People looking out for International Trade theories, This Porters Diamond will be a useful presentation for you!... If requested on mail i will send you any particular Topic in International Business.
All the Best!
Ravindra Deyshappriya from the Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute in Sri Lanka presented on the trade, investment, and tourism relations between Sri Lanka and China. He outlined that trade relations date back to 1952 but Sri Lanka now has a large trade deficit with China. Chinese investment and financing have increased and are an important source but still lag behind investments in other Asian nations. Tourism from China has grown rapidly in recent years but the duration and spending of Chinese tourists is relatively low compared to European tourists. Strengthening economic ties through initiatives like the Maritime Silk Road could further boost Sri Lanka-China relations.
India Bangladesh Relations: Synergy & Issues DevakiNandan6
It is All about India Bangladesh relations, what's are the main issues including geostrategic importance to mutual security concern. Is Bangladesh worried about big brother syndrome or it is like friendship.
Presentation on Economics Growth of BangladeshJafor Sadik
The document discusses the economic growth of Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh has experienced average GDP growth of 5.4% in recent years, driven by development of microcredit and the garment industry. However, challenges remain including overpopulation, poor infrastructure, corruption, and political instability. Key constraints to improving growth are increasing export competitiveness, developing the financial sector, improving education and rural development, and investing in transportation infrastructure like roads, railways and inland waterways.
Recent foreign trade relations of bangladeshAriful Saimon
This document discusses Bangladesh's foreign trade relations and participation in international organizations. It begins with an introduction to Bangladesh's foreign policy principles of friendship with all nations and participation in organizations like the UN, Commonwealth, and SAARC. It then outlines Bangladesh's bilateral trade relations and membership in various multilateral trade blocs and organizations around the world, including in South and Southeast Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and others. The document also provides brief histories of some of Bangladesh's key trade relations and participation in international trade over time.
The document discusses China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which aims to promote connectivity and cooperation among countries along the proposed Belt and Road trade routes. It notes that the BRI seeks to address issues like protectionism by fostering an open, inclusive and balanced regional economic network. Several infrastructure projects under the BRI are mentioned, including China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and planned transport corridors connecting China with Europe. The conclusion states that the BRI reflects China's rise as a global economic power and investor, and promotes development through infrastructure investment.
This document provides an overview of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). It discusses the origins and formation of BRICS as an international organization of leading emerging economies. Key points covered include the economic and population size of the BRICS countries, their contributions to global GDP and trade relationships. The document also outlines some of the main advantages and challenges facing each BRICS country. It discusses cooperation between the BRICS countries in areas like trade, infrastructure development, healthcare and green energy. Overall the BRICS alliance aims to make the international order more representative and influence global issues.
The document discusses the evolving partnership between Russia and China over the past few decades. It notes that relations have strengthened significantly since the 1990s, with the two countries establishing a strategic partnership in 1996. Key aspects of their cooperation examined include growing military exercises and arms sales between the two militaries, increasing trade volumes but a need for trade to be more balanced, cooperation on energy issues including Russian energy exports to China, and alignment on opposing US unilateralism and supporting multilateralism geopolitically. The relationship demonstrates close political, economic and military ties that are expected to deepen further.
People looking out for International Trade theories, This Porters Diamond will be a useful presentation for you!... If requested on mail i will send you any particular Topic in International Business.
All the Best!
Ravindra Deyshappriya from the Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute in Sri Lanka presented on the trade, investment, and tourism relations between Sri Lanka and China. He outlined that trade relations date back to 1952 but Sri Lanka now has a large trade deficit with China. Chinese investment and financing have increased and are an important source but still lag behind investments in other Asian nations. Tourism from China has grown rapidly in recent years but the duration and spending of Chinese tourists is relatively low compared to European tourists. Strengthening economic ties through initiatives like the Maritime Silk Road could further boost Sri Lanka-China relations.
India Bangladesh Relations: Synergy & Issues DevakiNandan6
It is All about India Bangladesh relations, what's are the main issues including geostrategic importance to mutual security concern. Is Bangladesh worried about big brother syndrome or it is like friendship.
Presentation on Economics Growth of BangladeshJafor Sadik
The document discusses the economic growth of Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh has experienced average GDP growth of 5.4% in recent years, driven by development of microcredit and the garment industry. However, challenges remain including overpopulation, poor infrastructure, corruption, and political instability. Key constraints to improving growth are increasing export competitiveness, developing the financial sector, improving education and rural development, and investing in transportation infrastructure like roads, railways and inland waterways.
Recent foreign trade relations of bangladeshAriful Saimon
This document discusses Bangladesh's foreign trade relations and participation in international organizations. It begins with an introduction to Bangladesh's foreign policy principles of friendship with all nations and participation in organizations like the UN, Commonwealth, and SAARC. It then outlines Bangladesh's bilateral trade relations and membership in various multilateral trade blocs and organizations around the world, including in South and Southeast Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and others. The document also provides brief histories of some of Bangladesh's key trade relations and participation in international trade over time.
The document discusses China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which aims to promote connectivity and cooperation among countries along the proposed Belt and Road trade routes. It notes that the BRI seeks to address issues like protectionism by fostering an open, inclusive and balanced regional economic network. Several infrastructure projects under the BRI are mentioned, including China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and planned transport corridors connecting China with Europe. The conclusion states that the BRI reflects China's rise as a global economic power and investor, and promotes development through infrastructure investment.
This document provides an overview of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). It discusses the origins and formation of BRICS as an international organization of leading emerging economies. Key points covered include the economic and population size of the BRICS countries, their contributions to global GDP and trade relationships. The document also outlines some of the main advantages and challenges facing each BRICS country. It discusses cooperation between the BRICS countries in areas like trade, infrastructure development, healthcare and green energy. Overall the BRICS alliance aims to make the international order more representative and influence global issues.
The document discusses the evolving partnership between Russia and China over the past few decades. It notes that relations have strengthened significantly since the 1990s, with the two countries establishing a strategic partnership in 1996. Key aspects of their cooperation examined include growing military exercises and arms sales between the two militaries, increasing trade volumes but a need for trade to be more balanced, cooperation on energy issues including Russian energy exports to China, and alignment on opposing US unilateralism and supporting multilateralism geopolitically. The relationship demonstrates close political, economic and military ties that are expected to deepen further.
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a proposed free trade agreement between the 10 ASEAN nations and their six FTA partners - Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand. Negotiations for the RCEP agreement have been ongoing since 2012. While the RCEP could provide economic opportunities for India and boost trade, there are also concerns that it could harm domestic industries in India by increasing competition and widening the trade deficit with countries like China. As a result, the Indian government has taken a cautious approach to the RCEP negotiations.
The document is about ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). It discusses that ASEAN was established in 1967 and originally included 5 countries, later expanding to 10. ASEAN aims to promote regional peace and stability, economic growth, social progress, and cultural development among its members. It has faced some criticism regarding issues like conflicts over sea boundaries. The document also briefly outlines ASEAN-Pakistan relations, including trade and Pakistan's role as a sectoral dialogue partner.
This document provides an overview of trade relations between Bangladesh and China. It discusses the history of diplomatic relations between the two countries, which have been allies for over 35 years. Trade is a major area of cooperation, though Bangladesh suffers from a large trade deficit with China. Other potential areas of cooperation include water resource management, renewable energy, connectivity, foreign direct investment, maritime security, and port development. Strengthening economic and trading cooperation could help reduce tensions and serve as a model for regional collaboration.
This document discusses the relationship between Bangladesh and China. It provides a brief history of their diplomatic relations beginning in 1975. It notes some key events and agreements that have strengthened economic and military cooperation between the two countries over time. While China has become a major trading partner and source of foreign investment for Bangladesh, their relationship was initially complicated by China's support for Pakistan during Bangladesh's war of independence.
It involves 12 countries: the US, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Brunei, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Peru.
The pact aims to deepen economic ties between these nations, slashing tariffs and fostering trade to boost growth.
Member countries are also hoping to foster a closer relationship on economic policies and regulation.
The agreement could create a new single market something like that of the EU.
Pretty big indeed. The 12 countries have a collective population of about 800 million - almost double that of the European Union's single market. The 12-nation would-be bloc is already responsible for 40% of world trade.
The deal is a remarkable achievement given the very different approaches and standards within the member countries, including environmental protection, workers' rights and regulatory coherence - not to mention the special protections that some countries have for certain industries
Economy report of UAE . this report is only for United Arab Emirates. This project shows you how to make proper economy report for any country. Students who study Economy at university, they really need to read this report. I call it project because it's huge of information and it's complete.
FLASH REVISE CARDS - THE PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY OF THE LEAGUE OF NA...George Dumitrache
The document discusses the principle of collective security that was intended to maintain peace under the League of Nations. It involved all states acting together to repel an aggressor against any one state. There were three stages - moral disapproval, economic sanctions, and military sanctions as a last resort. However, the League's effectiveness was limited because it required unanimous decisions, allowing one no vote to block action, and it had no standing army of its own to impose military sanctions.
The document discusses regional economic integration agreements and provides information about BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). It outlines the formation and focus of the BRICS Forum, including establishing a development bank and addressing issues like poverty, healthcare, and infrastructure. It also provides economic overviews and statistics for each BRICS country, mentions potential new members, challenges faced by BRICS, and concludes that BRICS markets are well positioned for long-term growth despite short-term uncertainties.
The document discusses the Group of Seven (G7). It began in 1975 as the Group of Six finance ministers and central bank governors of France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, and US. Canada joined in 1976. The G7 coordinates macroeconomic and financial policies among member countries. It has no permanent secretariat and rotates annual presidency among members in order. Key objectives are economic growth, monetary reform, trade, and political/security issues. The G7 has evolved over time to address changing global challenges.
The document discusses BRICS, an international organization consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. It notes that BRICS was formed in 2001 and accounts for over 40% of the global labor force. The organization allows member countries to exchange views, identify areas for cooperation, and influence the global agenda. South Africa joined in 2010, changing the name from BRIC to BRICS. Key goals of BRICS include regional development, economic growth, education improvement, and utilizing their comparative advantages.
1) A nation's foreign policy is determined by both domestic and international factors. Domestically, factors include a country's culture, history, geography, economic strength, and political system.
2) Internationally, the structure of the international system, international laws and organizations, military alliances, and relative military powers all influence a country's foreign policy choices.
3) A country's foreign policy consists of defining its national interests and desired outcomes, and determining strategies and resources to pursue these interests in interactions with other states.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was established in 1985 when its Charter was formally adopted, with the goal of promoting economic and social progress among the countries of South Asia. Key areas of cooperation include agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture, and transportation.
The document summarizes the establishment and structure of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which was formed in 1981 when member states met in Abu Dhabi to establish a framework for coordination across various fields. The GCC's objectives are to promote unity, integration, and cooperation among member states. Its primary organs are the Supreme Council composed of state heads, the Ministerial Council of foreign ministers, and the Secretariat General led by a Secretary General.
Bangladesh is located in South Asia between India and Myanmar. It has a population of over 161 million and is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The economy relies heavily on agriculture, apparel exports, and remittances from overseas Bangladeshi workers. Ready-made garments contribute over 11% to GDP, though this percentage has declined in recent years. Bangladesh also faces development challenges such as rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, low spending on healthcare, and reducing child marriage rates.
The G7's precursor was the 'Group of Six'. It was founded ad hoc in 1975, consisting of finance ministers and central bank governors from France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The G7 countries represent more than 64% of the net global wealth ($263 trillion). A net national wealth and a very high Human Development Index are the main requirements to be a member of this group.
The G7 countries also represent the 46% of the global GDP evaluated at market exchange rates and the 32% of the global purchasing power parity GDP.
The organization was originally founded to facilitate shared macroeconomic initiatives by its members in response to the collapse of the exchange rate 1971, during the time of the Nixon Shock, the 1970s energy crisis and the ensuing recession.
To identify and work together on issues pertaining to security ,economies , climate change , Peace, geo political issues.
Develop framework for regulation for the above issues.
The document discusses the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), an intergovernmental organization of 8 South Asian nations. It was established in 1985 to promote economic and social progress in South Asia. SAARC focuses on areas like agriculture, trade, tourism, and more. Notable agreements include establishing the South Asian Free Trade Area to reduce customs duties between members and promoting regional cooperation in trade, finance, and economic matters. The organization aims to accelerate economic growth across South Asia.
The document summarizes Bangladesh's trade situation and future pathways given its graduation from Least Developed Country status. It provides an overview of Bangladesh's export and import trends in recent years, noting that exports have contributed around 15% of GDP on average. Garments make up over 80% of Bangladesh's export basket, with key markets being the US, EU, and other developed countries. The document discusses the implications of LDC graduation, including potential challenges in market access, technology transfer and intellectual property protections. It emphasizes the need to strengthen Bangladesh's trade competitiveness and private sector capacity as it transitions away from LDC preferences.
The document discusses different models of national economic systems and capitalism. It describes market oriented capitalism, which is based on private property, individual freedom, and competitive markets. Developmental capitalism is characterized by a strong state role in guiding development, while social market capitalism blends market forces with social policies. National economies also differ in the role of the state, purposes of economic activity, and structure of private business. Understanding these differences is important for studying the global economy.
The United States is an important economic partner of Bangladesh. Bangladesh exports many goods to the US, especially ready-made garments, and the US is a major destination for Bangladeshi exports. Maintaining good relations with the US is important for Bangladesh's economic development and trade prospects. The economies of the two countries are also linked through membership in international organizations like the UN, IMF, and WTO.
Bangladesh usa relationship during biden administrationM S Siddiqui
Bangladesh must take steps for enforcement and protection of IPR, non-tariff barrier such as registration of medical equipment under drug, stop of additional fermentation test of raw cotton, restriction on FDI in service sector etc. as well as concern about human and labour rights in Bangladesh.
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a proposed free trade agreement between the 10 ASEAN nations and their six FTA partners - Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand. Negotiations for the RCEP agreement have been ongoing since 2012. While the RCEP could provide economic opportunities for India and boost trade, there are also concerns that it could harm domestic industries in India by increasing competition and widening the trade deficit with countries like China. As a result, the Indian government has taken a cautious approach to the RCEP negotiations.
The document is about ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). It discusses that ASEAN was established in 1967 and originally included 5 countries, later expanding to 10. ASEAN aims to promote regional peace and stability, economic growth, social progress, and cultural development among its members. It has faced some criticism regarding issues like conflicts over sea boundaries. The document also briefly outlines ASEAN-Pakistan relations, including trade and Pakistan's role as a sectoral dialogue partner.
This document provides an overview of trade relations between Bangladesh and China. It discusses the history of diplomatic relations between the two countries, which have been allies for over 35 years. Trade is a major area of cooperation, though Bangladesh suffers from a large trade deficit with China. Other potential areas of cooperation include water resource management, renewable energy, connectivity, foreign direct investment, maritime security, and port development. Strengthening economic and trading cooperation could help reduce tensions and serve as a model for regional collaboration.
This document discusses the relationship between Bangladesh and China. It provides a brief history of their diplomatic relations beginning in 1975. It notes some key events and agreements that have strengthened economic and military cooperation between the two countries over time. While China has become a major trading partner and source of foreign investment for Bangladesh, their relationship was initially complicated by China's support for Pakistan during Bangladesh's war of independence.
It involves 12 countries: the US, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Brunei, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Peru.
The pact aims to deepen economic ties between these nations, slashing tariffs and fostering trade to boost growth.
Member countries are also hoping to foster a closer relationship on economic policies and regulation.
The agreement could create a new single market something like that of the EU.
Pretty big indeed. The 12 countries have a collective population of about 800 million - almost double that of the European Union's single market. The 12-nation would-be bloc is already responsible for 40% of world trade.
The deal is a remarkable achievement given the very different approaches and standards within the member countries, including environmental protection, workers' rights and regulatory coherence - not to mention the special protections that some countries have for certain industries
Economy report of UAE . this report is only for United Arab Emirates. This project shows you how to make proper economy report for any country. Students who study Economy at university, they really need to read this report. I call it project because it's huge of information and it's complete.
FLASH REVISE CARDS - THE PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY OF THE LEAGUE OF NA...George Dumitrache
The document discusses the principle of collective security that was intended to maintain peace under the League of Nations. It involved all states acting together to repel an aggressor against any one state. There were three stages - moral disapproval, economic sanctions, and military sanctions as a last resort. However, the League's effectiveness was limited because it required unanimous decisions, allowing one no vote to block action, and it had no standing army of its own to impose military sanctions.
The document discusses regional economic integration agreements and provides information about BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). It outlines the formation and focus of the BRICS Forum, including establishing a development bank and addressing issues like poverty, healthcare, and infrastructure. It also provides economic overviews and statistics for each BRICS country, mentions potential new members, challenges faced by BRICS, and concludes that BRICS markets are well positioned for long-term growth despite short-term uncertainties.
The document discusses the Group of Seven (G7). It began in 1975 as the Group of Six finance ministers and central bank governors of France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, and US. Canada joined in 1976. The G7 coordinates macroeconomic and financial policies among member countries. It has no permanent secretariat and rotates annual presidency among members in order. Key objectives are economic growth, monetary reform, trade, and political/security issues. The G7 has evolved over time to address changing global challenges.
The document discusses BRICS, an international organization consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. It notes that BRICS was formed in 2001 and accounts for over 40% of the global labor force. The organization allows member countries to exchange views, identify areas for cooperation, and influence the global agenda. South Africa joined in 2010, changing the name from BRIC to BRICS. Key goals of BRICS include regional development, economic growth, education improvement, and utilizing their comparative advantages.
1) A nation's foreign policy is determined by both domestic and international factors. Domestically, factors include a country's culture, history, geography, economic strength, and political system.
2) Internationally, the structure of the international system, international laws and organizations, military alliances, and relative military powers all influence a country's foreign policy choices.
3) A country's foreign policy consists of defining its national interests and desired outcomes, and determining strategies and resources to pursue these interests in interactions with other states.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization consisting of 8 member states in South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC was established in 1985 when its Charter was formally adopted, with the goal of promoting economic and social progress among the countries of South Asia. Key areas of cooperation include agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture, and transportation.
The document summarizes the establishment and structure of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which was formed in 1981 when member states met in Abu Dhabi to establish a framework for coordination across various fields. The GCC's objectives are to promote unity, integration, and cooperation among member states. Its primary organs are the Supreme Council composed of state heads, the Ministerial Council of foreign ministers, and the Secretariat General led by a Secretary General.
Bangladesh is located in South Asia between India and Myanmar. It has a population of over 161 million and is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The economy relies heavily on agriculture, apparel exports, and remittances from overseas Bangladeshi workers. Ready-made garments contribute over 11% to GDP, though this percentage has declined in recent years. Bangladesh also faces development challenges such as rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, low spending on healthcare, and reducing child marriage rates.
The G7's precursor was the 'Group of Six'. It was founded ad hoc in 1975, consisting of finance ministers and central bank governors from France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The G7 countries represent more than 64% of the net global wealth ($263 trillion). A net national wealth and a very high Human Development Index are the main requirements to be a member of this group.
The G7 countries also represent the 46% of the global GDP evaluated at market exchange rates and the 32% of the global purchasing power parity GDP.
The organization was originally founded to facilitate shared macroeconomic initiatives by its members in response to the collapse of the exchange rate 1971, during the time of the Nixon Shock, the 1970s energy crisis and the ensuing recession.
To identify and work together on issues pertaining to security ,economies , climate change , Peace, geo political issues.
Develop framework for regulation for the above issues.
The document discusses the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), an intergovernmental organization of 8 South Asian nations. It was established in 1985 to promote economic and social progress in South Asia. SAARC focuses on areas like agriculture, trade, tourism, and more. Notable agreements include establishing the South Asian Free Trade Area to reduce customs duties between members and promoting regional cooperation in trade, finance, and economic matters. The organization aims to accelerate economic growth across South Asia.
The document summarizes Bangladesh's trade situation and future pathways given its graduation from Least Developed Country status. It provides an overview of Bangladesh's export and import trends in recent years, noting that exports have contributed around 15% of GDP on average. Garments make up over 80% of Bangladesh's export basket, with key markets being the US, EU, and other developed countries. The document discusses the implications of LDC graduation, including potential challenges in market access, technology transfer and intellectual property protections. It emphasizes the need to strengthen Bangladesh's trade competitiveness and private sector capacity as it transitions away from LDC preferences.
The document discusses different models of national economic systems and capitalism. It describes market oriented capitalism, which is based on private property, individual freedom, and competitive markets. Developmental capitalism is characterized by a strong state role in guiding development, while social market capitalism blends market forces with social policies. National economies also differ in the role of the state, purposes of economic activity, and structure of private business. Understanding these differences is important for studying the global economy.
The United States is an important economic partner of Bangladesh. Bangladesh exports many goods to the US, especially ready-made garments, and the US is a major destination for Bangladeshi exports. Maintaining good relations with the US is important for Bangladesh's economic development and trade prospects. The economies of the two countries are also linked through membership in international organizations like the UN, IMF, and WTO.
Bangladesh usa relationship during biden administrationM S Siddiqui
Bangladesh must take steps for enforcement and protection of IPR, non-tariff barrier such as registration of medical equipment under drug, stop of additional fermentation test of raw cotton, restriction on FDI in service sector etc. as well as concern about human and labour rights in Bangladesh.
Impact of TICFA Agreement and Cancellation of GSP Scheme: A Case Study from B...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study on the impact of the Trade and Investment Cooperation Forum Agreement (TICFA) between Bangladesh and the US, and the cancellation of Bangladesh's Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) benefits. The study analyzes the contents and objectives of the TICFA agreement, discussing both its potential positive impacts like increased investment, as well as negatives like pressure from the stronger US economy. It also examines why Bangladesh lost its GSP status for garment exports and whether this benefit could be restored. The document provides context on Bangladesh's economy and trade relationship with the US.
President donald trump and fate of bangladesh economyM S Siddiqui
We should not rely on the uncertain decision of the US President Donald Trump. We should give up narrow idea of loss of revenue of NBR and should build capacity go for bi-lateral, regional and inter-regional trade block in order to survive in the free trade regime.
Mr commerce minister, us will go back to tppM S Siddiqui
The political leadership is in right directions. We have observed sincere desire of our present Commerce Minister Mr Tofail Ahmed to sign FTA/PTA with Sri Lanka and Thailand has been slowed down by different ministries and departments. The vision of political leadership should be honored by the administration.
Bangladesh has one possible solution to joint TPP and become stakeholder of the game under TPP Plus option. Bangladesh should try to join Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Bangladesh should immediately go for free trade agreement with USA and EU the largest buyers from Bangladesh. We should also immediately sign FTA with China and India, the major sources of raw materials of export products.
International Business Presentation.pptxMAHMUD388691
This document discusses barriers to international trade from Bangladesh's perspective. It provides data on Bangladesh's imports and exports from 2000-2022, showing declines in 2022. It outlines the continents and countries that Bangladesh conducts the most trade with. The largest export industries are apparel, RMG, jute, fish, and leather. The largest import categories are machinery, iron, chemicals, and automobiles. The document then examines Bangladesh's trade policies and agreements with key regions like Europe, the US, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. It identifies tariffs and non-tariff barriers that impact Bangladeshi trade. Findings note the need to expand free trade agreements to boost exports and make trade policies more flexible. Recommendations
1) Bangladesh has experienced strong economic growth over the last decade led by its large ready-made garments sector and remittances from overseas workers. This growth has helped lift many out of poverty.
2) The government has invested heavily in infrastructure like power to support economic activity, and established special economic zones to attract foreign investment.
3) While Bangladesh still faces challenges like political instability and dependence on the garments sector, its continued economic growth positions it to become a middle-income country in the coming years if it can overcome these obstacles.
The document discusses how regional integration could help Bangladesh achieve comparative advantages in certain products. It explains that regional trade blocs like FTAs promote preferential market access which benefits member countries. Bangladesh has benefited from exporting garments due to the multilateral trading system. Regional integration could allow Bangladesh to identify products where it has a comparative advantage using revealed comparative advantage indices. Products with an RCA over 1 indicate an advantage. Regional connectivity through trade and infrastructure could further help Bangladesh specialize and develop competitive industries.
This presentation discusses international trade between India and Bangladesh. India is Bangladesh's largest trading partner, with Bangladesh importing $4.8 billion worth of goods from India in 2011, while exporting $512 million worth of goods to India. The presentation outlines the advantages and disadvantages of international trade. It also discusses the trade policies of both India and Bangladesh, noting that India has reduced tariffs and non-tariff barriers in recent decades, while Bangladesh still maintains some customs restrictions at its land borders with India. Stimulating further trade between the two countries could benefit both economies.
The document discusses Bangladesh's growing economy and export potential to Canada. Some key points:
- Bangladesh's economy has grown over 6% annually for the past 5 years and it is now the 42nd largest economy globally. Major exports include garments, seafood, and jute goods.
- Exports to Canada have more than tripled over the past decade to nearly $1 billion in 2010-2011. However, exports remain concentrated in a few products, leaving potential to diversify.
- To better utilize trade agreements and diversify exports, Bangladesh needs to expand exportable products beyond garments to include other sectors like agriculture, leather goods, pharmaceuticals and infrastructure projects.
- Bangladesh offers investors
About PTA, Indian PTA, level of economic integration, Pros cons, Unilateral, bilateral and multilateral, indian few PTA, FTA, Chile, Mercosur, Malaysia, AFGHANISTAN, TAHILAND, BANGLADESH, JAPAN.
Running Head BRAZIL HISTORICAL TRADE PATTERNS1BRAZIL HISTOR.docxhealdkathaleen
Running Head: BRAZIL HISTORICAL TRADE PATTERNS1
BRAZIL HISTORICAL TRADE PATTERNS5
BU532 International Economics
Brazil Historical Trade Patterns
Prof.: Dr. Kim, Rachel
Bruna Martins
Southern States University
Brazil is ranked position 22nd across the globe as the largest export economy as per Economic Complexity index. The country’s top exports are Soybeans, Iron Ore, Crude petroleum, Raw Sugar as well as cars. The major exporting countries are China, United States, Argentina, Netherlands and Japan. It’s main importing nations are China, United States, Argentina, Korea among other nations. The country experienced a 20% shrinking in the trade surplus to a tune of $ 46.67 billion for financial year 2019.
The recent shrank in international trading between Brazil and other nations was driven by strengthening domestic demand hence boosting the country’s economic growth rate to 2.3%. Consequently, the country has had higher imports compared to the exports in the recent times. The nation’s minister of Trade Ferraz allude confidence a balance between imports and exports would be attained.
The surplus were weakest in 2015 standing at $ 19.5 billion as a result of adverse economic recession in the country. In 2019, the demand for the Brazilian commodities faced the slowest global growth within the decade, several uncertainintites concerning the United States- China trade disputes. Moreover, the trading activity experienced political as well as economic turmoil in the latin America.
Argentina had a renewed slide into the economic as well as political crisis that significantly reduced the exports for manutactured goods to a tune of $ 5.2 billion in 2019. The trade actibity was also slowed by the outbreak of t6he African swine fever in the China market hence reducing the soy exports to a tune of $ 6.7 billion.
Brazil enjoys a comparative advantage in the international trade compared to other countries. For instance, United States has an absolute advantage in the production of the computers but Brazil enjoys a competitive advantage in the sector. Brazil has offered subsides to the computers manufactures to close to two-thirds the costs of producing in the United States. Consequently, the favorable terms attract potential investors to produce computers for ultimate export at a relatively cheaper costs of production.
The Brazilian foreign trade policy allows for increased imports while reducing on exportable products. At the beginning of 1990s, the country marked a significant shift in the foreign trade policy which included the liberation of the foreign trade attained through the reduction in import tariffs as well as the full implementation of MERCOSUR with primary objective of tackling globalization related problems. Consequently, the country was to increase the imports while attaining the balance of trade in 1996 of $ 5.5 billion and in 1997 at $ 8.4 billion. The country through the ministry of trade seeks not only to attain the bal ...
Running Head BRAZIL HISTORICAL TRADE PATTERNS1BRAZIL HISTOR.docxtoddr4
Running Head: BRAZIL HISTORICAL TRADE PATTERNS1
BRAZIL HISTORICAL TRADE PATTERNS5
BU532 International Economics
Brazil Historical Trade Patterns
Prof.: Dr. Kim, Rachel
Bruna Martins
Southern States University
Brazil is ranked position 22nd across the globe as the largest export economy as per Economic Complexity index. The country’s top exports are Soybeans, Iron Ore, Crude petroleum, Raw Sugar as well as cars. The major exporting countries are China, United States, Argentina, Netherlands and Japan. It’s main importing nations are China, United States, Argentina, Korea among other nations. The country experienced a 20% shrinking in the trade surplus to a tune of $ 46.67 billion for financial year 2019.
The recent shrank in international trading between Brazil and other nations was driven by strengthening domestic demand hence boosting the country’s economic growth rate to 2.3%. Consequently, the country has had higher imports compared to the exports in the recent times. The nation’s minister of Trade Ferraz allude confidence a balance between imports and exports would be attained.
The surplus were weakest in 2015 standing at $ 19.5 billion as a result of adverse economic recession in the country. In 2019, the demand for the Brazilian commodities faced the slowest global growth within the decade, several uncertainintites concerning the United States- China trade disputes. Moreover, the trading activity experienced political as well as economic turmoil in the latin America.
Argentina had a renewed slide into the economic as well as political crisis that significantly reduced the exports for manutactured goods to a tune of $ 5.2 billion in 2019. The trade actibity was also slowed by the outbreak of t6he African swine fever in the China market hence reducing the soy exports to a tune of $ 6.7 billion.
Brazil enjoys a comparative advantage in the international trade compared to other countries. For instance, United States has an absolute advantage in the production of the computers but Brazil enjoys a competitive advantage in the sector. Brazil has offered subsides to the computers manufactures to close to two-thirds the costs of producing in the United States. Consequently, the favorable terms attract potential investors to produce computers for ultimate export at a relatively cheaper costs of production.
The Brazilian foreign trade policy allows for increased imports while reducing on exportable products. At the beginning of 1990s, the country marked a significant shift in the foreign trade policy which included the liberation of the foreign trade attained through the reduction in import tariffs as well as the full implementation of MERCOSUR with primary objective of tackling globalization related problems. Consequently, the country was to increase the imports while attaining the balance of trade in 1996 of $ 5.5 billion and in 1997 at $ 8.4 billion. The country through the ministry of trade seeks not only to attain the bal.
The document discusses US foreign trade. It notes that the US is among the top three global importers and exporters. Total trade accounted for 30% of US GDP in 2013. Exports increased to a record $2.3 trillion in 2013, supporting over 11 million jobs. The US imports and exports both goods and services. It is a member of the WTO and has various trade agreements to help regulate trade.
The rise of the global South is radically reshaping the world and is perhaps the most significant development of recent times. As one of the fastest growing economies, India has emerged as the seventh largest economy globally. Moreover, India’s 16-rung leap in the recently released Global Competitiveness ranking by the World Economic Forum points towards its sharp focus on improving competitiveness.
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While Indian industry has adapted well to the changing global dynamics, it needs to work hard to integrate itself into the global value chains (GVCs) to boost its global trade, and the country’s economic development.
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NAFTA is a trilateral trade agreement signed in 1992 between the United States, Canada, and Mexico to reduce barriers to cross-border trade and investment. The agreement aimed to eliminate most tariffs on products traded between the three countries over a 15-year period and facilitate the cross-border movement of goods and services. Its goals were to reduce trading costs, increase business investment, and make North America more competitive globally.
Trade between the United States and India has significantly increased since the 1990s, surging from $16 billion in 1999 to over $149 billion in 2020. While trade has benefits for both countries, tensions have risen regarding tariffs and foreign investment. However, both countries share democratic values and are converging on global issues, providing a strong base for relations. With the COVID-19 pandemic, trade relations between the two countries are expected to improve further as they seek economic opportunities.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) regulates international trade between member countries. It was established in 1995 to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. There are currently 161 member countries. Key WTO agreements cover agriculture, textiles, technical barriers to trade, investment measures, government procurement, and other areas. The Agreement on Agriculture aims to reform trade and reduce barriers in the agriculture sector through commitments on domestic support, export subsidies, and market access. India's commitments under the agreement involve limiting tariffs and subsidies while maintaining certain protections. The Bali agreement advanced negotiations on reducing trade barriers and supporting developing countries. Recent WTO cases have involved disputes between countries like the US, EU, China, and India over issues such as
US-China Trade Conflict: Potential Trade Opportunities and Investment in Bang...Ashok Bala
Since 2018, the multilateral trading system has challenged by the United States’ unilateral decisions of raising import tariffs on certain trading partners, especially with China.
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3. History of Bangladesh-USA Bilateral Relations
Bangladesh-USA relations date back to the 1970s when
the USA recognized Bangladesh as a sovereign state on
4th April, 1972.
US assistance began to flow for the rehabilitation of
Bangladesh and the first direct assistance from the USA
totalled $ 122.2 million in 1972.
4. Bilateral Trade between Bangladesh and USA
USA is the most important & single largest trading partner
of Bangladesh with about a quarter of its exports being
destined for USA
Bangladesh was the 57th largest trading partner of USA in
2011
Bangladesh was also the 78th largest importer and 46th
largest exporter of USA in 2011
Recently Bangladesh has been graduated to 2nd largest
apparel exporter to USA market
6. Major Export Items of Bangladesh to USA
No. Products Export Mn. US$
2010-11
% of total export
to US
1. Woven Garments 3506 68.6
2. Knitwear 1119 21.8
3. Home Textile 197 3.85
4. Frozen Food 88 1.8
5. Cap 42 0.82
These five products contribute to 96.8 percent of total
export to USA from Bangladesh.
7. FDI of USA in Bangladesh
Year FDI in million
US$
2005-06 46.29
2006-07 17.89
2007-08 39.55
2008-09 15.35
2009-10 143.63
2010-11 846.71
2011-12
(Upto April-12)
15.09
8. US GSP Facilities
US GSP facilities will be continued up to July 31, 2013
Only about 71 percent of US GSP facilities were utilized for Bangladesh’s
export in 2010
This GSP covered less than 1 percent of Bangladesh’s total export to USA
GSP preferences are available for about one third (3,400 products) of all
products (more than 10,500) imported into the United States. GSP
eligible products are mostly manufactures and semi-manufactures
notably, consumer electronics and machinery and parts but also selected
agricultural and primary industrial products.
The main export item of Bangladesh is RMG which is not included in US
GSP list.
9. Bangladesh needs support from US
Bangladesh is not head to head competitor of USA. It is true that if the
competitiveness of Bangladesh is reduced/lost in the textile and
apparel sector, the other Asian countries will capture the US market
rather than the local products of USA or its FTA partner.
Even though the US GSP program cover many products and thus
benefits many developing countries, it unfortunately does not help
Bangladesh much as it mostly exports apparel items in USA and
apparel, being in the sensitive list is not covered under GSP program.
As a result, exported apparel from Bangladesh, like other exporting
countries such as China, face a stiff tariff penalty in USA ranging from
0% to as high as 32%. So, RMG must be included in the US GSP
program.
US based brands and importers can avail of low cost but quality
apparels from Bangladesh.
10. Grant DFQF market access for all Bangladeshi products to USA.
If DFQF treatment is granted to Bangladesh, it will create new
opportunities for Bangladesh and US exporters will be able to export
more accessories, agricultural products and equipments. It will foster
the economic growth of Bangladesh and benefit of the US
consumers. Moreover, apparel is one of the important items for the
US consumers.
Creation of any sub-category or grouping among the LDCs by USA will
affect Bangladesh most and put a threat to our RMG industry.
Development initiatives of the LDCs to attain MDGs should be equally
supported by USA.
Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world although
it does not contribute to global warming. So, USA should assist
Bangladesh economically and politically in all the international
fora for climate change mitigation and adaptation and
establish/transfer of green technology.
Bangladesh needs support from US, Cont…
11. The current negotiation on TICFA should be conducted in such a way
so that both the countries are equally benefited and TICFA provides a
forum to look into each other trade issues in win-win position.
The TICFA issue should also be discussed with the private sector in
order to have it more transparent and business friendly.
Bangladesh needs support from US, Cont…