This document provides an overview of the muscles and topography of the upper and lower limbs. It begins with an outline listing the topics to be covered, including the muscles of the shoulder girdle, upper arm, forearm, hand, and fasciae of the upper limb. Similar structures of the lower limb are also listed. The document then describes the muscles of the upper limb in more detail, covering the muscles of the shoulder joint, upper arm, forearm, and hand. It also discusses the anatomy of relevant areas like the axillary cavity, cubital fossa, and topography of the forearm and hand. Synovial bursae of the upper limb are defined. In closing, clinical applications relating to
Muscles and Topography of the Upper and Lower LimbMBBS Help
Muscles of the upper limb.
Muscles and topography of the shoulder girdle.
Muscles and topography of the upper arm.
Muscles and topography of the forearm.
Muscles and topography of the hand.
Fasciae of the upper limb.
The synovial bursae of the upper limb.
The muscles of the lower limb.
Muscles and topography of the pelvic girdle.
Muscles and topography of the thigh.
Muscles and topography of the leg.
Muscles and topography of the foot.
The synovial bursae of the lower limb.
hey this is Vedika Agrawal and this presentation is TO EXPLAIN AND HELP YOU UNDERSTAND ANATOMY OF FOREARM.
The topic is usually mixed with hand making it difficult to understand and so i seperated it to make it easy for you.
Hey this is Vedika Agrawal and my presentation explains about anatomy of forearm which covers almost every diagram and key point required to understand this topic.
This topic is usually mixed with antaomy of hand and so I separated to keep it easy for you.
reference: BD Chaurasia
Muscles and Topography of the Upper and Lower LimbMBBS Help
Muscles of the upper limb.
Muscles and topography of the shoulder girdle.
Muscles and topography of the upper arm.
Muscles and topography of the forearm.
Muscles and topography of the hand.
Fasciae of the upper limb.
The synovial bursae of the upper limb.
The muscles of the lower limb.
Muscles and topography of the pelvic girdle.
Muscles and topography of the thigh.
Muscles and topography of the leg.
Muscles and topography of the foot.
The synovial bursae of the lower limb.
hey this is Vedika Agrawal and this presentation is TO EXPLAIN AND HELP YOU UNDERSTAND ANATOMY OF FOREARM.
The topic is usually mixed with hand making it difficult to understand and so i seperated it to make it easy for you.
Hey this is Vedika Agrawal and my presentation explains about anatomy of forearm which covers almost every diagram and key point required to understand this topic.
This topic is usually mixed with antaomy of hand and so I separated to keep it easy for you.
reference: BD Chaurasia
Anatomy of brachial plexus explained in detail along with nerve supply of all the muscles of upper limb and various paralysis caused by brachial plexus injury
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Anatomy of brachial plexus explained in detail along with nerve supply of all the muscles of upper limb and various paralysis caused by brachial plexus injury
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. Department of Human Anatomy KNMU
MUSCLES AND TOPOGRAPHY
OF THE UPPER AND LOWER
LIMBS
Slide-lecture for students of the 6 Faculty of Medicine
Lector – associate professor Zharova Nataliya
2015
2. •
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
PLAN
Muscles of the upper limb.
Muscles and topography of the shoulder girdle.
Muscles and topography of the upper arm.
Muscles and topography of the forearm.
Muscles and topography of the hand.
Fasciae of the upper limb.
The synovial bursae of the upper limb.
The muscles of the lower limb.
Muscles and topography of the pelvic girdle.
Muscles and topography of the thigh.
Muscles and topography of the leg.
Muscles and topography of the foot.
The synovial bursae of the lower limb.
3. MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LIMB
The muscles of the upper limb can be classified into the muscles of the
shoulder joint, the muscles of the arm, the muscles of the forearm and the
muscles of the hand.
Muscles of the Shoulder joint
The Dorsal group The Ventral group
1.The deltoid muscle
2.The supraspinatus muscle
3.The infraspinatus muscle
4.The teres minor muscle
5. The teres major muscle
1.The subscapular muscle
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. The axillary cavity
•
•
•
•
•
•
Walls. The axillary cavity has four
walls formed by the following
muscles:
anterior — pectoralis major and
minor;
posterior — subscapularis, teres
major, and latissimus dorsi;
medial — serratus anterior;
lateral — short head of the
biceps brachii, coracobrachialis,
and humerus.
On the posterior wall are 2
openings:
quadrangular opening bounded
by the teres major (below),
subscapularis (above), long
head of the triceps brachii
(medially), and humerus
(laterally);
triangular opening bounded by
the teres major (below),
subscapularis (above), and long
head of the triceps brachii
(laterally).
9. Triangles of the anterior
wall of the axillary cavity.
•
•
•
For better orientation, three
triangles are distinguished
on the anterior wall of the
axillary cavity:
clavipectoral triangle
resides between the
clavicle and the upper
border of the pectoralis
minor;
pectoral triangle
corresponds to the
projection of the pectoralis
minor;
subpectoral triangle
located between the
inferior borders of the
pectoralis minor (above)
and pectoralis major
(below); laterally it is
bounded by the deltoid.
Between the pectoralis
major and deltoid there is
a deep deltoidopectoral
groove.
10. Muscles of the Upper Arm
The muscles of the upper arm are concerned with the movements at the
shoulder and elbow joints on the frontal axis and, therefore, are situated on the
anterior (two flexors) and posterior (two extensors) surfaces of the upper arm
and attach to the bones of the forearm.
Anterior muscles
of the Upper Arm
(flexors)
Posterior muscles of the Upper Arm
(extensors)
1.The biceps brachii muscle
2.The coracobrachial muscle
1.The triceps brachii muscle
2.Elbow’s muscle
11.
12.
13.
14. The topography of the upper arm
•
•
•
Radial canal is located behind the humerus. It is bounded by
the radial groove of the humerus in the front and by the triceps
brachii in the back. The canal has a spiral path. The radial canal
begins on the medial surface of the arm between the medial
and lateral heads of the triceps brachii and exits on the lateral
surface of the arm between the brachialis and brachio-radialis.
The canal gives passage to the radial nerve and a. profunda
brachii.
Medial bicipital groove lies medially between the biceps brachii
and brachialis; it transmits the main neurovascular bundle of
the upper arm.
Lateral bicipital groove resides laterally between the biceps
brachii and brachialis; it gives passage to the cephalic vein.
15. Muscles of the Forearm
The muscles of the forearm are separated into two groups according to position
and function: the anterior group is composed of flexors and pronators, the
posterior group is composed of extensors and supinator.
Each group consists of a superficial and deep layers.
The Anterior group, Superficial layer
(flexors)
The Anterior Group,
Deep layer (flexors)
1. The round pronator muscle
2.The radial flexor of the wrist
3.The long palmar muscle
4.The ulnar flexor of the wrist
5.The superficial flexor of the fingers
6.The long flexors of the thumb
7.The deep flexor of the fingers
8.The square pronator muscle
16.
17.
18.
19.
20. The Posterior group
The muscles of the posterior group of the forearm are divided into two
subgroups: radial and ulnar. The first occupies the anterolateral surface of the
forearm, while the second occupies the posterior surface and is formed by the
superficial and deep layers.
The Posterior Radial Group The Posterior Ulnar group
1.The brachioradial muscle
2.The long radial extensor of the wrist 3.
The short radial extensor of the wrist
Superficial layer
4.The common extensor of the fingers
5.The extensor of the little finger
6.The ulnar extensor of the wrist
Deep layer
7. The supinator muscle
8. The long abductor of the thumb
9. The short extensor of the thumb
10. The long extensor of the thumb
11. The extensor of the index
21.
22.
23.
24. The
topography
of the
forearm
• The cubital fossa is bounded by the brachialis above; below it is
bounded by the brachioradialis (laterally) and pronator teres (medially).
Within the borders of the cubital fossa there are two grooves located
on each side from the brachialis — medial cubital groove and lateral
cubital groove.
25. The topography of the forearm
•
•
•
The ulnar groove of the forearm lies
between the flexor carpi ulnaris and
flexor digitorum superficialis.
It transmits the ulnar nerve, artery,
and vein.
The median groove of the forearm
resides in the lower part of the
forearm between the flexor carpi
radialis and flexor digitorum
superficialis.
It contains the median nerve.
The radial groove runs between
the flexor carpi radialis and
brachioradialis. It transmits the
radial artery, vein, and nerve.
26. Muscles of the Hand
The Thenar muscles of
theHand
The Hypothenar muscles
of the Hand
Muscles of the Hollow of
the Hand
1.The short abductor of
the thumb
2.The short flexor of the
thumb
3.The opponens muscle
of the thumb
4.The adductor muscle of
the thumb
1.The short palmar
muscle
2.The abductor of the
little finger
3.The short flexor of the
little finger
4.The opponens muscle
of the little finger
1.The lumbrical (worm-
like) muscles
2. The interossei muscles
The palmar interossei
muscles
- The dorsal interossei
muscles
-
-
27.
28.
29.
30. The topography of the hand
•
•
The carpal canal is located in the region of the carpus underneath the flexor
retinaculum. It gives passage to the tendons of the flexor digitorum
superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and the
median nerve.
On both sides from the carpal canal, the flexor retinaculum splits and forms
another two canals — the radial carpal canal and ulnar carpal.
The radial carpal canal gives passage to the tendon of the flexor carpi
radialis, while the ulnar carpal canal transmits the ulnar artery, vein, and
nerve.
The fibrous sheaths of the digits of the hand are formed by the dense fibrous
lamina, which fuse with the bones. As a result, osteofibrous canals are
formed, which contain tendons of the flexors covered by the synovial sheath.
Each fibrous sheath consists of the anular part and cruciform part, the less
dense cruciform part is situated in the joint region.
31. Six canals on the dorsal surface of the wrist joint are counted from the radial to
the ulnar border and transmit following tendons:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
the first canal transmits the
tendons of the m. abductor
pollicis longus and m.
extensor pollicis brevis;
the second canal transmits
the tendons of the m.m.
extensor carpi radialis
longus and brevis;
the third canal transmits the
tendon of the m. extensor
pollicis longus, and crosses
the preceding canal
obliquely;
the fourth canal transmits
the tendons of the m.
extensor digitorum and m.
extensor indicis;
the fifth canal transmits the
tendon of the m. extensor
digiti minimi;
the sixth canal transmits the
tendon of the m. extensor
carpi ulnaris.
32. FASCIAE OF THE UPPER LIMB
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. The deltoid fascia
2. The supraspinous fascia
3. The infraspinous fascia
4. The brachial fascia
5. The antebrachial fascia
6. The palmar aponeurosis
7. The deep palmar fascia
8. The dorsal fascia of the hand
9. flexor retinaculum
10.extensor retinaculum
33. THE SYNOVIAL BURSAE OF THE UPPER LIMB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
subdeltoid bursa resides between the deltoid and greater
tubercle of the humerus;
subacromial bursa lies under the acromion of the scapula;
subcutaneous acromial bursa lies superficially under the skin
in the region of the acromion of the scapula;
subtendinous bursa of subscapularis is located near the
attachment point of the subscapularis; the bursa
communicates with the cavity of the shoulder joint;
subtendinous bursa of latissimus dorsi resides under the
tendon near the point of attachment of the muscle on the
humerus; there is also another small bursa under the tendon
of the teres major. In the region of the elbow joint the
following bursae are found:
bicipitoradial bursa resides between the tendon of the biceps
brachii and the tuberosity of the radius;
subcutaneous olecranon bursa wide, lies under the skin of
the olecranon.
34.
35.
36. • Clinical applications. The inflammatory diseases of the synovial
bursae (bursitis) can be acute or chronic. In acute bursitis, pus can
accumulate in the bursa, which requires surgical intervention. Chronic
bursitis (gygroma) is often an occupational disease. In the shoulder
girdle area, inflammatory processes are most common in the
subcutaneous acromial bursa and in the subdeltoid bursa (among
porters). In the region of the elbow joint, the subcutaneous olecranon
bursa may become inflamed (among tanners and etchers).