The document summarizes key events and political developments during the American Civil War from 1861-1865 and the Reconstruction era from 1865-1877. It discusses the military strategies and major battles of the Civil War, the emancipation of slaves, Lincoln and Johnson's reconstruction plans, the establishment of new civil rights, the rise of black codes and the Ku Klux Klan's intimidation of blacks, and the eventual compromise that ended Reconstruction in 1877.