This document discusses the proper use of bilingual dictionaries to understand English texts. It provides guidelines for using bilingual dictionaries, including knowing how they are organized, understanding abbreviations, and taking the first definition given which is usually the most common. It also discusses how Collins and Oxford dictionaries indicate placements of adjectives and nouns. Finally, it covers some key linguistic concepts like polysemy, cognates, false cognates, synonyms, and antonyms which are important for understanding words in different contexts.

1. OCTOBER 2, 2020
“THE BILINGUAL DICTIONARY AS A TOOL FOR
UNDERSTANDING TERMS AND TECHNICAL
CONCEPTS TEXTS IN ENGLISH”

2. 1._Conventions for the proper handling of the bilingual dictionary:
• It is a reference book that
contains words from one or
more languages, which
offers two alphabetical lists
of terms, of languages ​​in
this case Spanish - English
• Is an indispensable
instrument for the English
learner whose native
language is Spanish.
Bilingual
Dictionary
•To use the bilingual dictionary
we have to take into account
several criteria, such as, for
example, first knowing how
the dictionary is organized so
that its handling is a little
easier for us, we must take
into account its abbreviations
and pronunciation symbols,
many times When we locate a
word they give us several
definitions, we always take the
first one because it is the most
common. We have to take into
account abbreviations,
example: adjectives, adverb,
transitive, conjugations,
preposition, and intransitive
verbs.
Use of the
Bilingual
Dictionary
•COLLINS and OXFORD
usually indicate the
placements fundamentally
under the entry corresponding
to the adjective, but also
under the noun or under the
entries corresponding to both
placed. The procedures used
for this, both in the Spanish-
English section and in the
English-Spanish section, are:
under the entry for the
adjective, the noun with which
it is placed appears in italics,
and after this the translation of
the adjective is given of said
placement. Nouns in italics do
not follow alphabetical order
but are grouped by meaning.
Sample Dicttionary
Templates

3. Grammatical function of Word
Name or Noun Pronouns
Name a person,
town, city, country,
etc. (Names own),
also to things or
animals (common
names), groups of
people or
animals
(collective names)
and feelings, ideas,
states or qualities
(abstract names).
Adjectives Adverbs Verbs Prepositions Conjunction
Examples
Venezuela
Rodrigo
Dog
 Love
Hate
They are
words that
replace
nouns or
nominal
phrases.
Examples
I
You
He
She
It We
They
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
They are used
to describe the
characteristics
of a person,
object or
animal. In
English they
are classified
into simple,
comparative
and superlative
depending on
the situation.
Examples
•Short
adjectives
Small
Tall
•Comparative
objectives:
Smaller
Taller
Superlative
adjectives
(The)
Smallest
(The)
Tallest
They modify
verbs,
adjectives, and
other adverbs.
Also, an
adverb can
modify until
the rest of the
sentence in
which it
appears. There
are several
types of
adverbs;
according to
mode, time,
space and
others
Examples
Well
Where
 Today
Much
Never
Yes
Maybe
It is the word
that expresses
action,
movement,
change,
occurrence or
existence. The
verb functions
as the
predicate of a
sentence or as
the
essential part
of that
predicate.
Sentences can
be in a simple
verb tense or
compound.
Examples
Move
Play
Watch
Love
 Buy
Write
Speak
They match and
relate their
object to
another word in
the sentence. A
preposition
it always has an
object, which is
almost always a
noun or a
pronoun. They
can
accompany a
verb serving as
a link to its
complement. In
this case, they
may not alter
the meaning of
the verb or alter
it with what
constitutes a
different word.
Examples
About
For
By
 Without
 Under
 After
 Among
Between
 Into
Down
They
function as
connectors
for words,
phrases or
clauses
(primary or
secondary).
Also
Anyway
Next
Then
Finally
Indeed
Besides
Hence
Examples

4. Polysemy: Polysemic words refer to words that have different meanings.
Example: I’m so thirsty! I need a drink of water. (water = agua)
Did you remember to water my plants? (water = regar)
Cognates: There are words in English and in Spanish that have a great spelling
similarity. These words are called "cognates".
Example: I am curious.
(Yo soy curioso.)
False Cognates: False cognates have a similar spelling, but their meaning is completely
different.
Example: Write down your date of birth here. (Date = fecha, The false cognate is: Dato)
(Escriba su fecha de nacimiento aquí)
Synonyms: When two words are synonymous we are referring to that between them
there is a relationship of equality of meaning, that is, both can be used to
express the same thing.
Example: There is a small garden in front of my house (Small- Tiny = Pequeño)
Japanese women tend to look tiny and delicate
Antonyms: The antonym is a type of semantic relationship that is established between words
that have totally opposite meanings. Must belong, like synonyms, to the same grammatical
category.
Example: What did you come here so early for? Early: Temprano
What keeps you up so late? Late: Tarde
Contextual meaning and function of
words