10. THERMAL SYSTEM
Thermal systems are those that involve the
transfer of heat from one substance to another.
There are three different ways of heat flow from
one substance to another. They are conduction,
convection and radiation.
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15. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
The Hydraulic system of interest to control engineers
may be classified into,
1. Liquid Level system and
2. Hydraulic devices
The liquid level system consists of storage tanks and
connecting pipes. The variables to be controlled are liquid
height in tanks and flow rate in pipes. The driving force is
the relative difference of the Iiquid heights in the tanks.
The Hydraulic devices are devices using incompressible
oil as their working medium. These devices are used for
controlling the forces and motions. The driving force is the
high pressure oil supplied by the Hydraulic pumps.
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33. STEPS TO SOLVE BLOCK DIAGRAM REDUCTION PROBLEMS:
Step 1: Reduce the blocks connected in series
Step 2: Reduce the blocks connected in parallel
Step 3: Reduce the minor feedback loops
Step 4: Try to shift take off points towards right and Summing point towards left
Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 till simple form is obtained
Step 6: Obtain the Transfer Function of Overall System
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34. Advantages of Block Diagram Representation
Very simple to construct block diagram for a complicated system
Function of individual element can be visualized
Individual & Overall performance can be studied
Over all transfer function can be calculated easily
Disadvantages of Block Diagram Representation
No information about the physical construction
Source of energy is not shown
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