The document discusses research methodology and research design. It defines research design as the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. It also defines research design as the plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answer to research questions and to control variance. The document outlines the key components of a research design, including the sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. It emphasizes that a good research design specifies the sources and types of relevant information, strategies for gathering and analyzing data, and considers time and cost constraints.

1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Dr.G Praveen Kumar - Research Methodology 1
Dr. G.Praveen Kumar
Faculty – Department of Mechanical
Engineering
G Pullaiah College of Engineering &
Technology, Kurnool

2. UNIT-3
TABLE OF CONTENT
Dr.G Praveen Kumar - Research Methodology 2
1. Meaning of Research Design,
2. Need of Research Design,
3. Feature of a Good Design Important
4. Concepts Related to Research Design,
5. Different Research Designs,
6. Basic Principles of Experimental Design, developing a Research
Plan,
7. Design of Experimental Set-up, Use of Standards and Codes.

3. MEANING OF RESEARCH DESIGN
The formidable problem that follows the task of defining
the research problem is the preparation of the design of the
research project, popularly known as the “research design”.
Decisions regarding what, where, when, how much, by
what means concerning an inquiry or a research study constitute
a research design.
“A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection
and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance
to the research purpose with economy in procedure.”
“It is the plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived
so as to obtain answer to research questions and to control
variance”
“It is a blue-print for the collection, measurement and analysis of
data”

4. Dr.G Praveen Kumar - Research Methodology 4
As such the design includes an outline of what the researcher
will do from writing the hypothesis and its operational
implications to the final analysis of data.
More explicitly, the design decisions happen to be in respect of:
✓What is the study about?
✓Why is the study being made?
✓Where will the study be carried out?
✓What type of data is required?
✓Where can the required data be found?
✓What periods of time will the study include?
✓What will be the sample design?
✓What techniques of data collection will be used?
✓How will the data be analysed?
✓In what style will the report be prepared?

5. Dr.G Praveen Kumar - Research Methodology 5
Keeping in view the above stated design decisions,
one may split the overall research design into the following
parts:
✓The sampling design which deals with the method of selecting
items to be observed for the given study;
✓The observational design which relates to the conditions under
which the observations are to be made;
✓The statistical design which concerns with the question of how
many items are to be observed and how the information and data
gathered are to be analysed;
✓The operational design which deals with the techniques by which
the procedures specified in the sampling, statistical and observational
designs can be carried out.

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From what has been stated above, we can state
the important features of a research design as under:
✓It is a plan that specifies the sources and types
of information relevant to the research problem.
✓It is a strategy specifying which approach will
be used for gathering and analysing the data.
✓It also includes the time and cost budgets
since most studies are done under these two
constraints.

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In brief, research design must, at least, contain
✓A clear statement of the research problem;
✓Procedures and techniques to be used for gathering
information;
✓ The population to be studied;
✓ Methods to be used in processing and analysing data.

8. Dr.G Praveen Kumar - Research Methodology 8
NEED FOR RESEARCH DESIGN
✓Research design is needed because it gives the smooth
going of
research
the various research operations, so making
as efficient as possible we can get maximal
information with minimal expenditure of effort, time and
money.
✓Just as for better, economical and attractive construction
of a house, we need a blueprint (or what is commonly called
the map of the house) well thought out and prepared by an
expert architect, similarly we need a research design or a
plan in advance of data collection and analysis for our
research project.

9. Dr.G Praveen Kumar - Research Methodology 9
✓Research design stands for advance planning of the
methods to be used for collecting the relevant data
and the techniques to be used in their analysis,
keeping in view the objective of the research and the
availability of staff, time and money.

10. Dr.G Praveen Kumar - Research Methodology 10
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
 It provides the scheme for
answering research question.
 It maintains control to avoid bias
that may affect the outcomes.
 It organize the study in a certain
way defending the advantages of
doing while being aware and
caution about potential
disadvantages .

11. Dr.G Praveen Kumar - Research Methodology 11

12. INTRODUCTION
The research design is the
conceptual structure within
which research is conducted ; it
constitutes the blue print for the
collection , measurement and
analysis of data.

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• The research design provides
the back bone structure of the
study, it supports the study and
hold it's together.
• The research design refers to
the researcher overall plan for
answering the research
question or testing the
research hypotheses.

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Hence Research Design is:
• a framework for the
research plan of action.
• a master plan that
specifies the methods and
procedures for collecting
and analyzing the needed
information
• a strategy for how the data

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DEFINITIONS
The Planned sequence
of the entire process
involved in conducting a
research study .
- Miller