estrogen and progestrone ppt

1. BIOCHEMISTRY PRESENTATION
DOCTOR OF PHARMACY
FIRST SEMESTER

2. Submitted By
●Maryam Noor
●Umtur Rahman
●Iman Amjad
●Iman Zubair
●Mahnoor Gulzar
Submitted To
●Dr. Asad Ali Arif

3. Topic
●Estrogen.
●Progesterone.
●Chemistry of fatty acids and lipids.

4. Estrogen
●Estrogen is a female sex hormone and
regulate 2nd sexual characteristics.
●Estrogens are predominantly ovarian
hormones,synthesized by the follicles and
corpus luteum of ovary.
●These hormones are responsible for
maintenance of menstrual cycle and
reproductive process in women.

5. Production Of Estrogen
●In normal non- pregnant women estrogen is
produced by ovaries, although minor amount of
estrogen also secreted by adrenal cortex.
●During pregnancy large quantity of estrogen also
secreted by placenta.

7. There are three main types of estrogen
1-Estrone (E1)
2-Estradiol (E2)
3- Estriol(E3)

8. Estrone (E1)
●Estrone is the only estrogen your body makes after
menopause.
●Estrone contains only one hydroxyl group.
●Estrone (E1) is produced by both ovary and placenta.
Estradiol (E2)
●Estradiol is the most common type in women of
childbearing/reproductive age.
●Estradiol contains two hydroxyl groups.
●Estradiol is produced by both ovary and placenta.
●Estrogenic effect of estradiol is 12 times that of estrone
(E1) and 80 times that of estriol (E3) . Therefore,
estradiol is considered as the major estrogen.

9. Estriol(E3)
●Estriol is the main estrogen during pregnancy.
●Estriol contains three hydroxyl groups.
●The estriol is synthesized by placenta.

10. Synthesis Of Estrogen
● Cholesterol is the starting material for the synthesis of sex- steroids
like estrogen and progesterone.
●All of these steroids all synthesized through a common precursor
called pregnenolone which is formed by enzymatic cleavage of six-
carbon side chains of 27 carbon cholesterol molecule.This reaction is
catalyzed by cytochrome P450.
●Theca cells by the action of LH, cholesterol is converted into
progesterone. Theca cells predominantly synthesized androgens.
●Granulosa cells mainly secreted progesterone and its metabolite.
●Androgen diffuse out of the theca cells , where they are converted
to estradiol by the action of aromatase enzyme.

11. Functions
1-Sex-related functions
●Maintenance of reproductive tract,vagina and fallopian
tube.
●Maintenance of menstrual cycle.
●Development of 2nd sexual characteristics in
female,feminine body characters.
●Stimulation of pre-voluntary endometrium.

12. Biochemical Functions
2- Lipogenic Effect
●Estrogens increase lipogenic effect in adipose tissue and
for this reason women have relatively more fat(about 5%)
than men.
3- Hypocholesterolemic Effect
●Estrogens lower the plasma LDL cholesterol level and
increase plasma HDL cholesterol level.
●This explains the low incidence of atherosclerosis and
coronary heart diseases in women during reproductive age.

13. 4- Metabolic Effect
●They will promote retention of sodium, nitrogen
and fluids in tissue.
5-Rhythmic Contractions Of Uterus
●Estrogens cause rhythmic contractions of uterus and
secrete alkaline watery fluid from cervix and favourable to
penetration of sperm.

14. Progesterone
●It is a female sex hormone.
●It is very helpful during pregnancy.

15. Chemistry Of Progesterone
●It is 21 carbon containing steroid hormone, derived from
cholesterol.
●It carries oxo substituents at position 3 and 20
●It is unsaturated at C(4) and C(5).
●Progesterone contain ketone and oxygenated functional
groups, as well as two methyl branches.
●Like all steroid hormones, it is hydrophobic. This is
mostly due to its lack of polar functional groups.
●Progesterone has the chemical formula (C21H30O2)

17. Production of Progesterone
●Mainly produce from ovaries in females
●In small amount also produce from adrenal
cortex.(Both males and females)

18. Actions of progesterone
1.Effect on uterus
●It promotes secretory changes in endometrium.
●It decreases the release of oxytocin
●It causes relaxation of uterus and promotes fetus to grow here.
●It decreases frequency of uterus contraction thus lengthening
the period of pregnancy.
2.Effect on Fallopian tube
●It provides nutrition to fertilized ovum.
●It causes secretory changes in Fallopian tube.

19. 3.Effect on cervix
●Cervix is the lower portion of uterus.
●It causes relaxation of cervix.
●Relaxin may act only in the presence of progesterone.
4.Effect on vagina
●Increases cellular proliferation.
●Increases mucous secretion.
5.Effect on body temperature
●After 24 hours of ovulation the body temperature
increases due to the secretion of progesterone
from the corpus luteum .