hackers in public places.
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Secure Business Transactions
28
Always use secure browser to do online activities.
Frequently delete temp files, cookies, history, saved passwords etc.
https://
Symbol indicating
enhanced security
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Backup Important Information
29
No security measure is 100% reliable.
Even the best hardware fails.
What information is important to you?
Is your backup:
Recent?
Off-site & Secure?
Process Documented?
Encrypted?
Tested?
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Cyber Incident Reporting
30
If you suspect a cybersecurity incident, notify your organization’s
help desk or the USG ITS help desk immediately. Be prepared to
supply the details you know and contact information.
1. Do not attempt to investigate or remediate the incident on
your own.
2. Inform other users of the system and instruct them to stop
work immediately.
3. Unless instructed, do not power down the machine.
4. Unless instructed, do not remove the system from the
network.
The cybersecurity incident response team will contact you as
soon as possible to gather additional information.
Each USG organization is required to have a specific plan to
handle cybersecurity incidents. Refer to local policies, standards
and guidelines for specific information.
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Fraud
31
Organizations lose 5-6% of
revenue annually due to
internal fraud = $652
Billion in U.S. (2006)
Average scheme lasts 18
months, costs $159,000
25% costs exceed $1M
Smaller companies suffer
greater average dollar
losses than large
companies
Internal Fraud Recovery
$0 Recovered
Recovery<=25%
Substantial Recovery
Essentials of Corporate Fraud, T L Coenen,
2008, John Wiley & Sons
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Fraud Discovery
32
Tips are the most common way fraud is discovered.
Tips come from:
Employee/Coworkers 64%,
Anonymous 18%,
Customer 11%,
Vendor 7%
If you suspect possible fraud, report it anonymously to the USG ethics hot line
at 877-516-3466.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Tip By Accident Internal Audit Internal Controls External Audit Notified by
Police
%
How Fraud is Discovered
Essentials of Corporate Fraud, T L
Coenen, 2008, John Wiley & Sons
Security: The way in which we protect access to our computers and information. E.g. Anti-virus software, firewall
Safety: The we behave while using the internet. E.g. Safe email behavior, safe software downloading behavior
Stress the difference and the importance of both together to provide a safe and secure computing environment.
Users must be aware of the threats that exist in order to properly detect and prevent them.
Viruses
Computer viruses are software programs that are deliberately designed by online attackers to invade your computer, to interfere with its operation, and to copy, corrupt or delete your data. These malicious software programs are called viruses because they are designed not only to infect and damage one computer, but to spread to other computers all across the Internet.
Computer viruses are often hidden in what appear to be useful or entertaining programs or e-mail attachments, such as computer games, video clips or photos. Many such viruses are spread inadvertently by computer users, who unwittingly pass them along in e-mail to friends and colleagues.
Worms
Worms are more sophisticated viruses that can replicate automatically and send themselves to other computers by first taking control of certain software programs on your PC, such as email.
Logic Bomb
Malware that destroys data when certain conditions are met. E.g., it may format a hard drive or change data files (possibly by inserting random bits of data) on a particular date or time or if a certain employee record is missing from the employee database.
Example: an employee places a logic bomb inside a system to destroy data when his/her record is removed upon termination.
Trojan Horses
A Trojan horse is a program which seems to be doing one thing, but is actually doing another. A Trojan horse can be used to set up back door in a computer system so that the intruder can gain access later.
The name refers to the horse from the Trojan War, with similar function of deceiving defenders into bringing an intruder inside.
Social Engineering can occur in-person, over the phone, in emails or fake web pages.
Social Engineering: non-technical or low-technology means - such as lies, impersonation, tricks, bribes, blackmail, and threats - used to attack information systems.
The next two slides discuss two types of Social Engineering: phishing and pharming.
Phishing: A type of Social Engineering. The use of e-mails that appear to originate from a trusted source to trick a user into entering valid credentials at a counterfeit website. Typically the e-mail and the web site looks like they are part of a trusted organization with whom the user is familiar.
Pharming: Another type of social engineering. A user’s session is redirected to a masquerading website. At the fake website, transactions can be mimicked and information like login credentials can be gathered. With this the attacker can access the real site and conduct transactions using the credentials of a valid user on that website.
When your computer becomes infected, it is likely to become a bot. Because attacks are international, they are hard to locate and eradicate.
Zombie: a compromised computer which may host pornography, illegal music and/or movies
Botnet: a “zombie army,” or collection of compromised computers, zombies, used to send out spam, viruses or distributed denial of service attacks.
Man in the middle attackers can deploy decoy wireless access points near legitimate ones but pretend to be legitimate. The decoy access point resembles the legitimate one, fooling unwitting users into giving up their credentials.
RootKit: A collection of programs that a hacker uses to mask intrusion and obtain administrator-level access to a computer or computer network.
This chart shows the different combinations of passwords and password lengths and how long a dictionary attack or brute force attack would take to guess the password.
Discussion of proper password creation and change techniques will occur later in the User Practices section of the presentation.
At this stage just discuss the attacks and comparisons to password lengths and patterns.
Brute Force Attack: A cryptanalysis technique or other kind of attack method involving an exhaustive procedure that tries all possibilities, one-by-one.
Dictionary Attack: An attack that tries all of the phrases or words in a dictionary, trying to crack a password or key. A dictionary attack uses a predefined list of words compared to a brute force attack that tries all possible combinations.
. NIST also recommends including criminal records, student grades, passport numbers, mortgage numbers, civil court numbers, date/place of birth, and more.
Windows and Mac OS X have host-based firewall software built-in. Be sure to always have it on.
It is necessary to have software firewalls on each computer even if you have a hardware firewall protecting your network. If your hardware firewall is compromised by a hacker or by malicious code of some kind, you don’t want the intruder or malicious program to have unlimited access to your computers and the information on those computers.
Every computer in the network should have its own software firewall enabled.
Windows and Mac OS X operating systems have a built-in firewall, which can be easily located in the control panel on the PC or System Preferences on the Mac. Ensure it is always turned on.
For other commercial operating systems, the operations manual should have instructions about the firewall options.
For an optional implementation of firewall security, commercial third-party firewall software can be installed.
Make passwords according to organization standards. USG has set a minimum.
Email Attachments
Attachments should be opened only from trusted senders.
If you are not expecting an email attachment from the sender, it’s a good idea to call and confirm, before opening the attachment.
Spam email often asks for sensitive information.
Links in emails
Never click on link in email attachment, except only when you are expecting it.
If you are not expecting an email link from the sender, it’s a good idea to call and confirm, before clicking the email link.
If you hover the cursor over an email’s web link description, the link should be displayed on the bottom of the browser. Make sure both of them match.
Trustworthy Web Pages
Software download should be done only from trusted websites like Microsoft for Windows updates and Office application updates.
Avoid downloading and using freeware or shareware, since most of them either don’t come with technical support or full functionality.
A pop-up blocker should be installed (many browsers have them as add-ons), but they do not always block all pop-ups
Do not respond to pop ups while working online. For example, a malicious pop up message may say that you have a virus on the system. Close it by clicking on X in the upper right corner. If you click OK, it might install spyware or other malicious code.‘
Infected USB drives are often left unattended by hackers in public places. They intend for unsuspecting people to take the USB home or to the office and unknowingly install the worm or malicious code.
Always use secure browser to do online activities.
Frequently delete temp files, cookies, history, saved passwords etc.
Look for https and/or lock or secure symbol
Backup should be done (at least)once a week. If possible, store to a removable media.
The removable media should be big enough to hold 52 weeks of backup (e.g., 500GB).
Do a full backup once a month and store it in offsite location. This would be useful in case of a disaster in your office (fire, theft, flood, etc). On the removable media create 12 folders for each month.
Backup data should be tested periodically to ensure reliability.
Cyber incident reporting standards are detailed in section 5.3 of the IT handbook. These are general standards and are operationalized by guidelines specific to the USG organization.
Tips on fraud are most frequent method of discovering it.
The percentages given for where the tips come from are percentages of total tips, not total fraud discoveries.