This document discusses a study on the determinants of unemployment among Malaysian graduates from 2012-2015. The study aims to investigate the level of soft skills, English proficiency, attitudes, and personal job fit of graduates and determine the factors that significantly contribute to unemployment. The conceptual framework examines English competency, negative attitude, lack of skills, and person-job, person-organization, and person-environment fit as independent variables influencing unemployment. A quantitative research methodology was used, collecting data through surveys from 193 graduates. Statistical analysis found English competency and personal-job fit were significant determinants of unemployment. The study provides recommendations for improving English skills and organizational job fit.

1. DETERMINANTS OF
UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG
MALAYSIAN GRADUATES
NADIA PARMILA YUNNUS (2012306681)
SUPERVISOR: DR. ABDUL KADIR OTHMAN

2. INTRODUCTION
Unemployment
(Dissanayake,
2011)
Unemployment
(Vijan 2007)
(Phang, 2006)
Lack of
Experience
Lack of English
Proficiency
Poor
Communication
Skills
Qualifications
not Relevant
Lack of Skills
Lack of English
Proficiency
Lack of
Communication
during interview
Lack of
Communication and
Presentation Skills
during interview

3. Unemployment problems among graduates
(2012-2015)
Unemployment among Malaysian Graduates ( 2012-2015)
Economic Recession caused of
Unemployment
(Norita, 2015 Department of
Statistics Malaysia)
What are the factor that most
influence Unemployment rate
among Malaysian graduates ( 2012-
2015)

4. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
1. To investigate the
level of soft skills,
English language
proficiency, attitude,
personal job fit
possessed by
Malasyian graduates.
2. To determine the
factors that
significantly
contributes to
unemployment
among UiTM
graduates in Malaysia.

5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the level soft
skills, English language
proficiency, the attitudes
and personal job fit
organization graduates?
2. What are the factors
that contribute to
unemployment among
graduates in Malaysia?

6. LITERATURE REVIEW
• Unemployed graduates: are among those who are willing to work
regularly but do not work either looking for work or not. (Noor Azina, 2011)
• English Language Competencies : In a scale of 0 to 12 for English language
users, the study says that increasing widespread use of English in Malaysia
significantly influence the characteristics of workers required by the
employer. (Lim,2011)
• Negative Attitudes : Bad attitude graduates by giving unrealistic salary
expectations will continue to increase the unemployment rate in Malaysia
(Sabrina, 2011)
• Person Job Fit : Person Job Fit is job matching between the person in the
organization and his or her demands for the job (Edwards, 1991)
• Person Organization Fit : Person Organization fit is a compatibility between
someone who work in the organization with his or her workplace,
emphasized the extend to those who shared similar characteristic and meet
their needs (Osaka, 2004; Kristof, 1996)
• Person Environment Fit : Person Environment fit can be defined as the
degree of congruence or significant between someone who work in
organization towards the environment (Osaka, 2004)

7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• English Language Competencies
• Negative Attitude
• Lack of Skills
• Person Job Fit
• Person Job Fit Organization
• Person Job Fit Environment
(Sabrina, 2011)
UNEMPLOYMENT
(Sabrina, 2011)
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Conceptual Framework of Unemployment among Graduates in Malaysia

8. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• Research Design:
*Quantitative Design
• Research Variables:
*English Language Competencies*Lack of Skills *Job Fit
*Personal Job Fit Organization *Personal Job Fit
Environment (IV)
*Unemployment among Graduates in Malaysia(DV)
• Sampling Frame:
*Graduates from various IPTS and IPTA
• Population:
*193 from 300 graduates
• Sampling Technique:
*Simple Random Technique
• Sample Size:
*Krejcie and Morgan (1970) – 165 employees
• Pilot Study:
*Distributed 30 questionnaires; all returned
• Unit of Analysis:
• *Graduates from various IPTS and IPTA
• Data Collection Procedure:
*google docs, Facebook and email.
• Statistical Analysis:
*Pearson Correlation
*Reliability Test
*Linear Regression and Cross tabulation
table

9. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN VARIABLES
VARIABLES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. English Proficiency 1.000
2. Negative Attitude .073 1.000
3. Personal Job Fit Organization -.108* -.407** 1.000
4. Personal Job Fit -.112* -.512** .824** 1.000
5. Personal Job Fit Environment -0.02 -.244** .736** .779** 1.000
6. Lack of Skills .007 .096 -.017 -.070 -.081 1.000
7. Race -.083 .047 -.131* -.112* -.138* -.028 1.000

10. RELIABILITIES OF THE STUDY CONSTRUCTS
Items No of Items Items deleted Cronbach's Alpha if
Item Deleted
English Proficiency 4 - 0.699
Negative Attitude 38 12 0.711
Personal Job Fit Organization 9 - 0.378
Personal Job Fit 12 - 0.358
Personal Job Fit Environment 5 - 0.328
Lack of Skills 11 - 0.662

11. NORMALITY RESULT
Cronbach's Alpha No of Items
0.927 71
Table 4.15: (Reliability Analysis for Pilot Test)
Table 4.16: (Reliability Analysis for Actual/ Full
Study)
Cronbach's Alpha No of Items
0.630 71

12. Summary of Hypotheses
Description of the Hyphotesis Remarks Beta Sig
H1 There is significant relationship between soft skills and Unemployment. Rejected 0.151 0.019
H2 There is significant relationship between English Language Competencies
and Unemployment.
Accepted 0.327 0
H3 There is positive relationship between Negatives Attitude and
Unemployment.
Rejected 0.178 0.127
H4 There is significant relationship between Personal Job Fit and
Unemployment.
Accepted -0.462 0.001
H5 There is significant relationship between Personal Job Fit Organization
and Unemployment
Accepted 0.327 0.003
H6 There is significant relationship between Personal Job Fit Environment
and Unemployment
Rejected -0.015 0.808

13. REGRESSION ANALYSIS
VARIABLES Std. Beta Sig.
Independent Variable
English Proficiency 0.151 0.019
Negative Attitude 0.327 0
Person Job Fit Organization 0.178 0.127
Personal Job Fit -0.462 0.001
Personal Job Fit Environment 0.327 0.003
Lack of Skills -0.015 0.808
R Square .266
Adjusted R Square .242
F 11.216
Sig 0.0000
There strong factor is Person –Job Fit and Unemployment
with (Beta = 0.462)

14. CROSSTABULATION TABLE
Education Level Duration Enemployed
Less 6 month less than 6
months
6 to 12 months 1 to 12 months 2 to 5 years Total
Diploma 9 15 1 0 25
36.00% 60.00% 4.00% 0.00% 100.00%
Degree 86 50 12 3 151
57.00% 33.10% 7.90% 2.00% 100.00%
Master 0 12 5 0 17
0.00% 70.60% 29.40% 0.00% 100.00%
TOTAL 95 77 18 3 193
49.20% 39.90% 9.30% 1.60% 100.00%
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 28.634a 6 0
Likelihood Ratio 34.182 6 0
Linear-by-Linear
Association
4.713 1 0.03
N of Valid Cases 193

15. RECOMMENDATION
• At the end of this study we found that there’s actually
three things need to be improve, which are the English
Competencies, The personal job fit in term of salary,
and the organization job fit in term of promotion.
• The managers can take this study as the guide for them
to improve their credibility as a manager. They can
focus on the salary matter and promotion matter to
discuss with the top management in their organization.
• Since English Proficiency is also giving positive result in
this study, this study suggest that, the lecturer can think
the other way on how to improve and practice the
English Language so that , once the students graduated,
they can find job easily.

16. RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE
RESEARCH
• To the researcher, in future they can do this
research and improve the result by using
respondents from every University in Malaysia. It
will takes time, but the result must be more
accurate since the researcher will get feedback
from all institutions in Malaysia.
• Researcher can do different time range and
economic situation for the causes of
Unemployment in Malaysia since the result would
be differ from year to year.

17. CONCLUSION
• The main aim of the current study was to investigate the
determinants of Unemployment among Malaysian graduates (
2012-2015)
• A usable 193 set of questionnaires was coded, entered into
SPSS to analyze the data using Pearson Correlation and
Regression Analysis
• The result showed that positive relationship existed between
overall three independent variables ( English Competencies,
Negative Attitude and Personal Job Fit)
• The findings of the present study also indicate that English
Competencies still the main factor that contributes to
Unemployment in Malaysia.

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