The document discusses various common disaster recovery tools used in Unix and Linux systems. It describes tools such as mksysb and NIM for AIX, make_tape_recovery and make_net_recovery for HP-UX, and Mondo Rescue and Clonezilla for Linux. It provides an overview of these tools' capabilities and limitations, how they can be used to back up systems to tape drives or over the network, and examples of commands to perform backups and restores.

1. Common Disaster
Recovery Tools In
Unix and Linux*
© 2008 Dusan Baljevic
The information contained herein is subject to change without notice

2. Business Continuity Plans and Backups
•
People make IT support a complex issue!
•
Disaster Recovery must be based on Business
Continuity Plans and meet the requirements as
set in the following question:
What is the cost of downtime per hour?
March 1, 2014
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3. Loss of Data - Most Feared Threat
Human error
35
Systems failure
31
% o f re s p o nd e nts
Supply chain disruption
29
Virus, worm or other malicious attack on IT systems
28
Employee malfeasance (e.g. theft or fraud)
25
Natural disasters, such as fires or floods
22
Unplanned downtime of online systems
22
Terrorism
16
Power outage
13
Pandemic
13
Application failure
Industrial Action
March 1, 2014
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8
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4. Bootable System Images in Unix and
Linux
Many tools available. For the sake of brevity,
the following will be discussed:
AIX
mksysb, Network Installation Manager (NIM)
HP
make_tape_recovery/make_net_recovery,
Dynamic Root Disk (DRD)*
Linux
Mondo Rescue, Clonezilla
Solaris ufsdump, fssnap+ufsdump, flash/JumpStart
Tru64 btcreate
March 1, 2014
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5. Tape Drives
Limitations inherent with tape media:
•
A tape drive must be available on each system to be archived.
•
Must remove old tapes and insert new ones for new backups.
•
If an archive exceeds the capacity of a tape, you must swap tapes for
both creation and extraction.
•
Must check log files and run dummy restores to ensure data
consistency.
•
Tape drives are more error-prone than a local network or CD-ROM
and DVD.
•
Cost of tapes in large environment is significant.
•
Cost of managing tape loading and storage is significant.
•
Generally slower that disk or LAN.
March 1, 2014
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6. AIX – mksysb(1)
Creates a backup of the operating system (root
volume group).
The file system image is in backup-file format. The
tape format includes a boot image, a bosinstall
image, and an empty table of contents followed by
the system backup (root volume group) image.
The root volume group image is in backup-file
format, starting with data files and then any
optional map files.
March 1, 2014
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7. AIX – mksysb(1)
Pros highlights:
• For managing a single or limited number of
servers.
• Can be used for system cloning.
• Use when servers are not networked.
• Allows backup to tape drive (CD-ROM and DVD
typically done through mkcd(1)).
March 1, 2014
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8. AIX – mksysb(1)
Cons highlights:
• Identical tape drive is needed for an off-site recovery.
• Cannot back up files that are mounted from a remote server.
• If /usr is remote-mounted, you cannot reinstall system from backup
image.
• Image does not include data on raw devices or in user-defined paging
spaces.
• It may not restore all device configurations for special features, such
as /dev/netbios and some device drives not shipped with the product.
• LC_ALL environment variable should be unset (if non-C value).
• Does not have built-in error checking to minimize problems when
backing up an active file system.
• Format specific to AIX (backup-file).*
March 1, 2014
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9. AIX – mksysb(1) Examples
# mksysb –i /dev/rmt0*
# mksysb –m /dev/rmt1**
# mksysb –i –e /dev/rmt1***
# mksysb /dev/rmt0 –V
# mkcd –U –d /dev/cd0 –P –V rootvg****
# mkdvd –d /dev/cd1
March 1, 2014
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10. AIX – mksysb(1) Recovery
•
Boot off the tape drive.
•
Select option 3 “Maintenance mode for system
recovery”.
•
Access your devices.
•
Restore files.
•
Boot.
March 1, 2014
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11. AIX – NIM(1)
•
Requires a NIM master and the number of client
instances.
•
NIM depends on certain protocols (NFS, bootp or
DHCP, and TFTP). Older versions of AIX also
required RSH and other RCMD commands, but in
AIX 5.3 and above you can use basic nimsh or
openssl.
•
NIM master must be at the highest level of AIX
that it is required to support.
•
Now supports Linux installations too.
March 1, 2014
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12. HP-UX – make_tape_recovery(1)
Pros highlights:
• For managing a single or limited number of servers.
• Can be used for system cloning.
• Use when servers are not networked.
• Suitable tape drive must exist.
• Allows backup to tape drive, CD-ROM, or DVD.
• Interactive and non-interactive.
• Supports tar (default), cpio or pax formats.
• Supports LVM and VxVM.
• Multi-tape CLUI only.
• Configurable.
• Versions 7.x and above have ability to block particular
paths and protocols during inventory (see instl_adm(4)).
March 1, 2014
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13. HP-UX – make_tape_recovery(1)
Cons highlights:
•
Identical tape drive is needed for an off-site recovery.
•
Cannot back up files that are mounted from a remote
server.
•
Does not have built-in error checking to minimize
problems when backing up an active file system.
•
LVM disk mirrors not restored.
•
LVM physical extents allocated to a logical volume may
be in a different location on a disk than before (consider
extending contiguous volumes).
•
Cannot use remote tape drive.*
March 1, 2014
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14. HP-UX – make_tape_recovery(1) checks
# check_tape_recovery
# copy_boot_tape –u /dev/rmt/0mn –b –d /tmp
# lifls –l /tmp/bootimage
# mt –f /dev/rmt/0mn rew
# mt –f /dev/rmt/0mn fsf 1
# tar tvf /dev/rmt/0mn*
March 1, 2014
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15. HP-UX – make_net_recovery(1)
Pros highlights:
•
For managing a large number of servers.
•
Can be used for system cloning.
•
Use when servers are networked.
•
No tape, CD-ROM, or DVD drives needed.
•
Interactive and non-interactive.
•
Supports tar (default), cpio or pax formats.
•
Highly configurable.
March 1, 2014
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16. HP-UX – make_net_recovery(1)
Cons highlights:
•
Requires large space if many clients are backed
up.
•
Ignite-UX bundles must be at same version on
server and clients.
•
NFS used to save data to Ignite server (firewall
issues, especially older versions of NFS)*.
•
Requires Ignite server for recoveries.
March 1, 2014
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17. HP-UX – make_net_recovery Protocols
and Ports
67
bootpd UDP2 Bootstrap Protocol Server This service should function only if the server is a BOOTP/DHCP server
68
bootpd UDP Bootstrap Protocol Client This service should function only if the server is a BOOTP server
69
tftpd
UDP Trivial File Transfer Protocol Found on systems that have Ignite-UX installed. This service should
function only if the host is being used as a TFTP server
111
portmap/sunrpc/ rpcbind
Procedure Call (RPC)
March 1, 2014
TCP/UDP
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SUN Remote
17

18. HP-UX – make_net_recovery Protocols
and Ports (continued)
135 rpcd/dced
TCP Distributed Computing
Environment (DCE)-based RPC
514
shell TCP
Remote Command, No Password Used
1067 instl_boots
Server
UDP Installation Bootstrap Protocol
1068 instl_bootc
Client
UDP Installation Bootstrap Protocol
2049 nfsd
March 1, 2014
TCP/UDP
NFS Remote File System
Webinar
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19. HP-UX – make_net_recovery Protocols
and Ports (continued)
2121 swagentd
TCP/UDP
HP Software Distributor
Daemon - Used for communication between systems for
software installation, listing, or other sw commands
4000 - 4009 secure swagent ports
TCP/UDP
The swagent firewall configurable ports
49152 - 65535
Dynamic or Private Ports TCP/UDP
Dynamic and Private Ports are used by many applications
for
dynamic port assignments. UDP ports in this range are
often
RPC ports
March 1, 2014
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20. HP-UX – Ignite(1) Examples
# make_tape_recovery -v -a /dev/rtape/tape3 -x
inc_entire=vg00 -d “mysrv Ignite“
# make_net_recovery -s remsrv -n 3 -P s -x
inc_entire=vg00
-x exclude=/tmp -x exclude=/var/tmp –d “mysrv Ignite"
March 1, 2014
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21. HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk
•
DRD (current release A.3.1.0 - February 2008) runs on
both Integrity and PA platforms running the following
operating systems:
HP-UX 11i v2 (11.23) September 2004 or more recent
HP-UX 11i v3 (11.31)
•
Root group being cloned can be managed by any release
of LVM on an O/S release supported by DRD. In addition,
the root group can be managed by VxVM 4.1 (HP-UX 11i
v2 or 11i v3) or VxVM 5.0 (HP-UX 11i v2 only).
March 1, 2014
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22. HP-UX DRD Benefit: Minimizing
Planned Downtime
Without DRD: Software management may require extended downtime
With DRD: Install/remove software on the clone while applications continue running
Install patches
on the clone;
applications
remain running
lvol1
lvol2
lvol3
lvol1
lvol2
lvol3
boot disk boot mirror
vg00 (active)
Activate the
clone to make
changes take
effect
lvol1
lvol2
lvol3
lvol1
lvol2
lvol3
boot disk boot mirror
vg00 (inactive)
March 1, 2014
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lvol1
lvol2
lvol3
lvol1
lvol2
lvol3
clone disk clone mirror
cloned vg00 (inactive/patched)
lvol1
lvol2
lvol3
lvol1
lvol2
lvol3
clone disk clone mirror
cloned vg00 (active/patched)
22

23. HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk
Pros highlights:
•
Fully supported by HP.
•
Full clone.
•
Complements other parts of total HP solution by reducing system
downtime required to install and update patches and other software.
•
Copy operation is currently done by fbackup and frecover.
•
Kctune(1) command can be used to modify kernel parameters in the
clone.
•
The ioconfig file and the entire /dev directory are copied by the DRD
clone operation, so instance numbers will not change when the clone
is booted.*
•
Supports nPars, vPars, and Integrity VMs.
March 1, 2014
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24. HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk
Pros highlights:
•
No tape drive is needed.
•
No impact on network performance.
•
No security issues of transferring data across the network.
•
All DRD processes, including drd clone and drd runcmd,
can be safely interrupted issuing Control-C (SIGINT) from
the controlling terminal or by issuing kill -HUP<pid>
(SIGHUP). This action causes DRD to abort processing
and perform any necessary clean up. Do not interrupt
DRD using the kill -9 <pid> command (SIGKILL), which
fails to abort safely and does not perform cleanup.
March 1, 2014
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25. HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk
Cons highlights:
•
VxVM 5.0 not supported in HP-UX 11.31 yet.
•
Target disk must be a single disk.
•
Not easy to list all differences between active VG and the
clone.**
•
Cloning should be done when the server’s activity is
quiescent.
•
Cloned disk can be used to boot another system - it is
possible to do this, however, factors such as machine
personality (e.g., hostname, IP address and so on) make
this very difficult. HP does not recommend using the
cloned disk to boot another system.
March 1, 2014
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26. HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk
Cons:
•
Only the contents of vg00 are copied. A system that has /opt (or any
file system that is patched) not in vg00 is not suitable for use with
DRD.
•
Does not provide a mechanism for resizing file systems during a drd
clone operation. However, after the clone is created, you can
manually change file system sizes on the inactive system without
needing an immediate reboot. The whitepaper, Using the Dynamic
Root Disk Toolset describes resizing file systems other than /stand.
The whitepaper Using the DRD toolset to extend the /stand file
system in an LVM environment describes resizing the boot (/stand)
file system on an inactive system image.
•
Current release of DRD does not copy the Itanium service partition
(s3).
March 1, 2014
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27. HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk Examples
HP-UX 11.21:
# drd clone -t /dev/dsk/c2t1d0 -x overwrite=true [-x
mirror_disk=/dev/dsk/c3t0d1]
HP-UX 11.31, use agile views:
# drd clone -t /dev/disk/disk32 -x overwrite=true [-x
mirror_disk=/dev/disk/disk41]
Note that all partitions on Itanium disk are created
and s1 and s2 are copied.
March 1, 2014
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28. HP-UX – Dynamic Root Disk Examples
# drd runcmd kctune maxuprc=350
# drd runcmd swlist
# drd runcmd swinstall –s mysrv:/mydepot
PHSS_01111
# drd runcmd swremove PHSS_01111
# drd runcmd view /var/adm/sw/swagent.log
March 1, 2014
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29. Linux – Mondo Rescue
Mondo Rescue is a GPL disaster recovery
solution.
It supports Linux (i386, x86_64, ia64) and
FreeBSD
(i386).
Packaged for multiple distributions (RedHat,
RHEL,
SuSE, SLES, Mandiva, Debian, Gentoo).
March 1, 2014
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30. Linux – Mondo Rescue
Pros highlights:
•
GNU General Public License (GPL).
•
Supports LVM 1 and 2, RAID, ext2, ext3, JFS, XFS,
ReiserFS, VFAT and UFS.
•
Supports tapes, disks, network and CD/DVD as backup
media, multiple file systems, USB key/disks, LVM,
software and hardware RAID (no more floppy support).
•
Can use used in interactive and non-interactive mode.
•
Can backup data to NFS.
•
Can move/resize/re-allocate partitions.
•
Supports GRUB and LILO boot managers.
March 1, 2014
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31. Linux – Mondo Rescue
Cons highlights:
• Certain packages can create problems.
• Watch our for number of free inodes (backups can fail).
• Long backups due to huge sparse /var/log/lastlog file.
• Cannot handle system and hidden attributes when archiving DOS/Windows files.
• Number of bugs: http://trac.mondorescue.org/
• Does not support Red Hat GFS yet.
• Does not support multipathing devices (/dev/mapper/mapthXpY).
• Should have option to select NIC when archiving across network (currently it takes the
first interface available).
• Pre- and Post-install script support for restores.
• Does not support bootable USB that backs up to DVDs.
• Does not support sshfs (CloneZilla has it) and webdav.
• Can hang if no floppy present.
• Issues when mounting /proc in a chroot environment (for example, mount –bind /proc
/var/named/chroot/proc).
• Does not work with SELinux.
March 1, 2014
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32. Linux – Mondo Rescue Examples
# mondoarchive -OVr -d /dev/dvd -9 -I
“/etc /home” –gF
# mondoarchive -OVr -d /scd0 mydir/ -0i -qF
–s 4480m
# mondoarchive -0t –d /dev/st0
March 1, 2014
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33. Linux – Mondo Rescue Network
Recovery
•
Uses network by default.
•
Boot from the Mindi mondorescue.iso and hit ENTER a
few times to restore. Mindi (Mindi-Linux) makes a minidistribution from your kernel, modules, modules, tools and
libraries. It can also generate an El Torito 2.88/5.76MB
boot disk image. Mondo uses Mindi to create a minidistro, then boots from it and runs on it.
•
The ISO images can also be used for a PXE restore. For
this to work, refer to the file README.pxe provided with
Mindi package.
March 1, 2014
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34. Linux – Clonezilla
Clonezilla is a GPL disaster recovery solution.
It supports Linux and Microsoft Windows.
Clonezilla Live: Allows you to use CD/DVD or USB flash drive to boot
and run clonezilla (unicast only).
Clonezilla server edition: A DRBL* server must first be set up in order to
use Clonezilla (Both unicast and multicast are supported).
Based on Partimage, ntfsclone and dd to clone partition. However,
clonezilla, containing some other programs, can save and restore not
only partitions, but also a whole disk.
March 1, 2014
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35. Linux – Clonezilla
Pros highlights:
•
•
•
File system supported: ext2 2, ext 3, ReiserFS, XFS, JFS,
FAT, and NTFS. For these file systems, only used blocks
in partition are saved and restored. For unsupported file
system, sector-to-sector copy is done by dd in Clonezilla.
LVM 2 is supported.
Multicast is supported in Clonezilla server edition, which is
suitable for massive cloning. You can also remotely use it
to save or restore machines if PXE and Wake-on-LAN are
supported in your clients.
March 1, 2014
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36. Linux – Clonezilla
Cons highlights:
•
LVM 2 is supported but LVM 1 is not.
•
Multicast is supported in Clonezilla server edition,
which is suitable for massive cloning. You can
also remotely use it to save or restore machines if
PXE and Wake-on-LAN are supported in your
clients.
•
Due to the limitations of program mkisofs , ocsiso can not process an image file larger than 4.5
GB. For this reason, if your image is larger than
4.5 GB, ocs-iso will refuse to process it.
March 1, 2014
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37. Linux – Clonezilla Examples
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-live
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-iso myimage*
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-iso -g en -t -k NONE -e "-g auto -b -c restoredisk
myimg2 hda" myimg2**
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-iso image3 image4
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-iso -g en -k NONE -s -m ./cust-ocs***
# /opt/drbl/sbin/ocs-live-dev -g en -k NONE -s -c -m ./cust-ocs***
March 1, 2014
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37

38. Solaris – ufsdump(1)
Pros highlights:
•
Easier to restore individual files.
•
Allows you to choose directories to back up.
•
Allows you to back up entire system.
•
Allows backup to tape drive (both local and
remote!), CD-ROM, file, or diskette.
•
Supports UFS and VxFS.
•
Portable to other versions of dump/restore.
•
Interactive and non-interactive.
March 1, 2014
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39. Solaris – ufsdump(1)
Cons highlights:
• Backs up single file system only – you must enter multiple
ufsdump commands to back up data.
• Possible errors when backing up open files.*
• Cannot automatically calculate number of tapes need.**
• Cannot back up files that are mounted from remote
server.
• Does not have built-in error checking to minimize
problems when backing up an active file system.***
• Not efficient in tuning transfer rates to tape drive.
• Ufsrestore requires some prior knowledge of disk
partitioning.
• Does not support ZFS.
March 1, 2014
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40. Solaris – ufsdump(1) Comparison with
HP-UX Ignite
•
make_tape_recovery creates a bootable tape.
There is no need to boot of the installation CDROM or DVD.
•
make_tape_recovery does not require to partition
the boot disk manually in recovery process.
•
make_tape_recovery is fully automated.
•
Solaris ufsdump resembles fbackup in HP-UX.
March 1, 2014
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40

41. Solaris – ufsdump(1) Examples
# ufsdump 0f - /dev/rdsk/c0t2d4s5 |
( cd /home && ufsrestore xpf -)
# ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/1cn /dev/rdsk/c3t1d2s1
# ufsdump 0f /home/etc.dmp /etc
# ufsdump 0f – /dev/md/rdsk/d33 |
ssh remsrv “dd obs=32k ibs=32k of=/dev/rmt/0n”
# ufsdump 0ucf remsrv:/dev/rmt/0 /usr
March 1, 2014
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41

42. Solaris – ufsrestore(1) Example
1.Boot from the media at OBP prompt:
ok boot -s cdrom
2. Format the new boot disk.
3. Newfs each of the partitions on the boot disk
that are to be restored:
# newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
# newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s3
# newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s4
# newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s5
(/)
(/usr)
(/var)
(/tmp)
4. Each slice should be fsck to make sure newfs
worked.
March 1, 2014
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42

43. Solaris – ufsrestore(1) Example
(continued)
5. Mount all slice to be restored (do not mount or restore
swap):
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /a
# cd /a
# ufsrestore rvf /dev/rmt/0n
# rm restoresymtable
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s3 /a/usr
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4 /a/var
# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s5 /a/tmp …
# cd /a/usr
# ufsrestore rvf /dev/rmt/0n …
March 1, 2014
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43

44. Solaris – ufsrestore(1) Example
(continued)
6. Unmount the file systems:
# cd /
# umount /a/usr
# umount /a/var …
7. For Solaris 2.5 and greater, run the installboot(1)
program to re-install the boot block:
# cd /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs
# installboot bootblk /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
8. Check the file systems:
# fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
# fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s3 ...
9. Reboot the server.
March 1, 2014
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44

45. Solaris – flash(1)
Pros highlights:
•
Creates archives in cpio (default) or pax formats.
Use “-L pax” for flarcreate(1) if individual files are
larger than 4 GB.
•
Can create differential archives (flag “-A
unchanged_master_image_dir”).
•
Customisable.
•
Flash archives can be copied to NFS, HTTP or
HTTPS server, FTP server, tape, CD-ROM, DVD,
diskette, and local drive of clone system.
•
Non-interactive.
March 1, 2014
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45

46. Solaris – flash(1)
Cons highlights:
•
Flash creation software removes all RAID-1 volume
information from the archive to keep the integrity of the
clone system.
•
VxVM stores configuration information in areas not
available to Solaris Flash. If VxVM file systems have been
configured, do not create Flash archives.
•
Active sockets (like /var/tmp/orbit-* directories) can cause
flash failures).
•
The master system and the clone systems must have the
same kernel architectures.
•
Soft partitions not handled properly.
March 1, 2014
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46

47. Solaris – flash(1)
March 1, 2014
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47

48. Solaris – JumpStart Protocols and Ports
TCP and UDP 37 (time)
UDP 67 (bootp/DHCP)
UDP 69 (TFTP)
TCP and UDP 2049 (NFSv4)
TCP and UDP 4045 (lockd, may not be needed)
UDP 111 (Sun RPC)
March 1, 2014
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48

49. Solaris – flash(1) Examples
# flarcreate -n mysrv.flar -c -S -R / -t /dev/rmt/2*
# flar info -t /dev/rmt/2
files_archived_method=cpio
creation_date=200802171923517 creation_master=mysrv
content_name=mysrv.flar creation_node=mysrv
creation_hardware_class=sun4u
creation_platform=SUNW,Sun-Fire-T200
creation_processor=sparc creation_release=5.10
creation_os_name=SunOS
creation_os_version=Generic_118833-36
files_compressed_method=none
content_architectures=sun4u
# flarcreate -n “mysrv" -S /mysrv.flar
March 1, 2014
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49

50. Solaris – flash(1) Restore Example
•
If you want to install the system using a flash archive,
select Initial option. Follow the prompts and answer
questions.
•
Options offered:
F2_Upgrade F3_Go Back F4_Initial F5_Exit F6_Help
Select F4_Initial.
•
Select Solaris Interactive Installation (Menu 2). Follow the
prompts and answer questions.
March 1, 2014
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50

51. Solaris – flash(1) Restore Example
(continue)
•
Options offered:
F2_Standard F3_Go Back F4_Flash F5_Exit F6_Help
Select F4_Flash and follow the prompts:
Flash Archive Installation Method
Available Retrieval Methods
[ ] HTTP -> default
[ ] NFS
[ ] Local File
[X] Local Tape -> selected
[ ] Local Device
March 1, 2014
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51

52. Solaris – flash(1) Restore Example
(continue)
F2_Continue F5_Cancel F6_Help
Preserve Data?
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Preserve F5_Exit F6_Help
File System and Disk Layout
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Customize F5_Exit F6_Help
Mount Remote File Systems?
F2_Continue F3_Go Back F4_Remote Mounts F5_Exit F6_Help
March 1, 2014
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52

53. Solaris – flash(1) Extract Files
# flar split mysrv.flar
# ls
archive identification predeployment summary
cookie postdeployment reboot
# cpio –it <archive | grep myfile
export/home/somefile
# cpio –ivdm export/home/somefile <archive
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54. Solaris – Bootable JumpStart Installation
CD-ROM
http://www.sun.com/blueprints/0301/BuildBoot.pdf
http://mah.everybody.org/docs/bootable-cdrom-for-solaris/
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55. Solaris – fssnap(1)
Create a snapshot of a file system:
The block special device created for the snapshot
is
/dev/fssnap/0
# fssnap -F ufs -o backing-store=/var/tmp/snap /home
/dev/fssnap/0
NOTE: Do not use tmpfs (/tmp) for backing store!
March 1, 2014
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56. Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Backing up a file system snapshot without
unmounting the file system:
Since ufsdump requires the path to a raw device,
the raw option is used. The /home file system
snapshot is then removed
# ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 `fssnap -F ufs -o
raw,bs=/dev/rdsk/c2t1d0s6 /home
# fssnap -F ufs -d /home
March 1, 2014
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57. Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Backing up a file system:
When backing up a file system, do not let the
backing-store file exceed 400 Mbytes. The second
command removes the /home file system snapshot
# ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 `fssnap -F ufs -o
maxsize=400m,backing-store=/var/tmp/snap,raw /home`
# fssnap -F ufs -d /home
March 1, 2014
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58. Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Incremental dump of a file system:
# ufsdump IfNu /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s2
`fssnap -F ufs -o raw,bs=/var/tmp/scratch,unlink
/dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s2`
March 1, 2014
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59. Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Listing available snapshots:
# fs s na p -i
0 /va r
1 /ho m e
2 /us r/lo c a l
March 1, 2014
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60. Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Display snapshot details:
# fs s na p -i -o ba c king -s to re -le n, ba c king -s to re , c re a te tim e
/ho m e
1 9 6 6 0 8 /va r/tm p /s na p 2 Thu Fe b 1 3 1 6 : 3 5 : 2 8 2 0 0 8
March 1, 2014
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61. Solaris – fssnap(1) (continued)
Mount file system snap:
Create a file system snapshot. Then, mount it on
/tmp/myfs for temporary read-only access
# fssnap -F ufs -o backing-store=/var/tmp/scratch /home
/dev/fssnap/1
# mkdir /somefilesystem/myfs
# mount -F ufs -o ro /dev/fssnap/1 /somefilesystem/myfs
March 1, 2014
Webinar
61

62. Solaris Containers – Flash Archives
•
All zones must be stopped when the flash archive
is made from the global zone.
•
If the source and target systems use different
hardware configurations, device assignments
must be changed after the flash archive is
installed.
•
Soft partitions in SVM cannot be flash archived
yet.
March 1, 2014
Webinar
62

63. Tru64 – btcreate(1)
Pros highlights:
•
Can create bootable Standalone System (SA)
kernel on tape for UFS and ADVFS.
•
Interactive and non-interactive backups.
Cons highlights:
•
Specific to Tru64.
•
Identical tape drive is needed for an off-site
recovery.
March 1, 2014
Webinar
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64. Tru64 – btcreate(1)
The tape consists of a tape boot block, a specialized
kernel, a stripped-down operating system, and a backup
of your system partitions. Once it is created, complete
restores are as simple as booting the prepared tape from
the console:
>>> init
>>> show dev
>>> boot -fl "nc" MKA400
• Because the facility utilizes dump or vdump, the normal
caveats apply. Ideally, you should create the tape while
the system is in single-user mode:
•
# /usr/sys/bin/btcreate -f -k MYKERNEL -m mfs -t nrmt1h
-s /nfsdrive/btcreate.mykernel
March 1, 2014
Webinar
64

65. Tru64 – Bootable CD for NHD7 Tru64
5.1B on Alpha DS 15 server*
•
•
•
Copy the files from the CD in a directory ("BUILD“)
Add the "ds15kernel" file
Then run the following Tru64 command's:
# cd BUILD
# mkisofs -D -R -d -o -b -quiet -p "your name"
-P "your org." -V "V5.1Br2650_O1" -o ../TRU64DS15.iso .
# disklabel -w -t cdfs -f ../TRU64DS15.iso
# echo "0c" || dd bs=1024k conv=sync >> ../TRU64DS15.iso
Copy the ISO to a PC with a CD burner and burn the image to CD-R
• Put the cd into your DS15, and boot it using:
P>>> b -file ds15kernel dqa0
•
March 1, 2014
Webinar
65

66. Bare Metal Recovery – Selected
Commercial Products
•
HP Data Protector Express offers extended platform
support with six different Bare Metal Disaster Recovery
methods (integrated into the product). Supports Linux,
Windows, and NetWare.*
•
Symantec (Veritas) Bare Metal Restore. Part of Enterprise
NBU 6.5. Includes support for AIX, HP-UX, Solaris, Linux,
and Windows (why would anyone use the latter?).
•
IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for System Backup and
Recovery (for AIX 5.x only). Supports full system
(installation image), volume group, file system (JFS,
JFS2, NFS, CDFS), file or directory, and raw logical
volume.
March 1, 2014
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67. Bare Metal Recovery –Commercial
Products
•
EMC Home Base.
March 1, 2014
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68. Bare Metal Recovery –Commercial
Products
•
UniTrends Data Protection Unit (appliance).
March 1, 2014
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69. Where to Find More Information
•
AIX mksysb:
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/clresctr/vxrx/topic/c
om.ibm.cluster.csm16010.install.doc/am7il_mksysb.html
•
AIX script to automate mksysb via NIM:
http://www.unix.com/shell-programming-scripting/47006script-automate-mksysb-via-nim-aix-5-3-a.html
•
AIX FAQ:
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/aix-faq/
•
Symantec (Veritas) Bare Metal Restore:
http://www.symantec.com/products/
March 1, 2014
Webinar
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70. Where to Find More Information
•
HP-IX Ignite:
http://docs.hp.com/en/IUX/
•
Tru64 btcreate:
http://h30097.www3.hp.com/docs/base_doc/DOCUMENTA
TION/V51B_HTML/MAN/MAN8/0043____.HTM
•
Tru64 bare metal recovery:
http://www.backupcentral.com/components/com_mambowi
ki/index.php/Tru64_Bare_Metal_Recovery
•
Backup Central:
http://www.backupcentral.com/
March 1, 2014
Webinar
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71. Where to Find More Information
•
EMC HomeBase:
http://www.emc.com/solutions/samples/backup-recoveryarchiving/bare-metal-recovery.htm
•
HP Data Protector Express:
http://www.hp.com/go/dataprotectorexpress
•
Mondo Rescue:
http://www.mondorescue/org/
•
Mondo Rescue hardware migration:
http://www.mondorescue.com/docs/hwmigration-2.3.pdf
•
Solaris Flash:
http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/content/submitted/flash_archive.jsp
March 1, 2014
Webinar
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72. Where to Find More Information
•
Diskless Remote Boot in Linux:
http://drbl.sourceforge.net/
•
Clonezilla:
http://clonezilla.sourceforge.net/
•
HP-UX Dynamic Root Disk:
http://docs.hp.com/en/DRD/faq.html
March 1, 2014
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72