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1. Vocabulary &
Grammar Focus 1
Unit 2: Energy in Nature.
Course 3: Inglés A2
#3
GHIREN CANAHUATE
BERNARDO GALLEGOS
Profesores de inglés.
Inglés Nivel Básico Alto.
Universidad de Concepción

2. Vocabulary: Energy in Nature.

3. Landscapes
 All of us enjoy natural landscapes, and here in Chile, we have a large variety of
them.
Volcano Waterfall Lake River
Dessert Glaciers Island Mountain

4. Energy Sources
 We can find many energy sources in nature:
Renewable energy Non-
renewable energy
 Some of them are called “clean energies”, which means they don’t have a deep
impact in our environment.

5. Adjectives:
 To describe landscapes and energy sources, we use adjectives, which are words
that give us a characteristic of what we are describing.
 Most of the adjectives have an opposite word, such as:
cheap expensive Hot Cold
Good Bad
 Others, are more specific:
Crowdy Deep

6. Grammar: Comparison using
adjectives.

7. Comparatives
 Comparatives are adjectives used to compare one specific characteristic between
two elements.
Portugal is SMALLER than
Spain.
 The characteristic we are using is “SMALL”
 Notice that we use the word “than” to make the comparison between both countries.

8. Short adjectives comparatives
 Short adjectives are the ones that have only ONE PRONOUNCED SYLLABLE, like
“SMALL”.
Portugal is SMALLER
than Spain.
Element 1 to be adjective +
er than Element 2
 RULE: When we compare using short adjectives, we add –er at the end of the
adjective.

9. Long adjectives comparatives
 Long adjectives are the ones that have TWO OR MORE PRONOUNCED SYLLABLE,
like “CROW-DED”.
Tokyo is more crowded than
Villarrica.
Element 1 to be more + adjective
than Element 2
 RULE: When we compare using long adjectives, we put “more” before the

10. Superlatives
 Superlatives are the highest degree of comparisons.
 We use them to describe an element which is at the upper or lower
limit of a quality in a category.
Loa river is the longest river in Chile.
 The characteristic we are using is “LONG”
 Notice that we use the word “the” to indicate the characteristic at its
higher degree.

11. Short adjectives superlatives
 Remember that short adjectives are the ones that have only ONE
PRONOUNCED SYLLABLE, like “LONG”.
Loa river is the longest
river in Chile.
Element to be “the” adjective + est
category
 RULE: When we make superlatives using short adjectives,
we add –est at the end of the adjective.
 If the adjective has a consonant + single vowel + consonant spelling,
the final consonant must be doubled before adding the ending (big 
biggest)

12. Long adjectives superlatives
 Long adjectives are the ones that have TWO OR MORE PRONOUNCED SYLLABLE,
like “EX-PEN-SIVE”.
Zurich is the most expensive city
in the world.
Element to be the most + adjective
category
 RULE: When we make superlatives using long adjectives,
we add “most” before the adjective.

13. Comparatives & Superlatives
spelling rules
Rule Adjective Comparative Superlative
One syllable strong stronger the strongest
Consonant + vowel
consonant, double
last consonant
big bigger the biggest
Ends in –e large larger the largest
Ends in –y happy happier the happiest
Two syllables gentle gentler
more gentle
the gentlest
the most gentle
Three or more expensive more expensive the most
Irregular forms good
little
better
less
the best
the least