Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without treatment, contaminating lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater. There are two main types of water pollution: point source pollution which comes from a single identifiable source like a pipe, and nonpoint source pollution which comes from diffuse sources like agricultural runoff. Water pollution can cause a variety of diseases in humans through drinking contaminated water, swimming in it, or consuming polluted food. Air pollution comes from both natural and man-made sources, and the five major pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and ground-level
The document discusses different types of environmental pollution including air, water, land, and noise pollution. It defines each type of pollution and discusses their causes and effects. For each type of pollution, it also provides some methods for prevention such as proper waste disposal, reducing vehicle and industrial emissions, planting trees, and using public transportation to help reduce pollution. The document was created by a student as part of a school project on environmental pollution.
This document discusses four types of pollution: air, water, noise, and soil. It provides details on each type, including causes and effects. For air pollution, it notes vehicle emissions and energy usage contribute to decreased air quality. Water pollution results from littering and improper chemical disposal contaminating water bodies. Noise pollution stems from transportation and machines interfering with human and animal activities. Soil pollution is caused by industrial chemicals and heavy metals that pose health risks. Throughout, the document emphasizes the importance of conservation and proper waste disposal to prevent environmental degradation from different kinds of pollution.
Ecology and Environmental Biology,air pollution, environmental pollution, gaseous pollutants, global environmental change, ionizing radiation, noise pollution, non-ionizing radiation, pollutants, pollution, prevention and control of air pollution, radiation damage, radiation pollution, soil pollution, sources of water pollution, types of pollution, water pollution, water recycling
This document defines and discusses several types of pollution: air, water, land, noise, and radioactive. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type of pollution as well as some solutions to prevent them. The main types of pollution covered are air pollution from industries and vehicles, water pollution from sewage and industrial/agricultural waste, land pollution from waste dumping and contaminated runoff, noise pollution from traffic and construction, and radioactive pollution from nuclear power and waste. The conclusion calls for protecting the earth by reducing pollution.
This document discusses various types of environmental pollution, focusing on air and water pollution. It defines air pollution and lists its major sources such as vehicles, industries, and firecrackers. It also discusses the health effects of different air pollutants on humans, plants, and materials. The document then covers water pollution sources like domestic sewage, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff. It explains various types of water pollution and their effects including depletion of dissolved oxygen and spread of pathogens. The document concludes by mentioning some case studies on pollution's impact like the collapse of vulture populations in South Asia.
This document provides an overview of various types of pollution including definitions, history, and key details. It defines pollution as the introduction of contaminants that cause adverse environmental changes. The main types of pollution discussed are air, water, land, noise, and marine pollution. For each type, the document outlines causes, effects, and in some cases control measures. It also discusses classification of pollutants and the roles of organizations like the Central Pollution Control Board in maintaining standards and monitoring pollution levels.
The document discusses the main types of pollution: land, water, air, noise, radioactive, and thermal. It provides more details on land, water, air, and noise pollution. Land pollution is caused by improper waste disposal and industrial/agricultural activities. Water pollution involves contaminating water bodies without treatment. Noise pollution disrupts human/animal life from construction and transportation. Air pollution introduces harmful chemicals and particulate matter into the atmosphere from industrial activities.
The document discusses different types of environmental pollution including air, water, land, and noise pollution. It defines each type of pollution and discusses their causes and effects. For each type of pollution, it also provides some methods for prevention such as proper waste disposal, reducing vehicle and industrial emissions, planting trees, and using public transportation to help reduce pollution. The document was created by a student as part of a school project on environmental pollution.
This document discusses four types of pollution: air, water, noise, and soil. It provides details on each type, including causes and effects. For air pollution, it notes vehicle emissions and energy usage contribute to decreased air quality. Water pollution results from littering and improper chemical disposal contaminating water bodies. Noise pollution stems from transportation and machines interfering with human and animal activities. Soil pollution is caused by industrial chemicals and heavy metals that pose health risks. Throughout, the document emphasizes the importance of conservation and proper waste disposal to prevent environmental degradation from different kinds of pollution.
Ecology and Environmental Biology,air pollution, environmental pollution, gaseous pollutants, global environmental change, ionizing radiation, noise pollution, non-ionizing radiation, pollutants, pollution, prevention and control of air pollution, radiation damage, radiation pollution, soil pollution, sources of water pollution, types of pollution, water pollution, water recycling
This document defines and discusses several types of pollution: air, water, land, noise, and radioactive. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type of pollution as well as some solutions to prevent them. The main types of pollution covered are air pollution from industries and vehicles, water pollution from sewage and industrial/agricultural waste, land pollution from waste dumping and contaminated runoff, noise pollution from traffic and construction, and radioactive pollution from nuclear power and waste. The conclusion calls for protecting the earth by reducing pollution.
This document discusses various types of environmental pollution, focusing on air and water pollution. It defines air pollution and lists its major sources such as vehicles, industries, and firecrackers. It also discusses the health effects of different air pollutants on humans, plants, and materials. The document then covers water pollution sources like domestic sewage, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff. It explains various types of water pollution and their effects including depletion of dissolved oxygen and spread of pathogens. The document concludes by mentioning some case studies on pollution's impact like the collapse of vulture populations in South Asia.
This document provides an overview of various types of pollution including definitions, history, and key details. It defines pollution as the introduction of contaminants that cause adverse environmental changes. The main types of pollution discussed are air, water, land, noise, and marine pollution. For each type, the document outlines causes, effects, and in some cases control measures. It also discusses classification of pollutants and the roles of organizations like the Central Pollution Control Board in maintaining standards and monitoring pollution levels.
The document discusses the main types of pollution: land, water, air, noise, radioactive, and thermal. It provides more details on land, water, air, and noise pollution. Land pollution is caused by improper waste disposal and industrial/agricultural activities. Water pollution involves contaminating water bodies without treatment. Noise pollution disrupts human/animal life from construction and transportation. Air pollution introduces harmful chemicals and particulate matter into the atmosphere from industrial activities.
This document defines different types of pollution and their causes. It discusses water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, and noise pollution. For each type of pollution, it provides sources and effects. Some key points are: water pollution can be from industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste; air pollutants are particulate or gaseous and can be primary or secondary; land pollution occurs from construction, agriculture, and waste; and noise pollution mainly comes from transportation, construction, and industrial activities. The document emphasizes that environmental pollution harms both humans and animals, and everyone needs to work together to protect the environment.
Pollution is defined as the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse effects. Pollution can take various forms including chemicals, noise, heat and light. Common types of pollution include air pollution from vehicle and industrial emissions, noise pollution from transportation and industry, soil contamination from chemical spills and leaks, and water pollution from wastewater and plastic discharge. Multiple contaminants like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons pollute the air, soil and water.
This document discusses sewage disposal and pollution control. It begins by defining sewage and its origins from residential and industrial establishments. Sewage is classified as domestic or industrial. Domestic sewage typically contains human waste while industrial sewage varies more in composition. The document then outlines the three phases of sewage treatment: pre-treatment to remove solids, primary treatment to separate waste, and secondary treatment using bacteria to further break down organic matter. It also discusses different types of pollution like air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Causes and effects of each type of pollution are provided along with strategies for pollution control and prevention of environmental degradation.
Air and water pollution, prevention and controlNur Idris
This document summarizes air and water pollution, including their causes, effects, and methods of prevention and control. It discusses how air pollution is caused by human activities and can impact human health and ecosystems. Indoor air pollution particularly affects women and children. Water pollution is caused by human and industrial waste and can spread water-related diseases. Prevention methods include containment, replacement technologies, dilution through reforestation, and legislation to regulate pollution levels. Purification of polluted air and water involves processes like storage, filtration, and disinfection.
This document discusses various types and sources of environmental pollution. It defines pollution as the introduction of substances or energy into the environment by human activity that has harmful effects. The major forms of pollution are described as air, water, soil, radioactive contamination, noise, light, and thermal pollution. Key sources of air pollution include emissions from vehicles, industries, and biomass burning. Water pollution arises from sewage, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff. Soil contamination is caused by acid rain, excessive fertilizer use, and waste dumping. The impacts of different types of pollution and case studies of polluted areas are also presented.
The document summarizes information about solid waste management and environmental pollution. It discusses the causes and effects of solid waste pollution, as well as control measures like proper collection, disposal, and utilization of wastes. It also outlines the role individuals can play in preventing pollution through actions like reducing waste and using alternatives to plastics. Examples of major pollution events like the Donora smog disaster, Bhopal gas tragedy, Love Canal, arsenic groundwater pollution in India and Bangladesh, and the Chernobyl nuclear accident are provided to illustrate pollution problems.
The document defines different types of environmental pollution - water, air, land, radioactive and noise pollution. It discusses the causes and effects of each type of pollution and provides suggestions on how to avoid each one, such as using public transport and electric vehicles to reduce air pollution, properly disposing of waste to prevent land and water pollution, and using noise barriers or ear protection to limit noise pollution. The overall document outlines the key topics around various forms of environmental pollution.
The document discusses various types of water pollution including point and nonpoint sources. It outlines major categories of water pollutants such as infectious agents, oxygen-demanding wastes, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, plant nutrients, sediment, radioactive materials, and heat. Specific pollutants like mercury, cadmium, and lead are examined in terms of their effects on human health. Causes of groundwater pollution and diseases caused by contaminated groundwater like fluorosis, methemoglobinemia, and black foot disease are also outlined.
This document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, noise, light, and soil pollution. It defines each type of pollution and provides examples of sources and effects. For each type of pollution, it also discusses ways to control and prevent further pollution, such as maintaining a healthy distance between industrial and residential areas for air pollution, conserving water and properly disposing of waste to prevent water pollution, limiting noise from vehicles and machinery to reduce noise pollution, and treating industrial and agricultural waste to control soil pollution. The document aims to raise awareness about the different types of pollution and measures that can be taken to address pollution issues.
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, light, and radioactive pollution. It focuses on defining air pollution as the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere which can spread quickly and cause lung and skin diseases. Some of the major air pollutants mentioned are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, volatile organic compounds, and airborne particles. The document also notes that increased levels of these gases in the atmosphere are depleting the ozone layer.
Pollution comes in various forms including water, air, and soil pollution. Water pollution stems from effluent discharge from factories and sewage, posing health risks like cholera. Air pollution in Pakistan causes over 22,000 deaths annually from traffic and industrial emissions. Soil pollution arises from agriculture, mining, and nuclear waste. Mitigation strategies address specific pollutants and aim to strengthen regulations, incentives, and waste management.
causes and effects of environmental pollution mainly about the air and water pollution and it includes the what is mean by environmental pollution and what is mean by water pollution ,air pollution and contains how to control the pollution and the ways in which man leading to pollution and also contains defects caused due to the environmental pollution
The document discusses environmental pollution. It defines environmental pollution as the presence of harmful agents or substances in the environment that can negatively impact human health, wildlife, or property. It identifies three main types of environmental pollution: water contamination, soil contamination, and air pollution. Various causes of pollution are outlined, including domestic and industrial waste, excessive fertilizers and chemicals, tree cutting, burning, trash, and vehicle emissions. The document concludes with recommendations for preventing further environmental pollution, such as proper waste disposal, limiting fertilizer and pesticide use, controlling industries' discharges, and increasing environmental awareness.
This document summarizes the causes and health effects of food pollution. It discusses various types of contaminants including agrochemicals, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and microorganisms that can cause food poisoning. Major sources of contamination are discussed such as environmental pollution from air, water and soil; packaging materials; food processing equipment; and cross-contamination. Specific heavy metals like lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium are examined in depth regarding their sources and impacts on health. Common persistent organic pollutants known as the "dirty dozen" are also outlined.
Water pollution comes from a variety of sources and can harm human and animal health. It includes biological, organic, inorganic, and physical contaminants. Suspended impurities like bacteria, viruses, algae, and metals like iron, lead affect health. Dissolved impurities include salts that cause hardness, alkalinity issues. Sewage contains chemicals, paper, plastic that deplete oxygen and create dead zones. Industrial waste introduces long-lasting toxins like PCBs. Agricultural runoff introduces pesticides, fertilizers that increase nutrients and lead to eutrophication. Offshore drilling accidents and oil spills are devastating, as are nuclear fallouts and dumping of radioactive wastes. Preventing water pollution from all sources
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including air, water, noise, thermal, soil, and radioactive pollution. It focuses on air pollution, providing details on the sources, classification, nature, effects, and control of air pollutants. The types of air pollution control devices are described including dust collectors, electrostatic precipitators, filters, scrubbers, absorbers, and adsorbers. Standards for noise pollution and sources of noise pollution from pharmaceutical equipment are also summarized along with possible control measures.
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, noise, and their causes and effects. It defines air pollution as the presence of unwanted particles and gases in the air that can harm humans, plants, and structures. Various air pollutants are classified based on their origin, state of matter, and presence indoors or outdoors. Water pollution occurs when contaminants are discharged into water bodies, harming aquatic life and humans. Noise pollution refers to unwanted sound that disrupts daily life and can impact physical and mental health. Solutions to different types of pollution include reducing waste, proper city planning, and increasing awareness.
This document discusses various types of environmental pollution. It begins by defining air pollution as the presence of unwanted particles or gases in the air that are not part of the original composition. It then classifies air pollutants based on their origin, state of matter, and presence in the indoor or outdoor environment. Common air pollutants include particulate matter from dust, smoke, and combustion as well as gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. The document also discusses water pollution and describes how excess nutrients can cause eutrophication of bodies of water. Various human activities that contribute to pollution are outlined along with their health and environmental impacts. Finally, the document provides some suggestions for reducing pollution.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse effects. There are several types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, and light pollution. Air pollution is caused by burning fossil fuels and vehicle emissions. Water pollution results from waste, chemicals from agriculture and industry, and oil spills. Soil pollution occurs from leaking tanks, landfills, and excess chemicals from farming. Noise pollution stems from vehicles, machines, and events. Light pollution is caused by excessive artificial lighting. These types of pollution can negatively impact human health, ecosystems, and climate. Prevention methods include sustainable transportation, energy choices, reducing waste, and educating others.
This document discusses various types of environmental pollution including air, water, soil, marine, noise and thermal pollution. It provides details on the causes and sources of each type of pollution as well as their effects. Control and prevention measures are also outlined such as effluent treatment plants, reducing waste disposal in water bodies, soil conservation techniques, and reducing noise from vehicles and factories.
This document defines different types of pollution and their causes. It discusses water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, and noise pollution. For each type of pollution, it provides sources and effects. Some key points are: water pollution can be from industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste; air pollutants are particulate or gaseous and can be primary or secondary; land pollution occurs from construction, agriculture, and waste; and noise pollution mainly comes from transportation, construction, and industrial activities. The document emphasizes that environmental pollution harms both humans and animals, and everyone needs to work together to protect the environment.
Pollution is defined as the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse effects. Pollution can take various forms including chemicals, noise, heat and light. Common types of pollution include air pollution from vehicle and industrial emissions, noise pollution from transportation and industry, soil contamination from chemical spills and leaks, and water pollution from wastewater and plastic discharge. Multiple contaminants like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons pollute the air, soil and water.
This document discusses sewage disposal and pollution control. It begins by defining sewage and its origins from residential and industrial establishments. Sewage is classified as domestic or industrial. Domestic sewage typically contains human waste while industrial sewage varies more in composition. The document then outlines the three phases of sewage treatment: pre-treatment to remove solids, primary treatment to separate waste, and secondary treatment using bacteria to further break down organic matter. It also discusses different types of pollution like air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Causes and effects of each type of pollution are provided along with strategies for pollution control and prevention of environmental degradation.
Air and water pollution, prevention and controlNur Idris
This document summarizes air and water pollution, including their causes, effects, and methods of prevention and control. It discusses how air pollution is caused by human activities and can impact human health and ecosystems. Indoor air pollution particularly affects women and children. Water pollution is caused by human and industrial waste and can spread water-related diseases. Prevention methods include containment, replacement technologies, dilution through reforestation, and legislation to regulate pollution levels. Purification of polluted air and water involves processes like storage, filtration, and disinfection.
This document discusses various types and sources of environmental pollution. It defines pollution as the introduction of substances or energy into the environment by human activity that has harmful effects. The major forms of pollution are described as air, water, soil, radioactive contamination, noise, light, and thermal pollution. Key sources of air pollution include emissions from vehicles, industries, and biomass burning. Water pollution arises from sewage, industrial effluents, and agricultural runoff. Soil contamination is caused by acid rain, excessive fertilizer use, and waste dumping. The impacts of different types of pollution and case studies of polluted areas are also presented.
The document summarizes information about solid waste management and environmental pollution. It discusses the causes and effects of solid waste pollution, as well as control measures like proper collection, disposal, and utilization of wastes. It also outlines the role individuals can play in preventing pollution through actions like reducing waste and using alternatives to plastics. Examples of major pollution events like the Donora smog disaster, Bhopal gas tragedy, Love Canal, arsenic groundwater pollution in India and Bangladesh, and the Chernobyl nuclear accident are provided to illustrate pollution problems.
The document defines different types of environmental pollution - water, air, land, radioactive and noise pollution. It discusses the causes and effects of each type of pollution and provides suggestions on how to avoid each one, such as using public transport and electric vehicles to reduce air pollution, properly disposing of waste to prevent land and water pollution, and using noise barriers or ear protection to limit noise pollution. The overall document outlines the key topics around various forms of environmental pollution.
The document discusses various types of water pollution including point and nonpoint sources. It outlines major categories of water pollutants such as infectious agents, oxygen-demanding wastes, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, plant nutrients, sediment, radioactive materials, and heat. Specific pollutants like mercury, cadmium, and lead are examined in terms of their effects on human health. Causes of groundwater pollution and diseases caused by contaminated groundwater like fluorosis, methemoglobinemia, and black foot disease are also outlined.
This document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, noise, light, and soil pollution. It defines each type of pollution and provides examples of sources and effects. For each type of pollution, it also discusses ways to control and prevent further pollution, such as maintaining a healthy distance between industrial and residential areas for air pollution, conserving water and properly disposing of waste to prevent water pollution, limiting noise from vehicles and machinery to reduce noise pollution, and treating industrial and agricultural waste to control soil pollution. The document aims to raise awareness about the different types of pollution and measures that can be taken to address pollution issues.
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, light, and radioactive pollution. It focuses on defining air pollution as the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere which can spread quickly and cause lung and skin diseases. Some of the major air pollutants mentioned are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, volatile organic compounds, and airborne particles. The document also notes that increased levels of these gases in the atmosphere are depleting the ozone layer.
Pollution comes in various forms including water, air, and soil pollution. Water pollution stems from effluent discharge from factories and sewage, posing health risks like cholera. Air pollution in Pakistan causes over 22,000 deaths annually from traffic and industrial emissions. Soil pollution arises from agriculture, mining, and nuclear waste. Mitigation strategies address specific pollutants and aim to strengthen regulations, incentives, and waste management.
causes and effects of environmental pollution mainly about the air and water pollution and it includes the what is mean by environmental pollution and what is mean by water pollution ,air pollution and contains how to control the pollution and the ways in which man leading to pollution and also contains defects caused due to the environmental pollution
The document discusses environmental pollution. It defines environmental pollution as the presence of harmful agents or substances in the environment that can negatively impact human health, wildlife, or property. It identifies three main types of environmental pollution: water contamination, soil contamination, and air pollution. Various causes of pollution are outlined, including domestic and industrial waste, excessive fertilizers and chemicals, tree cutting, burning, trash, and vehicle emissions. The document concludes with recommendations for preventing further environmental pollution, such as proper waste disposal, limiting fertilizer and pesticide use, controlling industries' discharges, and increasing environmental awareness.
This document summarizes the causes and health effects of food pollution. It discusses various types of contaminants including agrochemicals, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and microorganisms that can cause food poisoning. Major sources of contamination are discussed such as environmental pollution from air, water and soil; packaging materials; food processing equipment; and cross-contamination. Specific heavy metals like lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium are examined in depth regarding their sources and impacts on health. Common persistent organic pollutants known as the "dirty dozen" are also outlined.
Water pollution comes from a variety of sources and can harm human and animal health. It includes biological, organic, inorganic, and physical contaminants. Suspended impurities like bacteria, viruses, algae, and metals like iron, lead affect health. Dissolved impurities include salts that cause hardness, alkalinity issues. Sewage contains chemicals, paper, plastic that deplete oxygen and create dead zones. Industrial waste introduces long-lasting toxins like PCBs. Agricultural runoff introduces pesticides, fertilizers that increase nutrients and lead to eutrophication. Offshore drilling accidents and oil spills are devastating, as are nuclear fallouts and dumping of radioactive wastes. Preventing water pollution from all sources
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including air, water, noise, thermal, soil, and radioactive pollution. It focuses on air pollution, providing details on the sources, classification, nature, effects, and control of air pollutants. The types of air pollution control devices are described including dust collectors, electrostatic precipitators, filters, scrubbers, absorbers, and adsorbers. Standards for noise pollution and sources of noise pollution from pharmaceutical equipment are also summarized along with possible control measures.
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, noise, and their causes and effects. It defines air pollution as the presence of unwanted particles and gases in the air that can harm humans, plants, and structures. Various air pollutants are classified based on their origin, state of matter, and presence indoors or outdoors. Water pollution occurs when contaminants are discharged into water bodies, harming aquatic life and humans. Noise pollution refers to unwanted sound that disrupts daily life and can impact physical and mental health. Solutions to different types of pollution include reducing waste, proper city planning, and increasing awareness.
This document discusses various types of environmental pollution. It begins by defining air pollution as the presence of unwanted particles or gases in the air that are not part of the original composition. It then classifies air pollutants based on their origin, state of matter, and presence in the indoor or outdoor environment. Common air pollutants include particulate matter from dust, smoke, and combustion as well as gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. The document also discusses water pollution and describes how excess nutrients can cause eutrophication of bodies of water. Various human activities that contribute to pollution are outlined along with their health and environmental impacts. Finally, the document provides some suggestions for reducing pollution.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse effects. There are several types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, and light pollution. Air pollution is caused by burning fossil fuels and vehicle emissions. Water pollution results from waste, chemicals from agriculture and industry, and oil spills. Soil pollution occurs from leaking tanks, landfills, and excess chemicals from farming. Noise pollution stems from vehicles, machines, and events. Light pollution is caused by excessive artificial lighting. These types of pollution can negatively impact human health, ecosystems, and climate. Prevention methods include sustainable transportation, energy choices, reducing waste, and educating others.
This document discusses various types of environmental pollution including air, water, soil, marine, noise and thermal pollution. It provides details on the causes and sources of each type of pollution as well as their effects. Control and prevention measures are also outlined such as effluent treatment plants, reducing waste disposal in water bodies, soil conservation techniques, and reducing noise from vehicles and factories.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment through human activity or natural disasters. There are several types of pollution including water, air, land, and noise pollution. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged into bodies of water without treatment and can disrupt food chains and spread disease. Air pollution from vehicle and industrial emissions releases particulate matter and gases that can cause respiratory illnesses. Land pollution stems from improper waste disposal, mining, and misuse of soil, which degrades the land and contaminates water and soil. Noise pollution from transportation and construction disrupts humans and animals, impacting health, productivity, and biodiversity.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including air, water, soil, noise, thermal and marine pollution. It defines each type of pollution, identifies their key causes and effects. For each type of pollution, it provides examples of major pollutants, their sources like industries and vehicles, as well as impacts on health, environment and living organisms. The document aims to educate about different kinds of pollution and associated risks to the environment.
Environmental pollution is the contamination of the earth's natural environment that adversely affects ecosystems. There are three main types of pollution: air, water, and soil. Air pollution stems from smoke, vehicle emissions, and other sources, and can harm human health through respiratory issues and depletion of the ozone layer. Water pollution occurs when waste is discharged into bodies of water without treatment, potentially spreading disease. Soil pollution arises from industrial chemicals, mining, and improper waste disposal, reducing soil fertility. If left unaddressed, pollution poses serious risks to both ecosystems and human well-being.
Pollution (DEFINITION, CAUSE,EFFECT AND PREVENTION/CONTROL MEASURES)AmsaluAsnake
I am public health student in Arbaminch university which is one the poiner universities in Ethiopia
so I posed some research on m field of learning and afforded it for you also because i think you will also encounter some of this kind works in your study. thank you.
The document discusses various types and sources of environmental pollution. It begins by defining pollution and describing how it is rising due to increased human activity and population growth. It then classifies pollutants based on their degradability and nature. It discusses two main types of pollution sources - point sources like factories that discharge directly into the environment, and non-point sources like agriculture runoff that are more diffuse. It provides an example of how DDT pesticide exposure led to declines in bird populations. Finally, it discusses different types of pollution like water, air, soil, noise and radioactive pollution and some of their key causes and impacts.
Environmental pollution by Aakash TiwariAAKASH TIWARI
This document discusses different types of environmental pollution including water, air, land, noise, visual, and thermal pollution. It provides details on the causes and sources of each type of pollution. Some key points include:
- Water pollution can be caused by municipal and industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and thermal pollution from power plants. It affects fresh water sources.
- Air pollution is caused by emissions from vehicles, factories, and biomass burning. It has negative health impacts and contributes to global warming.
- Land pollution results from construction, agriculture, and improper disposal of domestic and industrial waste. It reduces usable land.
- Noise pollution mainly comes from transportation, construction activities, and industrial operations. It
This document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, land, and noise pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type. Air pollution is caused by burning fossil fuels and other sources that release harmful chemicals. Water pollution occurs when bodies of water become contaminated by pollutants from industries and other sources. Land pollution makes the soil unusable for agriculture due to industrial waste. Noise pollution is caused by vehicles, machines, and loud music, and can damage hearing and disrupt wildlife. In summary, the document examines the key issues of various forms of pollution: their causes from human and industrial activities and the adverse health and environmental impacts.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes harm. It comes in many forms including air, water, soil, noise, light and plastic pollution. Major causes are industry, vehicle emissions, and improper waste disposal. Effects include damage to ecosystems, health problems and reduced quality of life. Solutions require reducing pollution at the source, proper waste treatment, using renewable resources, and developing clean technologies.
The document presents on the topic of environment pollution and discusses its five main types: water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, and light pollution. Water pollution results from contaminants introduced into water bodies from sources such as inadequately treated wastewater and can degrade aquatic ecosystems and threaten public health. Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are released into the atmosphere from sources like industry and vehicles, potentially causing health issues. Soil pollution stems from industrial activity and improper waste disposal, introducing chemicals such as petroleum and heavy metals into the soil. Noise pollution arises from machines, transportation, and urban development and can disrupt wildlife and human activities. Light pollution alters natural night conditions and is linked to negative health and environmental impacts
This document discusses various types of environmental pollution including air, water, soil, and sound pollution. It defines environmental pollution as the contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth/atmosphere system that adversely affects normal environmental processes. The major types of environmental pollution are described as air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and sound pollution. Causes, effects, and introductions are provided for each type. Environmental pollution is shown to negatively impact humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems.
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, noise, light, and soil pollution. It defines pollution as the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse effects. The main causes of pollution are identified as industrial activities, vehicular emissions, and improper waste disposal. Effects of pollution mentioned include damage to health, ecosystems, and quality of life. Suggested measures to control pollution involve using cleaner energy sources, sustainable waste management, and creating awareness about environmental protection.
Water and noise pollution pose threats to human and environmental health. Water pollution occurs when harmful substances are directly or indirectly discharged into bodies of water. It has various sources like industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and oil spills. Water pollution leads to eutrophication and depletion of dissolved oxygen in water bodies, harming aquatic life. Noise pollution is unwanted sound that is commonly caused by vehicles, construction, and loud music. It can cause hearing loss, sleep issues, and stress. Control methods include limiting noise emissions and using sound barriers.
Water and noise pollution pose threats to human and environmental health. Water pollution occurs when harmful substances are directly or indirectly discharged into bodies of water. It has various sources like industrial effluents, sewage, fertilizers and oil spills. It can cause eutrophication and biomagnification in aquatic ecosystems. Noise pollution is unwanted sound that is commonly caused by vehicles, construction, and loud music. It can interfere with communication and cause health issues like hearing loss, hypertension and stress. Control measures include treating wastewater, limiting vehicle horns, and preventing the use of loud speakers during certain hours.
Water and noise pollution pose threats to human and environmental health. Water pollution occurs when harmful substances are directly or indirectly discharged into bodies of water. It has various sources like industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and oil spills. Water pollution leads to eutrophication and depletion of dissolved oxygen in water bodies, harming aquatic life. Noise pollution is unwanted sound that is commonly caused by vehicles, construction, and loud music. It can cause hearing loss, sleep issues, and stress. Control methods include limiting noise emissions and using sound barriers.
waterpollution and physio chemical parameters pptSurenderMalik15
Water and noise pollution pose threats to human and environmental health. Water pollution occurs when harmful substances are directly or indirectly discharged into bodies of water. It has various sources like industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and oil spills. Water pollution leads to eutrophication and depletion of dissolved oxygen in water bodies, harming aquatic life. Noise pollution is unwanted sound that is commonly caused by vehicles, construction, and loud music. It can cause hearing loss, sleep issues, and stress. Control methods include limiting noise emissions and using sound barriers.
Environmental pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate the environment. There are three main types: air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. Air pollution is caused by emissions from vehicles, factories, and burning fossil fuels, and includes gases like sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. Water pollution results from industrial and agricultural waste as well as sewage and trash being dumped directly into water sources. Soil pollution is caused by toxic chemicals from mining, landfills, and improper waste disposal which contaminate the ground and enter the food chain. If left unchecked, environmental pollution has serious negative effects on wildlife, human health, and the climate.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
2. Define pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into
the natural environment that cause adverse
change. Pollution can take the form of chemical
substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light.
Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be
either foreign substances/energies or naturally
occurring contaminants. Pollution is often
classed as point source or nonpoint source
pollution.
3. What is water pollution?
• Water pollution is the contamination of water
bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and
groundwater). This form of environmental
degradation occurs when pollutants are
directly or indirectly discharged into water
bodies without adequate treatment to remove
harmful compounds.
4. Types Of Water Pollution
Point source water pollution refers to
contaminants that enter a waterway from a
single, identifiable source, such as a pipe or
ditch. Examples of sources in this category
include discharges from a sewage treatment
plant, a factory, or a city storm drain, municipal
storm sewer systems, as well as industrial storm
water, such as from construction sites.
5. Nonpoint Source Pollution refers to diffuse
contamination that does not originate from a
single discrete source. NPS pollution is often
the cumulative effect of small amounts of
contaminants gathered from a large area. A
common example is the leaching out
of nitrogen `compounds from fertilized
agricultural lands.
6. Groundwater Pollution
A spill or ongoing release of chemical or radionuclide
contaminants into soil (located away from a surface
water body) may not create point or non-point source
pollution but can contaminate the aquifer below,
creating a toxic plume.
7. WATER POLLUTANTS
• Chemical – When various chemicals are the water pollution
causes. The following chemicals are the most common water
pollutants:
Crude oil and various petroleum products (including gasoline,
diesel fuel, kerosene, motor and lubricating oils, jet fuel). These
compounds are lighter than water and thus always sit on top of water
forming sheens of “free product”. However, part of these compounds
dissolve in water and, even in small amounts may be harmful and at
the same time may remain unnoticeable by the eye
Chlorinated solvents which sink in water (are denser than water)
and are quite persistent and toxic. These compounds thus, cannot be
seen by the eye, in contrast with petroleum products that are easily
seen as sheens on top of water surface.
8. Fertilizers (including nitrates and phosphates) – while small
amounts are useful to life, higher amounts of nitrates and phosphates
in water are only beneficial to algae and harmful microorganisms
and are poisonous to human and aquatic life. These contaminants
cannot be seen themselves in water (as they do not form sheens or
color the water), but their effects can. The typical effect of water
pollution by fertilizers (usually through agricultural runoff) is the
fast and abundant water growth.
Pesticides/insecticides/herbicides – comprise a large number of
individual chemicals that get into water due to agricultural activities
directly (by spraying over large areas) or indirectly with agriculture
runoff. The insecticide DDT is a typical example of such type of
water pollutant.
9. Perchlorate – Perchlorate Salts Are Used In Rocket Fuels, As Well
As Many Other Applications Such As Fireworks, Explosives, Road
Flares, Inflation Bags, Etc. This Contaminant Is Usually Associated
With Military Bases, Construction Sites (When Explosives Are
Used). However, Natural Formation In Arid Areas May Account For
Perchlorate In Water, Too (E.G., In Chile, Texas Or California
Where Natural Formation Of Perchlorate Has Been Observed)
• Radiological – when radioactive materials are the water
pollutant causes.
• Biological – when various microorganisms (e.g., bacterial
species and viruses), worms, and/or algae occurring in a large
number are the water pollution causes. This type of pollution is
caused by decaying organic material in water, animal wastes, as well
as improper disposal of human wastes.
10. How Does Water Pollution Affect Us?
Water pollution may cause a large variety of diseases and
poses a serious problem for human health. This is mainly
because we may get exposed to polluted water in various
ways, including, but not necessarily limited to:
• Drinking polluted water
• Bathing or showering in polluted water
• Swimming in polluted water
• Breathing the vapors of a polluted water while sitting next
to a polluted water source
• Consuming polluted food (meat and/or vegetables) affected
by polluted water
• Consuming meat from animals fed with polluted water of
food affected by polluted water (e.g. vegetables irrigated
with polluted water or grown in an area with polluted
groundwater)
11. DISEASE
• The effects of water pollution may appear
immediately after exposure and be more or less
violent in the case of drinking water with a high
amount of pollutants. On the other hand, the
effects may appear some time after repetitive
exposure to water contaminated with lower
amounts of pollutants. The health effects of
drinking contaminated water may range from
simple intoxication and stomach aches to deadly
diseases or sudden death.
12.
13. WHAT IS AIR POLLUTANT?
•Any visible or invisible particle or gas found in the
air that is not part of the original, normal
composition.
14. Natural:forest fires, pollen, dust
storm
Unnatural: man-made; coal, wood
and other fuels used in cars, homes,
and factories for energy
15.
16. AQI: Air Quality Index
•Indicates whether pollutant levels in air may cause
health concerns.
•Ranges from 0 (least concern) to 500 (greatest
concern)
20. Sulfur Dioxide
•produced when coal and fuel oil
are burned
•present in power plant exhaust
•narrows the airway, causing
wheezing and shortness of
breath, especially in those with
asthma
21. Nitrogen Dioxide
•reddish, brown gas
•produced when nitric oxide
combines with oxygen in
the atmosphere
•present in car exhaust and
power plants
•affects lungs and causes
wheezing; increases chance
of respiratory infection
22. Particulate Matter
•particles of different sizes and
structures that are released into the
atmosphere
•present in many sources including
fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.
•can build up in respiratory system
•aggravates heart and lung disease;
increases risk of respiratory infection
23. Ground Level Ozone
•at upper level, ozone shields Earth from
sun’s harmful UV rays
•at ground level, ozone is harmful
pollutants
•formed from car, power and chemical
plant exhaust
•irritate respiratory system and asthma;
reduces lung function by inflaming and
damaging lining of lungs
24.
25.
26. •Combination of gases with water vapor
and dust
•Combination of words smoke and fog
•Forms when heat and sunlight react
gases (photochemical smog)
•Occurs often with heavy traffic,
high temperatures, and calm winds
27.
28. •Limits visibility
•Decreases UV radiation
•Yellow/black color over cities
•Causes respiratory problems and
bronchial related deaths
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36. Definition
Sound, a normal feature of our life, is the means of
communication and entertainment in most animals,
including human beings. It is also a very effective
alarm system. A low sound is pleasant whereas a
loud sound is unpleasant and is commonly referred
to as ‘noise’. Noise can be defined as an unpleasant
and unwanted sound.
37. WHAT IS NOISE POLLUTION?
Sound that is unwanted or disrupts one’s quality of life
is called as noise. When there is lot of noise in the
environment, it is termed as noise pollution.
Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the
normal activities such as working, sleeping, and during
conversations.
It is an underrated environmental problem because of
the fact that we can’t see, smell, or taste it.
World Health Organization stated that “Noise must be
recognized as a major threat to human well-being”
38. Sources of Noise Pollution
1. Transportation systems are the main source of noise
pollution in urban areas.
2. Construction of buildings, highways, and streets cause a
lot of noise, due to the usage of air compressors,
bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks, and pavement
breakers.
3. Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable
state of noise pollution.
4. Loud speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air
conditioners, fans, and vacuum cleaners add to the
existing noise pollution.
39. Effects of Noise Pollution
• Effects on Human
• Effects onAnimals
• Effects on Environment
• (Vegetation, Property)
40. Effects on Human
o Hearing Impairment
o Interference with Spoken
Communication
o Decrease in Efficiency
o Lack of Concentration
o Fatigue
o Sleep Disturbances
o Cardiovascular Disturbances
41. Continued……
• Disturbance in Mental Health
• Impaired Task Performance
• Negative Social Behavior and Annoyance
reactions
• Abortion
• Abnormal Fetus
• Temporary or Permanent Deafness
42. Diseases Caused by Noise Pollution
• High Blood Pressure
• HeartAttack
• Cancer
• Asthma
• Coughing, wheezing
• Deafness
• Annoyance
• Stress
• Anxiety
• Reduced lung development
• Bronchitis
• Insomnia
• Arterious Clerosis
43. Effect onAnimals
• Damages Nervous system
• Altering Prey/predator detection
• Creates problems in Navigation
• They become Dangerous andAttacking
• Raise Metabolism
• Reduction of useable Habitat
• Death of Certain Species
• Genetic and Evolutionary Problems
44. Continued…..
• Hormone imbalance
• Chronic Stress
• Panic and Escape Behavior
• Abandonment of Offspring
• Injury
• Loudness of Interspecies Communication
45. Effects on Environment
Breakage of Earth Barrier
Poor Quality of Crops
Damages Buildings, bridges andMonuments
Weakens the Edifice of Building
47. Definition
• Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials.
Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary
use, or it is worthless, defective and of no use.
• Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials
generated from combined residential, industrial and
commercial activities in a given area.
48. Sources Of Solid Waste
Residential
Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather, yard wastes,
wood, glass, metals, ashes, special wastes (e.g., bulky items, consumer
electronics, white goods, batteries, oil, tires), and household hazardous
wastes.).
Industrial
Housekeeping wastes, packaging, food wastes, construction and
demolition materials, hazardous wastes, ashes, special wastes.
Commercial
Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food wastes, glass, metals, special
wastes, hazardous wastes.
49. Institutional
Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food wastes, glass, metals, special
wastes, hazardous wastes.
Construction and demolition
Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, etc.
Municipal services
Street sweepings; landscape and tree trimmings; general wastes from
parks, beaches, and other recreational areas; sludge.
Process (manufacturing, etc.)
Industrial process wastes, scrap materials, off-specification products,
slay, tailings.
Agriculture
Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, hazardous wastes (e.g.,
pesticides).
50. Hazardous Wastes
Radioactive wastes, toxic chemicals. Flammable wastes, explosives,
hazardous biological wastes from hospitals or research institutions.
Pathological Wastes
Carcass of animals slaughter house wastes (blood, pieces of meat, hair,
fat, bone chippings, hides, skin excretions etc.
51. Effect of Solid Waste Disposal
1. Contaminates water and air, resulting into diseases and
dysentery in Human beings.
2. Mosquitoes breed in the stagnant water, blocked due to
waste choked in the drains.
3. Decomposition of solid waste spreads obnoxious odour
in the air, thus polluting it.
4. Burning of waste, especially plastic adds up obnoxious
fumes in the air.
5. Garbage dumps and decomposed waste helps many
harmful species to breed in them.
6. The infected water supply also leads to large scale
epidemics.
52. Methods of solid waste management
i. Sanitary Land Filling:
In a sanitary landfill, garbage is spread out in thin layers,
compacted and covered with clay or plastic foam. In the
modern landfills the bottom is covered with an impermeable
liner, usually several layers of clay, thick plastic and sand.
The liner protects the ground water from being contaminated
due to percolation of leachate.
ii. Incineration:
The term incinerates means to burn something until nothing
is left but ashes. An incinerator is a unit or facility used to
burn trash and other types of waste until it is reduced to ash.
53. iii. Composting:
Composting is a biological process in which micro-
organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, convert degradable
organic waste into humus like substance. This finished
product, which looks like soil, is high in carbon and nitrogen
and is an excellent medium for growing plants.
iv. Pyrolysis:
Pyrolysis is a form of incineration that chemically
decomposes organic materials by heat in the absence of
oxygen. Pyrolysis typically occurs under pressure and at
operating temperatures above 430 °C
54. THANKING YOU
P r e s e n t a t i o n C o m p i l e d B y : -
S u v a n k a r R a y
A s s t . P r o f e s s o r
M a n g a l a y a t a n U n i v e r s i t y