1. The document discusses natural resources with a focus on forests and water. It describes the water cycle and different types of forests found in India. 2. Issues related to deforestation such as increasing population and methods of forest conservation are covered. 3. Classification of natural resources based on origin, availability, distribution and other factors is explained. Forests and water are among India's most important natural resources.

1. Managed By Jivan Jyot Trust, Amroli
J. Z. Shah Arts & H. P. Desai Commerce
College
Class : F.Y.B.Com.(EM)
Subject :Environmental Studies-1
Chapter :Natural Resources

2. Introduction
• the environment is everything which surround and organisms and influence its life
in many ways. it include physical and biological components. physical component
of the environment are soil water air light and temperature.
• these are term as abiotic components. the plant and animals are collectively
referred to as a biotic components. the basic needs of life are fulfilled by a
material present in the nature.
• they are air water soil minerals call petroleum animals and plants. early main use
only those resources that supported their own life.
• there in Habitat caves drink rainwater consume roots roots stems leaves and
flowers obtained from wild and plants of forest made his tools from stones bones
etc.

3. • Growing population agriculture industrialisation and
urbanisation have great pressure on mankind to
overuse the natural resources.
• natural resources as material and components that can
be found within the environment.
• every man made product is composed of nature
resources and its the fundamental level. a natural
resources make a is its as a separate entity such as
fresh water as well as living organisms.
• Natural resources such as a sunlight and data freely
available everywhere known as a ubiquitous resources.
however most resources are not ubiquitous.

4. • they only Oka in small Sporadic areas these issues are
referred as a localised resources.Thus which living organisms
take from nature for sustaining the life for any components of
the natural environment that can be utilised by main to promote
his welfare.
• after independence the Government of India has started the
effort for exploiting the natural resources. for the purpose of the
search for the survey evaluation and utilisation of natural
resources some National Laboratories have been entrusted the
responsibility to perform this task.

5. • 1. the geological survey of India
• 2. the Indian Bureau of mines
• 3. the atomic energy commission( AEC)
• 4. oil and natural gas Commission(ONGC)

6. 3. protection of
environment
2.
Authentic and
economical
energy supply
1. facility for
transportation
divide a woman
demand or
aspiration are
going to
increasing and
increasing.

7. • all this desire or want can be fulfilled with the help of natural
resources we can endless the natural resources as stated
below:
• 1. Forest 2. Water 3. Minerals 4. Food 5. Cultivars 6. Energy 7.
e land 8. Climate 9. solar energy
• environmental science in in its broadest sense is the signs of
complex interaction that occur among the Terrestrial
atmospheric aquatic living and an anthropological
environments. it include all the disciplines such as a chemistry
Ecology Sociology and government affect or describe this
interaction.

8. development of natural resources important
and their classification
• economic progress and development of any country depend on
the three main factor they are
• 1. natural resources 2. main power and 3. capital investment
• out of these three e factor the most important one is the factor
of the natural resources. in India the natural resources are
available in abundance but unfortunately during the last 58
years even after Independence this natural resources have not
been exploited to the paste extend which are required to be
used.

9. for utilisation of this natural resources we have
to keep in mind the following points.
• 1. natural resources are to be used in a such a way that there
would be a least wastage and maximum economic advantage.
• 2. the industrial units should be instituted at the place is from
where natural resource is your home material could be made
available at a minimum transportation cost.
•

10. • 3. while using a natural resources you have to keep in view that the long-
term economic advantage would be achieved and further complete
continuity of the level of development should also he mention. for example
forgetting Timber used for a building purpose for fire fire wood for heating
purpose we usually utilise the forest tree.
• Whether it is advisable to grow trees at some other place to keep the
quantity and quality of the forest resource as Desire since trees breath
carbon dioxide and give back oxygen they are helpful in avoiding pollution
of air also.
• 4. while using the natural resources for the economic development of the
country the uses would be a plan in such a way that is the achieve multi
purpose advantage. For example While constructing dams or irrigation
project on rivers the natural water should be a used for various purpose on
constructing the Dams on river we get protection against the flood we can
turn irrigation project we can think of development fees industry we can
think of generating electricity etc.

11. classification of natural resources
• 1. classification based on origin
• 2. classification based on availability
• 3. classification based on distribution
• 4. classification based on sources
• 5. classification based on chemical composition
• 6. classification based on origin composition

12. • 1. classification based on origin
• 1. Biotic
• 2. abiotic
• 2. classification based on availability
• Inexhaustible
• exhaustible
• 3. classification based on distribution
• Omni presents
• location base

13. • 4. classification based on sources
• water resources
• forest resources
• mineral resources
• Marine resources
• 5. classification based on chemical composition
• organic
• inorganic
• mix

14. Forest
• the earth land area where the vegetations are ground naturally in groups is known as a
forest
• the word vegetation means serves Creepers or any Woody vegetation having a
close canopy.
• all forests are usually not of the same type. but as per the condition of the atmosphere
rainfall proportion and temperature there are different looking to that denseness of the
grown vegetation. they are of different varieties 2/ firewood for fuel and grass for cattle are
also obtained from the forest the pulp wood is used for preparing boxes. the sandal wood
obtained from the forests of Karnataka is used for pregnant items. bamboos used for
industries and construction work are also the product of forest. sealing wax gum as funny
etc. are also the product of forest. in Indian forest there have been found approximately
15,000 type of different vegetations. what is provider water side protection in

15. • 1. reducing the rate surface runoff water
• 2. preventing a place flood and soil erosion
• 3.Producing a prolonged gradual runoff and the safeguarding
against the draught.
• 4. the wild animal and wild living organism get protection in
forest only
• 5. plantation of trees around the residential colonies not
only create Serene

16. past and present status of forest
• in the whole world the spread of forest in 1900 was noted
approximately over 7000 *106
• hectares of land. this thread has been reduced to
2890*106 hectares in 1975. it's such a rate of hole happens
continuously then by the year 2000 it would come down to
270*106 hectares.
•

17. year dense forest area % of total area
1961-70 700 lakh hectares 23
1972-75 551.8 lakh hectares 18.10
1981-82 465.8 lakh hectares 15.11
1987 415.18 lakh hectares 13.66
1991 350 6.4 lakh hectares 11.71

18. • the National Forest policy has recommended 33% forest area for
the plains and 67% for The Hills.
• 30% of forest area is only mentioned in 13 States states are follow
• Arunachal Pradesh Assam Goa Madhya Pradesh Manipur
Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Dadra and Nagar Haveli Odisha
Tripura and Andaman Nicobar
• in Gujarat this forest area is only 6.1 % of the total land. but we are
hopeful that is percentage will increase in the long is the people have
awaken 2 what is importance of forest in India the whole forest area
depends on the average rainfall which is required to be a 120 mm to
1250 mm. forests in India are classified into a five types of botanical
division of India there are as follow
•

19. 1. evergreen forest
2. deciduous forest
3.Dry forest
4. mountain or Hill forest
5. tidal forest

20. evergreen forest

21. deciduous forest

22. Dry forest

23. mountain or Hill
forest

24. tidal forest

25. Main
types of
forests in
India
Main types of forests in India main products
1. evergreen hardwood forest ( rainfall
over 200 CM)
teak rose wood ebony iron
wood bamboo
2. deciduous forest( rainfall 150 to 200
CM)
teak Sal Sandalwood Rosewood
rubber seesam
3.Dry forest (Rainfall 75 200 CM) Thorny trees
4.a.Hills forest( heights of The Hills 1000
to 2000 metres above mean sea level)
nd bamboo oak and chestnut almond
and walnut
4.b. Hills forest( heights of The Hills 1600
to 3300 metre) also known
as coniferous forest
Pine deodar Spruce
4.c.Hill forest( heights of The Hills above
3600 metres)
brick Alpine grasslands and scrub
5. tidal forest Sundari treeind

26. Indian forest
vegetation Map

27. Reason of deforestation
• 1.Obtaining raw material
• 2. obtaining timber for furniture
• 3. obtaining fuel firewood
• 4. of developing the mineral industry
• 5. constructing project on rivers
• 6. expanding agricultural lands
• 7. purpose of constructing roads

28. • 8. establishing industry
• 9. constructing railway tracks
• 10. women accommodation
• 11. overgrazing of forest by livestock
• 12. destruction by many kind of insects and pets
• 13. it destroyed as old trees seedlings and seeds
• 14. extreme weather conditions such as Frost Storms and
heat

29. threats associated with the
deforestation
• 1. flash floods
• 2. decrease rainfall
• 3. greenhouse effect
• 4. soil erosion
• 5. Atmosphere
• 6. shelter of living spaces and animals
• 7. animal migration
• 8. desert pending and decrease agriculture land
• 9. decrease animals population
• 10. Unemployment

30. conservation of forest
• conservation of forest is mainly
concerned with the eighth power
use Preservation and protection
from destructive influence and
misuse etc. conservation is very
important for the social and
economic development of the
country.

31. reason for conservation of forest
• 1. to maintain Aquila barium of air water soil and
species in ecosystems
• 2. to maintain our biodiversity( it is to be noted
that there exists about a few 45000vegetation
spaces and 65000 animals spaces in India)

32. measure of forest conservation
•
•
•
•
•
•

33. 7. social Forestry program should be undertaken on a large scale with active participation of people.
8. afforestation programme should be undertaken in the wasteland
9. trees of the Aesthetic value should be planted along roadsides and railway tracks.
10. ornamental trees should be planted in the parts and other waste land.
11. Regeneration
12. reforestation by suitable monoculture should be implemented.

34. water
• Water is a must for life water plays an
important role in our life there is a continuous
increase in the demand of water due to an
over increasing population industrialisation
and urbanisation the basis of this water
resource is rain India has a n in your water
resources of about 40000 crore hectare
metres from it about 10000 to 12500 Crore
hectares metres are found in rivers and lakes.

35. • Electricity can be generated by with help of tidal
energy about 45% of electricity in India is
obtained from hydro power plants fishing
industry can also be a developed
water is considered to be one of the important
tools for human life and civilization and
the prominent civilization The world developed
on the river banks
• what are you factor functioning of various biotic
activities such as
• conduction convection respiration excretion
reproduction.
• water is used in Paper Mills And dying Blessy
bleaching industry for agriculture also
• by planning irrigation project has amount of
Crop yield can be obtained
• for fulfilling the increasing demand of water due
to urbanization and industrialization the
underground water who are above the river
Lake water can also be a utilised.

36. • India is blessed with a large quota of water resources but due to non usage of modern
technology the common man cannot avail of its advantages only 20% of Underwater groundwater
and 45% of surface water is utilise in our country.
• India has a coastal region of 6100 km along with the big and small rivers takes as well as
irrigation projects India produce approximately at 24 lakh tonnes of face annually from which 10
lacs people on the livelihood
• thirty years back one third of Indian population what not provide fit for drinking water show in the
seventh plan a provision for a technological Mission was started solely for pure drinking water.

37. uses of water
• 1. adopting a scientific and technological method
up to the highest possible extreme this is water
resources can be used in the field of agriculture
industry.
• 2. water is used for drinking and washing purpose
at home and achieving benefit from Green
Revolution campaign.
• 3. water is vital to the fishing industry.
• 4.for Marine transport and voting purpose water
waste are used.
• 5. electricity can be generating using the tidal
energy electricity produce is economic also

38. water cycle
• water resources Sholay depend on rainfall the rain
usually more at place is there are big and tall
vegetation for Hive mountains.
• the rainfall is comparatively less in plain region
wetland or open balance
• the rainwater find its way to flow from top places to
the blue places at home as per the surface condition
of the region some water of these resources are
absorbed in the land.
• Due to this flow of rain water bodies such as rivers
streams lakes and Ponds are from as per the
surface condition of this kitchen

39. • some water of these resources are observed in the land while some part of this
rain water reaches to a very low death within the under underground portion
through sums devices for leads awesome underground tracks and ways. if this
undenied part is ok purest type of them some waterproof still deeper and
reaches a place where their stony path hence The Quota of water living under
the ground water increasing every year search water is found at the depth of
about 600 to 700 feet.
• sometimes underground water can be obtained at 20 feet also if we construct a
well at a place where underground water is found obtained at a depth of 20 to 30
feet then such type of well is call a Shallow well. other types include a deep well
tubewell duck well attention well.
• for such rivers dams Are constructed at Higher places and water is conserved.
• sometimes water from rivers is restricted follow to the sea or ocean and small
types of dams are also constructed there are usually known as causes ways.

40. • now due to the heat of the sun the water of ocean evaporites and also the
water of wetland evaporates and mixes with atmospheric in the form of
water vapour. with this water dust particle and other particles on the mixing
from clouds and this cloudflow forever in the direction of the Wind. if these
have a parade water vapour consume clouds become a sufficiently cool
they from fog on mist. this 41 teaching a sufficient height from Cloud if the
water vapour becomes too cold tension particles at home which combine
themselves and from pieces of ice when the pole down there is snowfall.
when this cloud reach high the water vapour in them is converted to a
water and when this cloud chloride with the mountain auto tall dance trace
its rain. if the cloud for water in this from of particle it is said to
be hailstones. when the atmospheric gases mixes with rain and from
acidic compounds then the rain is said to be acid rain.
• in this way water obtain from Sky Falls on the earth and again goes to the
sky and then again fall on the earth. in this way the water for much cycle
from sky to earth and from Earth to sky.This cycle is term as the water
cycle.

41. • water which is found to be told under the ground in the certain
region of which is known as a fire or water bearing Stratum
Porous.
• What are seeds/ sources of water:
• 1. underground water
• 2. surface water
• 3. Evaporation water
•

42. • 1. sea or ocean
• 2. rivers and streams
• 3. Ponds and lakes
• 4. Springs
• 5. Wells