Universal design is an educational concept that aims to maximize learning for all students by designing classrooms and curricula to be accessible and beneficial to people with diverse needs and abilities. It focuses on applying inclusive design principles to products and environments rather than aiming instruction only at "average" or "common" students. The seven principles of universal design guidance for creating universally accessible products and environments by ensuring they are representation, action/expression, and engagement. Universal design is becoming more widely adopted in schools to help all students learn through varied teaching methods instead of just textbooks, though it requires additional effort from teachers. Guidelines expand on the principles to provide options for diverse student perception, language skills, comprehension, physical expression, and engagement with learning.

2. THE PROCESS OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN
Universal design is a concept that tries to change the aim of the
classroom. Instead of the teacher aiming at the “common student”
it has been proven that there is no such thing. So universal design
takes its principles and applies them to all of them to the product
or environment in order to maximize learning for the individual
student. The UD process is not only used in the classroom but is
also used on other environments and products to benefit other
people who may have different needs than the “average” person.

3. UNIVERSAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
The universal design principles basically provide guidance for the use of
UD in the design of products and environments. There are technically
seven principles to the UD principles though many people like to
generalize some of them together in order to create 3 broad principles
that you would 100% need to create a UD product or environment.
Those being representation, action/expression, and engagement. These
principles basically that the design of a UD product or environment
needs to be accessible to all making sure that it is both simple and easy
to use for anyone no matter what disability they may have. Also making
sure that it takes little physical effort but still leaving a bit of room for
error in use of the product or environment.

4. UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN SCHOOLS
Universal design is becoming a concept that is being used in schools a lot
more than before. Though the one downfall it does have is the amount
of time that teachers need to put into implementing UD into their
classroom. This is when it is helpful for the administrators to get
involved and encourage teachers to use this system in their classroom
as well as recognizing the extra work they are doing when implementing
this into their classroom. When a teacher is implementing this their
main goal is really to have everyone in their class on the same level as
each other using tactics such as experiments and hands on learning as
opposed to reading straight out of a text book. There are also many
teachers that think that all the new technology that is coming into
schools can really help with UD learning, giving students the new
opportunity to work hands on the current subject they are working on
as well as getting to learn how to use the technology they have.

5. GUIDELINES OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN
The guidelines that are put on universal design are basically there to give options to
teachers to help them make sure that all of their students are achieving to their
optimal ability. The guidelines are projected towards making sure that both the
highest and lowest performing student are doing the best that they can as far as
learning the current subject. To my understanding the guidelines are just an
expansion on the principles of universal design. Giving the teachers a different
ways to expand on representation, expression, and engagement. These guidelines
provide options for perception, language/symbols, and comprehension for the
representation principle. They also offer options for physical action, expressive
skills, and executive functions for the expression principle. Then for the
engagement principle it offers options for recruiting interest, selfregulation, sustaining effort, and persistence. These are all very important when
implementing UDL into a classroom and I think these are guidelines every teacher
needs to follow for it.

6. IMPLEMENTED UNIVERSAL DESIGN
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