Chapter 2 discusses the development of the reproductive system, highlighting the roles of heredity and environment in shaping an individual's physical self. It covers the stages of life from fertilization to puberty, the characteristics of male and female reproductive organs, and common health issues related to the reproductive system. Additionally, the chapter emphasizes the impact of culture and media on body image and self-esteem.

1. UNPACKING THE
SELF
CHAPTER 2

3. I. Learning Objectives
1.Discuss the developmental aspect of the reproductive
system;
2.Describe the erogenous zones;
3.Explain human sexual behavior;
4.Characterize the diversity of sexual behavior; and
5.Describe sexually transmitted diseases; and
differentiate natural and artificial methods of
contraception.

4. Factors in the
Development of the
Physical Self

5. • The development of the individual is caused by two
interacting forces:
• Heredity (nature) is the transmission of traits or
characteristics from parents to offspring. It provides the
raw materials of which the individual is made up. Through
the genes, hereditary potentials like physical, mental,
social, emotional, and moral traits are passed down to
generations.
• Environment (nurture) is the sum total of the forces or
experiences that a person undergoes from conception to
old age. It also includes family, friends, school, nutrition,
and other agencies one is in contact with.

6. The Beginning of Life

7. LIFE BEGINS AT FERTILIZATION
Fertilization refers to the meeting of the female sex
cell and the male sex cell. These sex cells are
developed in the reproductive organs called gonads.
Gonads: Testes(male); Ovaries (female)
Gametes: Sperm cell(male); Egg cell(female)
The fertilized egg cell known as zygote contains all
the hereditary potentials from the parents. This
zygote goes to the uterus and continues to grow
during the gestation period of about 280 days or 36
weeks or 9 calendar months.

8. Marieb, E.N. (2001)
•Explains that the gonads (testes or ovaries)
begin to form until about eight week of
embryonic development. During the early
stages of human development, the
embryonic reproductive structures of males
and females are alike and are said to be in
the indifferent stage.

9. •The formation of male and female structures
depends on the presence of testosterone (primary
sex hormone: estrogen and progesterone, testosterone.)
•The embryonic testes release testosterone, and
the formation of the duct system and external
genitalia follows.
•In the case of female embryos that form ovaries,
it will cause the development of the female
ducts and external genitalia since testosterone
hormone is not produced.

10. MALE AND FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
ORGAN

11. MALE
(Ducts
system)

12. FEMALE

17. MENOPAUSE
•An entirely stop of ovulation and
menses, ending childbearing ability and
no longer experiencing menstruation in
females.
•There is no counterpart for menopause
in males. Healthy men are still able to
father offspring into their 80’s and
beyond.

18. STRANGE ABNORMALITIES:
•Gonads: Testes(male); Ovaries (female)
•Gametes: Sperm cell(male); Egg
cell(female)
I. PSEUDO HERMAPHRODITES- individuals
having accessory reproductive
structures that “do not match” their
gonads.

19. MALE PSEUDO
HERMAPHRODITISM
A genetic male develops the
female accessory structures in the
external genitalia because the
embryonic testes failed to
produce testosterone.

20. FEMALE PSEUDO
HERMAPHRODITISM
On the other hand, if a genetic
female is exposed to testosterone,
the embryo has ovaries but may
develop male accessory.

21. II. HERMAPHRODITES
The individuals who
possesses both ovarian and
testicular tissues, but this
condition is rare in nature.

23. PUBERTY

24. PUBERTY (10-15 years old)
•It is the period of life. When the
reproductive organ grow to their
adult size and become functional
under the influence of rising levels
of gonadal hormones.

25. CHANGES OCCURRING
DURING PUBERTY.

26. MALE
•Increase in the size of
reproductive organs
•Appearance of hair in pubic
area, axillary and face

27. FEMALE
•Budding of the breasts
•Menstrual period
•Ovulation and fertility

28. DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

29. VAGINAL INFECTIONS (FEMALE)
1. Those usual infections include those caused by
“Escherichia Coli (E. Coli)” which spread through
digestive tract.
•In females, E. coli is a common cause of urinary tract
infections (UTIs). It can enter the urinary tract through
the urethra, leading to infections that may cause
symptoms like frequent urination, burning sensation
during urination, cloudy urine, and pelvic pain.

30. 2. Yeast Infection (MALE AND FEMALE)
•Yeast is a vaginal infection is a
fungal infection that causes
irritation, discharge and intense
itchiness of the vagina and the vulva
(the tissues at the vaginal opening.)

32. Common
Inflammatory
Conditions

33. MALE
1. Prostatitis-
inflammation
of the prostate
gland.

34. Prostatitis

35. 2. Urethritis- inflammation
of the urethra, the tube that
carries pee from the bladder out
of the body. (male and female)

36. Urethritis

37. 3. Epididymitis- inflammation
(swelling and irritation) of the
epididymis, a tube at the back of
the testicle that carries sperm.
4. Orchitis-is an inflammation
of one or both testicles.

38. Epididymitis

40. NEOPLASM
•An abnormal mass of tissue that forms
when cells grow and divide more than
they should or do not die when they
should. Neoplasms may be benign (not
cancer) or malignant (cancer). Benign
neoplasms may grow large but do not
spread into, or invade, nearby tissues or
other parts of the body.

43. IMPACT OF CULTURE IN
BODY IMAGE AND SELF-
ESTEEM

44. •The media, people around us, and
popular culture all influence our body
image. ... Seeing these images over and
over again is linked to poor body
image and feelings that our own bodies
are not okay. These feelings can affect
your child's self-esteem and negatively
affect their mental health and wellbeing.

45. •The culture in which we are surrounded
by, has a significant impact on how we
feel about ourselves and the manner in
which we think about our body. Many
cultural traditions also contribute to
body image and can influence either
negative or positive body image and
self-esteem.

46. •Culture is just one factor. While
culture alone is not responsible for a
poor or negative body image, the
influence and potential in which it
can impact how a person feels
about themselves and their body are
substantial.

47. Factors influenced one’s body image
and self-esteem.
•one's parents,
•peers,
•culture/media; or
•one's past experiences.

48. THE IMPORTANCE OF
BEAUTY

49. •Beauty is the manifestation of love
in form.
•Physical attractiveness may be so
important to us because we
associate other positive qualities
with a pleasing appearance.