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The Physical and Sexual Self.pptx

The document explores human reproductive development, highlighting the stages from embryonic formation through puberty and the physiological changes associated with sexual response. It details various sexual behaviors, associated health issues like sexually transmitted diseases, and methods of contraception, both natural and artificial. Furthermore, it addresses the impact of infections on reproductive health as well as the physiological and psychological problems related to sexual function.

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The Physical and Sexual Self CHAPTER 2 LESSON 1
ABSTRACTION
Abstraction Marieb. E.N. (2001) explains that gonads begin to form until the eighth week of embryonic development. During the early stages of human development, embryonic reproductive structures of males and females are alike and said to be in indifferent stage.
Abstraction  The presence of male and female structures depends on the presence of testosterone.
Abstraction Any intervention with the normal pattern of sex hormone production in the embryo results in strange abnormalities.  Pseudo hermaphrodites are formed who are individuals having accessory reproductive structures that do not “match” their gonads while true hermaphrodites are individuals who passes both ovarian and testicular tissues but this condition in rare in nature.
Abstraction  Cryptorchidism is a condition usually occurs in young males and causes sterility.  Abnormal separation of chromosomes during meiosis can lead to congenital defects of the reproductive system.
Abstraction  Condition also affect males primarily such as phimosis, which is due to narrowing of the foreskin of the male reproductive structure and misplaced urethral openings.
Abstraction  Puberty is the period of life, generally between the ages of 10 to 15 years old, when the reproductive -organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones (testosterone on males and estrogen on females).
In males, as they reach the age of 13, puberty is characterized by the increased in the size of the reproductive organs followed by the appearance of hair in the public area, axillary, and face. Abstraction
In females, the budding of their breast usually occurring at the age of 11. Menarche is the first menstrual of females which happens two years after the start of puberty. Abstraction
Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System
Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System  Infections are most common problems associated with the reproductive system in adults, vaginal infections are more common in young and elderly women whose resistance to diseases are low.
Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System  Usual infections include those caused by Escherichia coli (E.coli) which spread through the digestive tract; the sexually transmitted microorganisms such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and herpes virus; and yeast infection (type of fungus).
Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System  In males, most common inflammatory conditions are prostatitis, urethritis, and epididymitis, all of which may follow sexual contacts in which Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) microorganisms are transmitted.
Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System  Orchiditis, or inflammation of the testes is rather uncommon but serious because it can cause sterility.  Neoplasm are major threat to reproductive organs. Tumors of the breasts and cervix are the most common reproductive cancers in adult females, and prostate cancer is a problem in adult male.
Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System  Menopause occurs when females no longer experience menstruation.  Production of estrogen may still continue after menopause but ovaries finally stop functioning as endocrine organs. Reproductive organs begin to atrophy when estrogen no longer released from the body.
Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System Consequences of having estrogen deficiency are:  vaginal infections become common,  vagina becomes dry,  mood changes,  intense vasodilation of skin’s blood vessels,  “hot flashes”,  gradual thinning of the skin,  loss of bone mass and slowly rising blood cholesterol levels.
Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System There is no counterpart for menopause in males. Although aging men show a steady decline in testosterone secretion, their reproductive capability seems unending.
Erogenous Zones
Erogenous Zones  refer to parts of the body that are primarily receptive and increase sexual arousal when touched in a sexual manner.
Erogenous Zones  some commonly known erogenous zones are the mouth, breast, genitals and anus. Other common areas of the body that can be aroused easily may include the neck, abdomen, and feet.
Females Males
Human Sexual Behavior
Human Sexual Behavior  According to Gebhard P.H. 2017, Human sexual behavior is defined as any activity – solitary, between two persons, or in a group- that induces arousal.
Human Sexual Behavior Types of Behavior The various type of HSB are usually classified on the gender and the number of participants. •Solitary behavior means only one is involve •Socio Sexual involving one or more individual - Heterosexual means Male and Female - Homo Sexual means Male and male, Female and Female
Types of Behavior 1. Solitary Behavior - Self-gratification is self-stimulation with the intention of causing sexual arousal and, generally sexual climax. It mostly takes place in private as an end in itself, but can also be done in a sociosexual relationship.
Types of Behavior - Majority of male and female have sexual fantasies while they practice sexual gratification.
Types of Behavior Example. Ideal sexual partners and activities that has not experienced and even might avoid in real life. - some adolescents become aggressive when they respond to stimuli that the rate of teenage pregnancy is increasing in our time.
Types of Behavior -The psychological significance of self- gratification lies in how the individual regards it.
Types of Behavior For some:  It is laden with guilt.  It is a release of tension with no emotional content.  It is also another source of pleasure to be enjoyed for its own sake.
Types of Behavior 2. Sociosexual Behavior - Heterosexual behavior is the greatest amount of sociosexual behavior that occurs between only one male and one female.
Types of Behavior - Petting differs from hugging, kissing, and generalized caresses of the clothed body to practice involving stimulation of the genitals.
Types of Behavior - Petting has been regarded as a near-universal human experience. - Coitus, the insertion of the male reproductive structure into the female reproductive organ. Viewed by society quite differently depending upon the marital status of the individuals.
Types of Behavior Types of Coitus • Premarital coitus – majority of human societies allow premarital coitus, at least under certain circumstances. In modern western society, it is most likely tolerated but not encouraged.
Types of Behavior • Marital coitus – in some societies, marital coitus is considered to be an obligation. • Extramarital coitus – involving wives is generally condemned and, if permitted, is allowed only under exceptional conditions or with specific persons.
Types of Behavior • Post marital coitus – is almost always ignored. Ex. coitus by separated, divorced and widowed persons. - There is a difficulty in enforcing abstinence among sexually experienced and usually older people for societies that try to confine coitus in married couples.
Physiology of Human Sexual Response
Physiology of Human Sexual Response - the human sexual response follows a pattern of sequential stages or phases when sexual activity is continued:
Excitement phase
Excitement phase -it is caused by increase in pulse and blood pressure; a sudden rise in blood supply to the surface of the body resulting in increased skin temperature, flushing, and swelling of all distensible body parts; (particularly noticeable in the male reproductive structure or the penis and female breasts)
Excitement phase -more rapid breathing, the secretion of genital fluids, vaginal expansion, and a general increase in muscle tension. -These symptoms of arousal eventually increase to a near maximal physiological level that leads to the next stage. (Flirting, teasing, foreplay)
Plateau phase
Plateau phase -it has multiple terms, coitus, intercourse, mating, love- making or generally knows as THE SEX. -it is generally a brief duration. If stimulation is continued orgasm usually occurs.
Sexual climax
Sexual climax -it is marked by a feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, and spams of the pelvic muscles causing contraction of the female reproductive organ and ejaculation by the male. It is characterized by involuntary vocalizations. (generally ejaculation for men, squirting for women)
Sexual climax -Sexual climax may last for a few seconds (normally not ever 10), after which the individual enters the resolution phase.
Resolution phase
Resolution phase -the last stage the refers to the return to a normal or subnormal physiological state. Both males and females has the same response sequence making the male to return normal even after the stimulation continues;
Resolution phase -but continued stimulation can produce additional orgasms in females. Females are physically capable of repeated orgasms without intervening “rest periods” required by males. (pillow talk; intimate conversation between lovers in bed before or after sex)
Nervous system problems
Nervous system problems  The entire nervous system plays a significant role during sexual response. In the presence of a stimulus, the efferent cerebrospinal nerves transmit the sensory messages to the brain. The brain will then interpret it and dictate what will be the immediate or appropriate response of the body.
Nervous system problems Hypothalamus and limbic system regulates the sexual response. Animal experiment shows that each individual has coded in its brain two sexual patterns, one for mounting (masculine) behavior and one for mounted (feminine) behavior.
Nervous system problems  Also, there is some reflex (not controlled by brain) sexual response. This reflex is mediated by the lowest spinal cord of the both male and female, but the brain can overrule and suppress such reflex activity of when an individual decides that a sexual response is socially in appropriate.
Sexual Problems
Sexual Problems Sexual Problems involved three categories Physiology, Psychological and Social in origin.
Sexual Problems  Physiology problems -the abnormal development of genitalia or that part of n europhysiology. -can be resolved through medication or surgery.  Psychological problems -comprise by far the largest category, they are socially induced inhibitions, maladaptive attitudes, ignorance and sexual myths held by society.
Sexual Problems  Premature emissions of semen -is a common problem especially to young males due to excessive tensions in a male who has been sexually deprived.  Erectile impotence -is almost always a psychological origin in males under 40; in older males. It is common problems and requires no therapy. -Causes: physical causes, fear of being impotent, self-perpetuating problem, disinterest in sexual partner, fatigue, distraction of nonsexual worries, Intoxication.
Sexual Problems  Erectile impotence - is almost always a psychological origin in males under 40; in older males. It is common problems and requires no therapy -Causes: physical causes, fear of being impotent, self-perpetuating problem, disinterest in sexual partner, fatigue, distraction of nonsexual worries, intoxication.  Ejaculatory impotence - the inability to ejaculate in coitus, is a common psychogenic origin
Sexual Problems  Vaginismus - is a strong spasm of the pelvic musculature constructing the female reproductive organ due to anti sexual conditioning or psychological trauma but this can be treated.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)  or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact.  The contact is usually vaginal, oral, and anal sex. But sometimes they can spread through other intimate physical contact. STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)  STDs are an important global health priority because of their devastating impact on women and infants and their inter- relationships with HIV/AIDS.  STDs and HIV are linked by biological interactions and because both infections occur in the same populations.  STDs lead to long-term health problems usually on woman and infants.
How does STD affect a woman?  Women often have more serious health problems from STIs than men.  Chlamydia and gonorrhea, left untreated, raise the risk of chronic pelvic pain and life-threatening ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia and gonorrhea also can cause infertility.
What are the symptoms of sexually diseases (STDs)?  Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina.  Sores or warts on the genital area Painful or frequent urination.  Itching and redness in the genital area.  Blisters or sores in or around the mouth.  Abdominal vaginal odor.  Anal itching, soreness, bleeding.  Abdominal pain.  Fever.
TYPES OF STDs
Chlamydia  is a common STD that can infect both men and women.  It can cause serious, permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system.  can also cause a potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy that occurs outside the womb).  caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis.
Gonorrhea  is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhea bacterium.
Gonorrhea  infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men.
Syphilis  is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause serious health problems if it is not treated.  cause of syphilis is a bacterium called Treponema pallidum.  most common way syphilis is spread is through contact with an infected person's sore during sexual activity.
Syphilis  The bacteria enter the body through minor cuts or abrasions in the skin or mucous membranes.  Syphilis is divided into stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary). There are different signs and symptoms associated with each stage.
Chancroid  is a bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with Haemophilus ducreyi.  It is characterized by painful necrotizing genital ulcers that may be accompanied by inguinal lymphadenopathy.  It is a highly contagious but curable disease.
HPV  It stands for Human Papillomavirus.  the most common sexually transmitted infection.  is usually harmless and goes away by itself, but some types can lead to cancer or genital warts.
Human Papillomavirus  you can get HPV by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus.  It is most commonly spread during vaginal or anal sex.  Anyone who is sexually active can get HPV, even if you have had sex with only one person.
Herpes Simplex Virus  also known as HSV, is an infection that causes herpes.  can appear in various parts of the body, most commonly on the genitals or mouth.
There are two types of the Herpes Simplex Virus:  HSV-1: primarily causes oral herpes, and is generally responsible for cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth and on the face.
There are two types of the Herpes Simplex Virus:  HSV-2: primarily causes genital herpes, and is generally responsible for genital herpes outbreaks.
Herpes Simplex Virus  The Herpes Simplex Virus is a contagious virus that can be transmitted from person to person through direct contact.
Herpes Simplex Virus  Children will often contract HSV-1 from early contact with an adult who has an infection. They then carry the virus with them for the rest of their lives.
Trichomonas Vaginalis  Trichomoniasis (or “trich”) is a very common sexually transmitted disease (STD).  It is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis.
Trichomonas Vaginalis  Although symptoms of the disease vary, most people who have the parasite cannot tell they are infected.
Natural and Artificial Methods of Contraception
Natural and Artificial Methods of Contraception Natural Method  no chemical or foreign body introduction into the human body.  used by people who are conscious of their religious belief.  cost – effective.
Natural Methods a. Abstinence  most effective natural birth control.  refraining from sexual intercourse. b. Calendar Method  also called as the rhythm method.  withholding from coitus during the days that the woman is fertile.
Natural Methods Abstinence Calendar Method
Natural Methods c. Basal Body Temperature (BBT)  enabling women to determine the fertile and infertile periods using a very accurate thermometer.  a woman’s body temperature rises slightly after ovulation at about half way through her menstrual cycle. d. Cervical Mucus Method  Avoiding coitus when the cervical mucus is copious and watery which means a woman is fertile.
Natural Methods Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Cervical Mucus Method
Natural Methods e. Symptothermal Method  a combination of the BBT method and the cervical mucus method. f. Ovulation Detection  uses an over-the-counter kit that requires the urine sample of the woman.  predict ovulation through the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH).
Natural Methods Symptothermal Method Ovulation Detection
Natural Methods g. Coitus Interruptus  a couple still goes on with coitus, but the man withdraws the moment he ejaculates.
Natural Methods Coitus Interruptus
Natural and Artificial Methods of Contraception Artificial Methods a. Oral Contraceptives  contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone that suppresses the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and LH to prevent ovulation. b. Transdermal Patch  contains both estrogen and progesterone  one patch every week for three weeks on the following areas: upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen, or buttocks.
Artificial Methods Oral Contraceptives Transdermal Patch
Artificial Methods c. Vaginal Ring  it surrounds the cervix and releases a combination of estrogen and progesterone.  inserted in the female reproductive organ for three weeks and then removed on the fourth week . d. Subdermal Implants  are two rod-like implants inserted under the skin of the female on the seventh day of her menstruation.  made with etonogestrel, desogestrel, and progestin.  last for three to five years.
Artificial Methods Vaginal Ring Subdermal Implants
Artificial Methods e. Hormonal Injection  contains medroxyprogesterone, given once every 12 weeks intramuscularly  causes changes in the endometrium and cervical mucus f. Intrauterine Device (IUD)  a small, T-shaped object containing progesterone that is inserted into the uterus  prevents fertilization by creating a local sterile inflammatory condition  effective for five to seven years
Artificial Methods Hormonal Injection Intrauterine Device
Artificial Methods g. Chemical Barriers  such as spermicides, vaginal gels and creams and glycerin films  kills sperm and lower the ph level of the female reproductive organ h. Diaphragm  a circular rubber disk that fits the cervix, and should be place before coitus  works better with spermicide  should remain in place for six hours after coitus
Artificial Methods Chemical Barriers Diaphragm
Artificial Methods i. Cervical Cap  made of soft rubber and fitted on the rim of the cervix.  could stay in place not more than 48 hours. j. Male Condoms  a latex or synthetic rubber sheath that is placed on the erect male reproductive organ before coitus.  can prevent STIs.
Artificial Methods Cervical Cap Male Condoms
Artificial Methods k. Female Condoms  made up of latex rubber sheaths that are pre- lubricated with spermicide.  usually bounded with two rings.
Artificial Methods l. Surgical Methods  in vasectomy, a small incision is made on each side of the scrotum, and the vas deferens is then tied, cauterized, cut, or plugged to block the passage of sperm.  in women, tubal ligation is performed after menstruation and before ovulation. It is done s all through a cutting, cauterizing, or blocking the fallopian tube to inhibit passage of both the sperm and the ovary.
Artificial Methods Female Condoms Surgical Methods
References  Erogenous Zones. 2017. University of California, Santa Barbara. Accessed October 11, 2017. http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/aricle/erogenous-zones.  Gebhard, Paul Henry. 2017. Human Sexual Behavior. Accessed October 11, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-sexual-behavior.  Marieb, Elaine. N. 2001. Essential of Human Anatomy and Physiology 6th Ed. Pearosns Education Asia Pte. Ltd. pp 504-507.  Natural and Artificial Methods of Contraception, 2017. Accessed October 11, 2017. https://nurselabs.com/family-planning-methods/.  Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance. 2016. U.S Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed October 11, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats16/CDC_2016_STDS_Report-for508WebSep21_2017_1644.pdf.  Sexually Transmitted Diseases-Specific Research. 2016. US National Institute of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Accessed October 11, 2017. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/std-research.
“ ” ALWAYS ASK FOR CONSENT AND PRACTICE SAFE SEX -EVERYONE

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The Physical and Sexual Self.pptx

  • 1.
    The Physical andSexual Self CHAPTER 2 LESSON 1
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    Abstraction Marieb. E.N. (2001) explainsthat gonads begin to form until the eighth week of embryonic development. During the early stages of human development, embryonic reproductive structures of males and females are alike and said to be in indifferent stage.
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    Abstraction  The presenceof male and female structures depends on the presence of testosterone.
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    Abstraction Any intervention withthe normal pattern of sex hormone production in the embryo results in strange abnormalities.  Pseudo hermaphrodites are formed who are individuals having accessory reproductive structures that do not “match” their gonads while true hermaphrodites are individuals who passes both ovarian and testicular tissues but this condition in rare in nature.
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    Abstraction  Cryptorchidism isa condition usually occurs in young males and causes sterility.  Abnormal separation of chromosomes during meiosis can lead to congenital defects of the reproductive system.
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    Abstraction  Condition alsoaffect males primarily such as phimosis, which is due to narrowing of the foreskin of the male reproductive structure and misplaced urethral openings.
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    Abstraction  Puberty isthe period of life, generally between the ages of 10 to 15 years old, when the reproductive -organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones (testosterone on males and estrogen on females).
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    In males, asthey reach the age of 13, puberty is characterized by the increased in the size of the reproductive organs followed by the appearance of hair in the public area, axillary, and face. Abstraction
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    In females, the buddingof their breast usually occurring at the age of 11. Menarche is the first menstrual of females which happens two years after the start of puberty. Abstraction
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    Diseases Associated withthe Reproductive System
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    Diseases Associated withthe Reproductive System  Infections are most common problems associated with the reproductive system in adults, vaginal infections are more common in young and elderly women whose resistance to diseases are low.
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    Diseases Associated withthe Reproductive System  Usual infections include those caused by Escherichia coli (E.coli) which spread through the digestive tract; the sexually transmitted microorganisms such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and herpes virus; and yeast infection (type of fungus).
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    Diseases Associated withthe Reproductive System  In males, most common inflammatory conditions are prostatitis, urethritis, and epididymitis, all of which may follow sexual contacts in which Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) microorganisms are transmitted.
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    Diseases Associated withthe Reproductive System  Orchiditis, or inflammation of the testes is rather uncommon but serious because it can cause sterility.  Neoplasm are major threat to reproductive organs. Tumors of the breasts and cervix are the most common reproductive cancers in adult females, and prostate cancer is a problem in adult male.
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    Diseases Associated withthe Reproductive System  Menopause occurs when females no longer experience menstruation.  Production of estrogen may still continue after menopause but ovaries finally stop functioning as endocrine organs. Reproductive organs begin to atrophy when estrogen no longer released from the body.
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    Diseases Associated withthe Reproductive System Consequences of having estrogen deficiency are:  vaginal infections become common,  vagina becomes dry,  mood changes,  intense vasodilation of skin’s blood vessels,  “hot flashes”,  gradual thinning of the skin,  loss of bone mass and slowly rising blood cholesterol levels.
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    Diseases Associated withthe Reproductive System There is no counterpart for menopause in males. Although aging men show a steady decline in testosterone secretion, their reproductive capability seems unending.
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    Erogenous Zones  referto parts of the body that are primarily receptive and increase sexual arousal when touched in a sexual manner.
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    Erogenous Zones  somecommonly known erogenous zones are the mouth, breast, genitals and anus. Other common areas of the body that can be aroused easily may include the neck, abdomen, and feet.
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    Human Sexual Behavior According to Gebhard P.H. 2017, Human sexual behavior is defined as any activity – solitary, between two persons, or in a group- that induces arousal.
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    Human Sexual Behavior Typesof Behavior The various type of HSB are usually classified on the gender and the number of participants. •Solitary behavior means only one is involve •Socio Sexual involving one or more individual - Heterosexual means Male and Female - Homo Sexual means Male and male, Female and Female
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    Types of Behavior 1.Solitary Behavior - Self-gratification is self-stimulation with the intention of causing sexual arousal and, generally sexual climax. It mostly takes place in private as an end in itself, but can also be done in a sociosexual relationship.
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    Types of Behavior -Majority of male and female have sexual fantasies while they practice sexual gratification.
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    Types of Behavior Example. Idealsexual partners and activities that has not experienced and even might avoid in real life. - some adolescents become aggressive when they respond to stimuli that the rate of teenage pregnancy is increasing in our time.
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    Types of Behavior -Thepsychological significance of self- gratification lies in how the individual regards it.
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    Types of Behavior Forsome:  It is laden with guilt.  It is a release of tension with no emotional content.  It is also another source of pleasure to be enjoyed for its own sake.
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    Types of Behavior 2.Sociosexual Behavior - Heterosexual behavior is the greatest amount of sociosexual behavior that occurs between only one male and one female.
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    Types of Behavior -Petting differs from hugging, kissing, and generalized caresses of the clothed body to practice involving stimulation of the genitals.
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    Types of Behavior -Petting has been regarded as a near-universal human experience. - Coitus, the insertion of the male reproductive structure into the female reproductive organ. Viewed by society quite differently depending upon the marital status of the individuals.
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    Types of Behavior Typesof Coitus • Premarital coitus – majority of human societies allow premarital coitus, at least under certain circumstances. In modern western society, it is most likely tolerated but not encouraged.
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    Types of Behavior •Marital coitus – in some societies, marital coitus is considered to be an obligation. • Extramarital coitus – involving wives is generally condemned and, if permitted, is allowed only under exceptional conditions or with specific persons.
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    Types of Behavior •Post marital coitus – is almost always ignored. Ex. coitus by separated, divorced and widowed persons. - There is a difficulty in enforcing abstinence among sexually experienced and usually older people for societies that try to confine coitus in married couples.
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    Physiology of HumanSexual Response
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    Physiology of HumanSexual Response - the human sexual response follows a pattern of sequential stages or phases when sexual activity is continued:
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    Excitement phase -it iscaused by increase in pulse and blood pressure; a sudden rise in blood supply to the surface of the body resulting in increased skin temperature, flushing, and swelling of all distensible body parts; (particularly noticeable in the male reproductive structure or the penis and female breasts)
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    Excitement phase -more rapidbreathing, the secretion of genital fluids, vaginal expansion, and a general increase in muscle tension. -These symptoms of arousal eventually increase to a near maximal physiological level that leads to the next stage. (Flirting, teasing, foreplay)
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    Plateau phase -it hasmultiple terms, coitus, intercourse, mating, love- making or generally knows as THE SEX. -it is generally a brief duration. If stimulation is continued orgasm usually occurs.
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    Sexual climax -it ismarked by a feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, and spams of the pelvic muscles causing contraction of the female reproductive organ and ejaculation by the male. It is characterized by involuntary vocalizations. (generally ejaculation for men, squirting for women)
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    Sexual climax -Sexual climaxmay last for a few seconds (normally not ever 10), after which the individual enters the resolution phase.
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    Resolution phase -the laststage the refers to the return to a normal or subnormal physiological state. Both males and females has the same response sequence making the male to return normal even after the stimulation continues;
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    Resolution phase -but continuedstimulation can produce additional orgasms in females. Females are physically capable of repeated orgasms without intervening “rest periods” required by males. (pillow talk; intimate conversation between lovers in bed before or after sex)
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    Nervous system problems The entire nervous system plays a significant role during sexual response. In the presence of a stimulus, the efferent cerebrospinal nerves transmit the sensory messages to the brain. The brain will then interpret it and dictate what will be the immediate or appropriate response of the body.
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    Nervous system problems Hypothalamus andlimbic system regulates the sexual response. Animal experiment shows that each individual has coded in its brain two sexual patterns, one for mounting (masculine) behavior and one for mounted (feminine) behavior.
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    Nervous system problems Also, there is some reflex (not controlled by brain) sexual response. This reflex is mediated by the lowest spinal cord of the both male and female, but the brain can overrule and suppress such reflex activity of when an individual decides that a sexual response is socially in appropriate.
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    Sexual Problems Sexual Problemsinvolved three categories Physiology, Psychological and Social in origin.
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    Sexual Problems  Physiologyproblems -the abnormal development of genitalia or that part of n europhysiology. -can be resolved through medication or surgery.  Psychological problems -comprise by far the largest category, they are socially induced inhibitions, maladaptive attitudes, ignorance and sexual myths held by society.
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    Sexual Problems  Prematureemissions of semen -is a common problem especially to young males due to excessive tensions in a male who has been sexually deprived.  Erectile impotence -is almost always a psychological origin in males under 40; in older males. It is common problems and requires no therapy. -Causes: physical causes, fear of being impotent, self-perpetuating problem, disinterest in sexual partner, fatigue, distraction of nonsexual worries, Intoxication.
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    Sexual Problems  Erectileimpotence - is almost always a psychological origin in males under 40; in older males. It is common problems and requires no therapy -Causes: physical causes, fear of being impotent, self-perpetuating problem, disinterest in sexual partner, fatigue, distraction of nonsexual worries, intoxication.  Ejaculatory impotence - the inability to ejaculate in coitus, is a common psychogenic origin
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    Sexual Problems  Vaginismus -is a strong spasm of the pelvic musculature constructing the female reproductive organ due to anti sexual conditioning or psychological trauma but this can be treated.
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    Sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)  or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact.  The contact is usually vaginal, oral, and anal sex. But sometimes they can spread through other intimate physical contact. STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
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    Sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)  STDs are an important global health priority because of their devastating impact on women and infants and their inter- relationships with HIV/AIDS.  STDs and HIV are linked by biological interactions and because both infections occur in the same populations.  STDs lead to long-term health problems usually on woman and infants.
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    How does STDaffect a woman?  Women often have more serious health problems from STIs than men.  Chlamydia and gonorrhea, left untreated, raise the risk of chronic pelvic pain and life-threatening ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia and gonorrhea also can cause infertility.
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    What are the symptomsof sexually diseases (STDs)?  Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina.  Sores or warts on the genital area Painful or frequent urination.  Itching and redness in the genital area.  Blisters or sores in or around the mouth.  Abdominal vaginal odor.  Anal itching, soreness, bleeding.  Abdominal pain.  Fever.
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    Chlamydia  is acommon STD that can infect both men and women.  It can cause serious, permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system.  can also cause a potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy that occurs outside the womb).  caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis.
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    Gonorrhea  is asexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhea bacterium.
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    Gonorrhea  infects themucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men.
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    Syphilis  is asexually transmitted infection that can cause serious health problems if it is not treated.  cause of syphilis is a bacterium called Treponema pallidum.  most common way syphilis is spread is through contact with an infected person's sore during sexual activity.
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    Syphilis  The bacteriaenter the body through minor cuts or abrasions in the skin or mucous membranes.  Syphilis is divided into stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary). There are different signs and symptoms associated with each stage.
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    Chancroid  is abacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with Haemophilus ducreyi.  It is characterized by painful necrotizing genital ulcers that may be accompanied by inguinal lymphadenopathy.  It is a highly contagious but curable disease.
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    HPV  It standsfor Human Papillomavirus.  the most common sexually transmitted infection.  is usually harmless and goes away by itself, but some types can lead to cancer or genital warts.
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    Human Papillomavirus  youcan get HPV by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus.  It is most commonly spread during vaginal or anal sex.  Anyone who is sexually active can get HPV, even if you have had sex with only one person.
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    Herpes Simplex Virus also known as HSV, is an infection that causes herpes.  can appear in various parts of the body, most commonly on the genitals or mouth.
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    There are twotypes of the Herpes Simplex Virus:  HSV-1: primarily causes oral herpes, and is generally responsible for cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth and on the face.
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    There are twotypes of the Herpes Simplex Virus:  HSV-2: primarily causes genital herpes, and is generally responsible for genital herpes outbreaks.
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    Herpes Simplex Virus The Herpes Simplex Virus is a contagious virus that can be transmitted from person to person through direct contact.
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    Herpes Simplex Virus Children will often contract HSV-1 from early contact with an adult who has an infection. They then carry the virus with them for the rest of their lives.
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    Trichomonas Vaginalis  Trichomoniasis(or “trich”) is a very common sexually transmitted disease (STD).  It is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis.
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    Trichomonas Vaginalis  Althoughsymptoms of the disease vary, most people who have the parasite cannot tell they are infected.
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    Natural and ArtificialMethods of Contraception
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    Natural and ArtificialMethods of Contraception Natural Method  no chemical or foreign body introduction into the human body.  used by people who are conscious of their religious belief.  cost – effective.
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    Natural Methods a. Abstinence most effective natural birth control.  refraining from sexual intercourse. b. Calendar Method  also called as the rhythm method.  withholding from coitus during the days that the woman is fertile.
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    Natural Methods c. BasalBody Temperature (BBT)  enabling women to determine the fertile and infertile periods using a very accurate thermometer.  a woman’s body temperature rises slightly after ovulation at about half way through her menstrual cycle. d. Cervical Mucus Method  Avoiding coitus when the cervical mucus is copious and watery which means a woman is fertile.
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    Natural Methods Basal BodyTemperature (BBT) Cervical Mucus Method
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    Natural Methods e. SymptothermalMethod  a combination of the BBT method and the cervical mucus method. f. Ovulation Detection  uses an over-the-counter kit that requires the urine sample of the woman.  predict ovulation through the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH).
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    Natural Methods g. CoitusInterruptus  a couple still goes on with coitus, but the man withdraws the moment he ejaculates.
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    Natural and ArtificialMethods of Contraception Artificial Methods a. Oral Contraceptives  contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone that suppresses the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and LH to prevent ovulation. b. Transdermal Patch  contains both estrogen and progesterone  one patch every week for three weeks on the following areas: upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen, or buttocks.
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    Artificial Methods c. VaginalRing  it surrounds the cervix and releases a combination of estrogen and progesterone.  inserted in the female reproductive organ for three weeks and then removed on the fourth week . d. Subdermal Implants  are two rod-like implants inserted under the skin of the female on the seventh day of her menstruation.  made with etonogestrel, desogestrel, and progestin.  last for three to five years.
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    Artificial Methods e. HormonalInjection  contains medroxyprogesterone, given once every 12 weeks intramuscularly  causes changes in the endometrium and cervical mucus f. Intrauterine Device (IUD)  a small, T-shaped object containing progesterone that is inserted into the uterus  prevents fertilization by creating a local sterile inflammatory condition  effective for five to seven years
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    Artificial Methods g. ChemicalBarriers  such as spermicides, vaginal gels and creams and glycerin films  kills sperm and lower the ph level of the female reproductive organ h. Diaphragm  a circular rubber disk that fits the cervix, and should be place before coitus  works better with spermicide  should remain in place for six hours after coitus
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    Artificial Methods i. CervicalCap  made of soft rubber and fitted on the rim of the cervix.  could stay in place not more than 48 hours. j. Male Condoms  a latex or synthetic rubber sheath that is placed on the erect male reproductive organ before coitus.  can prevent STIs.
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    Artificial Methods k. FemaleCondoms  made up of latex rubber sheaths that are pre- lubricated with spermicide.  usually bounded with two rings.
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    Artificial Methods l. SurgicalMethods  in vasectomy, a small incision is made on each side of the scrotum, and the vas deferens is then tied, cauterized, cut, or plugged to block the passage of sperm.  in women, tubal ligation is performed after menstruation and before ovulation. It is done s all through a cutting, cauterizing, or blocking the fallopian tube to inhibit passage of both the sperm and the ovary.
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    References  Erogenous Zones.2017. University of California, Santa Barbara. Accessed October 11, 2017. http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/aricle/erogenous-zones.  Gebhard, Paul Henry. 2017. Human Sexual Behavior. Accessed October 11, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-sexual-behavior.  Marieb, Elaine. N. 2001. Essential of Human Anatomy and Physiology 6th Ed. Pearosns Education Asia Pte. Ltd. pp 504-507.  Natural and Artificial Methods of Contraception, 2017. Accessed October 11, 2017. https://nurselabs.com/family-planning-methods/.  Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance. 2016. U.S Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed October 11, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats16/CDC_2016_STDS_Report-for508WebSep21_2017_1644.pdf.  Sexually Transmitted Diseases-Specific Research. 2016. US National Institute of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Accessed October 11, 2017. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/std-research.
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    “ ” ALWAYS ASK FORCONSENT AND PRACTICE SAFE SEX -EVERYONE