The document provides brief biographies of several important figures from the period leading up to and during the American Civil War. It describes key statesmen and politicians like John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay who attempted to negotiate compromises over the issue of slavery. Abolitionists like Frederick Douglass and John Brown who fought against the expansion of slavery are also mentioned. Several pivotal court cases, battles, campaigns, and leaders from both the Union and Confederacy during the Civil War are summarized as well.
Lincoln, War, and the Slaughter of the American Working Class.docxsmile790243
Lincoln, War, and the Slaughter of the American Working Class
The American Civil War 1861-1865
The American Civil War is still, without doubt, the most traumatic experience in American History. Far more so than the American Revolution, the World Wars, and 9/11.
New estimates put the number of soldier deaths at 750,000 or above. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/03/science/civil-war-toll-up-by-20-percent-in-new-estimate.html
This does not include the many civilian deaths through disease, starvation, heartbreak, etc.
About 22 million lived in the North and 9 million in the South at the time of the war. There was about a 3.5 to 2.5 ratio of deaths North to South, but this means that the South lost a greater percentage of its population.
About 36,000 African American soldiers were killed.
In the following slides, we’ll recount the seminal events leading up to the war.
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We can go back to the very foundations of the United States when the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article 4, Section 2, Clause 3) and the 3/5th Clause (Article 1, Section 2. Par. 3) of the Constitution effectively legalized slavery without explicitly mentioning slavery.
Also, Amendment 10 “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” leaves the issue of slavery and other legal, commercial, and social matters up to the states.
Arguments and ill feelings regarding these issues began almost immediately, and tensions almost led to violence in 1820 when the Missouri Compromise staved off revolt and kept the balance between slave state and free state representation.
Texas independence from Mexico followed by its attempt to join the U.S. created tensions before and after the delayed admission in December of 1845, during the Polk Administration.
Polk’s (murderous?) manipulation of international politics led to massive gains in U.S. territory. He gave Mexico little chance to a avoid war that resulted in the loss of the that nations northern half, and he negotiated for the acquisition and consolidation of the Northwest, completing the U.S. march to the Pacific.
This created all kinds of problems for the slavery balance. The Wilmot Proviso, which might have solved the problem, though admittedly in the non-extentionist favor, was rejected. When California asked to join the Union as a free state, it engendered yet another crisis. Half of the state was below the Missouri Compromise line. There was a call in Congress to split California into one free and one slave state.
Then Clay (again) proposed a compromise that delayed secession, but may have ensured it at the same time.
Battle of San Jacinto
April 21, 1836
1845
O’Sullivan
Popularizes Term
Manifest Destiny
Clays Compromise 1850
California Enters Union as a Free State
Territories to Have No Restrictions on Slavery
Enforce Fugitive Slave Law
No Slaves in D.C.
Recall from the last presen ...
2. John Quincy Adams
(1767 - 1848)
The 6th President of the U.S, an American Diplomat, helped with the
forming of the Monroe Doctrine and Secretary of State, one of the
greatest diplomats in history, he was deeply troubled by slavery, which
was the root of the cause of the civil war. He died on February 23,
1848, right before the start of the Civil war.
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3. Daniel Webster
(1782 - 1852)
Statesman, lawyer and orator, Favored the Compromise of
1850, opposed extension of slavery into the territories, he was
named secretary of state in July 1850, and supervised strict
enforcementof the Fugitive Slave Act.
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4. Henry Clay
(1777 - 1852)
Statesmen, orator, speaker for the House of Representatives,and
Secretary of State, opposed the annexation of Texas, was one of the
5 greatest Senators of U.S history. He organized many compromises
dealing with slavery, a major issue of the Civil war. He died on June
29, 1852.
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5. Frederick Douglas
(1818-1895)
He was a strong abolitionist, known also for Lincoln-Douglas
debates of 1858, the series of heated debates between him and
Abraham Lincoln over slavery, popular sovereignty, and politics,
a definite issue of the Civil war.
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6. Dred Scott
(1799 - 1858)
Slave who sued for his freedom, was tried by the Supreme
Court,and lost with the conclusion that slaves could never
become US citizens;he strengthened debate between North and
South. Died as a slave in 1858.
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7. John Wilkes Booth
He was a strong Confederate supporter. He
assassinated Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1658 in
Ford’s Theater, Washington D.C.
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8. John Brown
(1800-1859)
He was hung to death on 1859 for expressing strong abolitionist
protests. An evangelical who thought God chose him to end the
slavery. Killed a few whites and revolted. Was hung to death on
1859.
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9. Battle on Fort Sumter
Date: April 12-13, 1861
Location: Fort Sumter, South Carolina
Confederates Won
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10. Jefferson Davis
(1808 - 1889)
A Confederacy from 1861 to 1865. leader during the Civil War, as well
as President of the Confederate States of America, he fought in the
Mexican-American war,he took charged of the Confederates war plans
but couldn’t find a strategy to stop the Union, and Southerners saw him
as a Civil War hero because of his pride and ideals.
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11. Battle of West Virginia
Date: April 19, 1861
Location: Baltimore
Confederate Won
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12. Clara Barton
Supplied and cared for the wounded soldiers of the Civil War,
whether they were Union or Confederate. She first started
nursing hurt Massachusetts soldiers on April 21, 1861. She
eventually established the American Red Cross in 1881.
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13. Albert Sydney Johnson
Considered a "Texas Patriot" and "Confederate Hero". President Davis
of the Confederacy appointed him general. On May 30, 1861, he
became one of the highest leading Confederate generals of the West.
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14. Battle of Bull Run
Date: July 21, 1861
Location: Manassas, Virginia
Confederates Won
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15. Ulysses S. Grant
He was the 18th US president. He was appointed as a
brigadier general on July 31, 1861. He captured Fort Henry
and Fort Donelson with help from the Federal navy.
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16. Battle of Missouri
Date: August 10, 1861
Location: Wilson's Greek, Missouri
Union Won
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17. Harriet Beecher Stowe
(1811-1896)
Author of the famous book Uncle Tom’s Cabin, of 1862 which
would be one of the causes of the Civil War. All her novels were
based on her hatred for slavery. She is one of America’s most
recognized writers.
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18. Battle of Pea Ridge
Date: March 6-8, 1862
Location: Benton County, Arkansas
Union won
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19. Battle of Shiloh
Date: April 6-7, 1862
Location: Hardin County, Tennessee
Union won
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20. Seven Days Battle
Date: June 25 - July 1, 1862
Location: Henrico County, Virginia
Confederate won
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21. Peninsular Campaign
Date: March through July 1862
Location: began in Virginia, ended in Mechanicsville
Confederate won
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22. Battle of Antietam
Date: Sept 17, 1862
Location: Near Sharpsburg, Maryland
Union won
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23. Battle of Fredericksburg
Date: Dec. 11-15 1862
Location: Spotslyvania County and Fredericksburg, Virginia
Confederate won
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24. Stonewall Jackson
(1824- May 10, 1863)
In the First Battle of Bull Run, Jackson, a Southern general
refused to give up even though his side was loosing.His refusal
to give up later gave him a nickname: "Stonewall".
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25. Chancellorsville
Date: April 30- May 6, 1863
Location: Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Confederate won
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26. Vicksburg
Date: May 18- July 4, 1863
Location:Vicksburg, Mississippi
Union won
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27. Gettysburg
Date: July 1-3, 1863
Location: Adams County, Pennsylvania
Union won
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29. Stone's River
Date: December 31, 1862- January 2,1863
Location: Tennessee
Union won
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30. Robert Gould Shaw
(1837-1863)
Until his death in 1863, he was a devoted Union general of the
54th regiment of the Civil War, leading an all-black men army.
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36. Theodore Weld
Theodore Weld fought against slavery. He was in the Anti-
Slavery Society, and wrote pamphlets for other anti-slavery
organizations. He highlighted the issue of slavery, a major
cause of the Civil war. Until the 13th amendment abolishing
slavery was established in 1865, he kept fighting for his
abolitionist cause.
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37. Robert E. Lee
(1807 - 1870)
Led Confederate army; considered one of the best commanders
during Civil War. Continued to fight until the end, and
surrendered on April 9, 1865.
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38. Abraham Lincoln
(1809 - 1865)
16th President of the United States, he guided his country through the
Civil war, also considered by historians to have been the greatest
President in American History. He was assassinated on April 14, 1865.
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39. Dorothea Lynde Dix
She was the superintendent of Union Army Nurses. She was known to
have cared for both Union and Confederate soldiers, without any bias.
She cured any American soldier that was injured during the Civil War.
Her last move was in 1881 to New Jersey State Hospital.
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40. Soujourner Truth
(1797 - 1883)
She became a national symbol for strong black women. She
transformed herself from a domestic servant to an preacher. Her
words inspired mostly black woman and poor people.
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41. Harriet Tubman
(1821 - 1913)
Harriet Tubman, a slave, ran away one night by herself and
gained freedom by going to Pennsylvania. She joined the group
of people who organized the Underground Railroad, and
worked to free many slaves.
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