Understanding the Brain.pdf
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is associated with memory deficits and cognitive decline. It destroys neurons and their connections in the brain, especially in areas related to memory, language, and reasoning. This affects the brain in several ways: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles build up, inflammation occurs, and the brain shrinks due to loss of neurons. Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, but treatments can help symptoms during the mild to moderate stages by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine or reducing amyloid plaques.
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Alzheimers disease by Ritika soni
Ms. Ritika Soni presented on Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is a progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline. It was first described by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1906 from examining a patient with unusual brain abnormalities. The causes are not fully known but risk factors include age, family history, and head injuries. Diagnosis involves cognitive assessments and brain imaging. Currently, there is no cure, but medications and caregiving can temporarily improve symptoms.
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Alzheimer's disease causes abnormal deposits of proteins in the brain that form amyloid plaques and tau tangles. This affects neurons' ability to function and communicate and eventually causes them to die. The brain shrinks dramatically over time as nervous tissue is lost, damaging areas involved in thinking, planning, and remembering. Specifically, the hippocampus shrinks severely, affecting memory formation. Neurotransmitter levels also decrease in areas important for memory and learning.
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detail and complete study on the given topic under the guidance of faculty. the study will help to know the details on the given topic.
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It is caused by plaques and tangles that build up in the brain, killing brain cells. As more brain cells die, the parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language deteriorate. Symptoms usually start with mild memory loss but worsen to include problems with thinking, reasoning and communication. Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's but treatments can temporarily slow the worsening of symptoms and improve quality of life. Research continues to find better treatments and preventions for this disease.
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Alzheimer's disease is a causes a progressive loss of brain cells leading to memory loss. In this slide we will learn about its causes,symptoms, pathophysiology, treatment, medication and risk factors.
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia — a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function independently.
Symptoms: Amnesia; Dementia
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline. It was first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906 from examining brain tissue of a deceased patient. The causes are unknown but risk factors include age, family history, and head injuries. Pathologically, it involves the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain which destroy connections between neurons. There is no cure and the prognosis is a gradual worsening of symptoms ultimately leading to death, on average within 7-10 years of diagnosis.
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Alzheimers disease by Ritika soni
Ms. Ritika Soni presented on Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is a progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline. It was first described by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1906 from examining a patient with unusual brain abnormalities. The causes are not fully known but risk factors include age, family history, and head injuries. Diagnosis involves cognitive assessments and brain imaging. Currently, there is no cure, but medications and caregiving can temporarily improve symptoms.
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Alzheimers disease and its treatments
detail and complete study on the given topic under the guidance of faculty. the study will help to know the details on the given topic.
thank you :)
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It is caused by plaques and tangles that build up in the brain, killing brain cells. As more brain cells die, the parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language deteriorate. Symptoms usually start with mild memory loss but worsen to include problems with thinking, reasoning and communication. Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's but treatments can temporarily slow the worsening of symptoms and improve quality of life. Research continues to find better treatments and preventions for this disease.
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Alzheimer's disease is a causes a progressive loss of brain cells leading to memory loss. In this slide we will learn about its causes,symptoms, pathophysiology, treatment, medication and risk factors.
Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia — a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function independently.
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline. It was first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906 from examining brain tissue of a deceased patient. The causes are unknown but risk factors include age, family history, and head injuries. Pathologically, it involves the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain which destroy connections between neurons. There is no cure and the prognosis is a gradual worsening of symptoms ultimately leading to death, on average within 7-10 years of diagnosis.
Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that results in the degeneration and death of brain cells. It causes a continuous weakening of thinking, social, and behavioral skills that impair one's ability to function independently. The key symptoms are memory loss, as the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, areas important for memory and cognition, shrink and neurons stop communicating. As the disease progresses, it affects more areas of the brain and causes greater memory loss and inability to perform daily tasks and social behaviors. The worsening memory problems are caused by shrinking of the brain and loss of connections between neurons in areas crucial for forming, storing, and recalling memories.
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It is the most common cause of dementia among older adults. The main risk factor is increasing age, and it results from changes in the brain that affect memory, thinking, and behavior. Symptoms include memory loss and difficulties with problem-solving, planning, and language. It is caused by beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles that interfere with communication between brain cells. There is no cure for Alzheimer's, but treatments can temporarily slow the worsening of dementia symptoms.
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This document discusses Alzheimer's disease, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, risk factors, and current research. It notes that Alzheimer's results from the loss of neurons in the brain, leading to memory loss, thinking problems, and behavioral changes. Two abnormal lesions - beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles - are hallmarks of the disease. Risk factors include older age, family history, and certain genes. While there is no cure currently, lifestyle factors like exercise, diet, social activity, and mental stimulation may help reduce risk or slow progression.
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This document discusses Alzheimer's disease (AD), including its causes, symptoms, stages of progression, diagnosis, and treatment options. Some key points:
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- Symptoms progress from mild memory loss to severe cognitive impairment. Stages include mild, moderate and severe.
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The document discusses Alzheimer's disease and dementia. It defines Alzheimer's as a degenerative brain disease caused by complex brain changes that damage brain cells. Dementia can have various reversible causes while Alzheimer's is currently irreversible. The stages of Alzheimer's are described from mild to severe. Medical treatments aim to boost brain chemicals but do not stop decline. New treatments focus on amyloid plaques, tau tangles, inflammation and insulin resistance. Non-drug therapies aim to maintain cognitive function and quality of life.
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The document discusses Alzheimer's disease (AD), including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It provides details on:
- AD is characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that lead to nerve cell death. Genetic and lifestyle factors may contribute to causes.
- Symptoms progress from mild memory loss to severe cognitive decline and inability for self-care. Stages include mild, moderate, and severe.
- Diagnosis involves assessing cognitive impairment and ruling out other conditions. Imaging and neurological tests are also used.
- Current treatments aim to slow progression and manage symptoms. These include cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine which increase
Alzheimers presentation.docx
1) Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It was first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and is the most common form of dementia.
2) The disease is characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles that build up in the brain, resulting in the loss of connections between neurons and death of brain cells. This leads to the symptoms of impaired memory, thinking, and behavior.
3) While the causes of Alzheimer's are not fully known, genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. Risk increases significantly with age, though early-onset Alzheimer's can occur much earlier. There is currently no cure for the disease.
Alzheimers presentation.docx
This document discusses Alzheimer's disease, including its causes, symptoms, stages of progression, diagnosis, current treatments, and potential new treatments in development. Specifically, it describes how Alzheimer's is characterized by beta-amyloid plaque and tau protein tangle buildup in the brain, outlines the four stages of the disease and their symptoms, and discusses several FDA-approved medications commonly used to treat symptoms, including Aricept, Exelon, Razadyne, and Namenda. It also mentions two new compounds in clinical trials, a beta-secretase inhibitor and NIC5-15, that may help slow the disease's progression.
Alzheimer
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases and usually starts slowly and gets worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily life. The main risk factor is age, though genetic and lifestyle factors may also play a role. Symptoms include memory loss and difficulties with problem-solving, planning, and language. Currently, there is no cure, but treatments can help with cognitive and behavioral symptoms.
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The brain has greater plasticity when young, allowing children to more easily learn new skills. As we age, the brain becomes less plastic but more mature. Adolescents have underdeveloped regions controlling emotions. The aging brain sees shrinkage of the hippocampus and amygdala along with other changes, impacting functions like sleep, movement, and decision-making. Nutritional options like berries and fatty acids may help prevent or reverse some effects of aging on cognition and motor skills.
Alzheimer
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases and usually starts slowly and gets worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily life. The main risk factor is age, with most people over 65 affected, though early onset Alzheimer's can occur in people in their 40s and 50s. Symptoms include memory loss, problems with thinking and language, and behavioral changes. The cause is not fully understood but involves plaques and tangles that build up in the brain over many years due to genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. While there is no cure, current treatments can help manage symptoms.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline. It is the most common cause of dementia and starts mildly but gets worse over time as more parts of the brain are damaged. In 2010, around 4.7 million Americans aged 65 and older had Alzheimer's. The disease is caused by death of brain cells and formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which shrink the brain and impair communication between neurons. Risk factors include age, family history, genetics, and medical conditions that impact brain health. While there is no cure, current medications can temporarily improve cognitive symptoms.
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This document provides information about Alzheimer's disease, including what normal aging is, what Alzheimer's disease is, the stages of Alzheimer's, risk factors, diagnosis, treatments, and impact. It begins with defining normal age-related memory changes and clarifying that Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging. It then discusses what Alzheimer's disease is, how it affects the brain, symptoms, and the progression through mild, moderate, and severe stages. It covers genetic and lifestyle risk factors, the process of diagnosis, and current drug treatments. In closing, it outlines the significant toll and impact of Alzheimer's through statistics on prevalence, caregiver burden, and costs.
Major neuropathological conditions
This document summarizes several major neuropathological conditions:
- Brain tumors can be benign or cancerous and cause symptoms depending on the affected brain lobe. Treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy, and sometimes chemotherapy.
- Parkinson's disease results from cell death in the substantia nigra and involves motor and psychiatric symptoms. Treatment begins with L-DOPA but other therapies may be needed as the disease progresses.
- Seizures are generalized or partial and have several subtypes. They result from imbalances in brain cell excitation and inhibition.
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that destroys memory and cognitive skills. It is the most common cause of dementia among older adults. The disease is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that lead to loss of connections between neurons. This results in memory loss, problems with thinking and reasoning, and behavioral issues. A diagnosis involves medical exams, cognitive tests, and brain imaging to rule out other potential causes. While there is no cure, current treatments can temporarily slow the worsening of symptoms.
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that results in the degeneration and death of brain cells. It causes a continuous weakening of thinking, social, and behavioral skills that impair one's ability to function independently. The key symptoms are memory loss, as the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, areas important for memory and cognition, shrink and neurons stop communicating. As the disease progresses, it affects more areas of the brain and causes greater memory loss and inability to perform daily tasks and social behaviors. The worsening memory problems are caused by shrinking of the brain and loss of connections between neurons in areas crucial for forming, storing, and recalling memories.
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The document discusses Alzheimer's disease (AD), including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It provides details on:
- AD is characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that lead to nerve cell death. Genetic and lifestyle factors may contribute to causes.
- Symptoms progress from mild memory loss to severe cognitive decline and inability for self-care. Stages include mild, moderate, and severe.
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1) Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It was first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and is the most common form of dementia.
2) The disease is characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles that build up in the brain, resulting in the loss of connections between neurons and death of brain cells. This leads to the symptoms of impaired memory, thinking, and behavior.
3) While the causes of Alzheimer's are not fully known, genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. Risk increases significantly with age, though early-onset Alzheimer's can occur much earlier. There is currently no cure for the disease.
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This document discusses Alzheimer's disease, including its causes, symptoms, stages of progression, diagnosis, current treatments, and potential new treatments in development. Specifically, it describes how Alzheimer's is characterized by beta-amyloid plaque and tau protein tangle buildup in the brain, outlines the four stages of the disease and their symptoms, and discusses several FDA-approved medications commonly used to treat symptoms, including Aricept, Exelon, Razadyne, and Namenda. It also mentions two new compounds in clinical trials, a beta-secretase inhibitor and NIC5-15, that may help slow the disease's progression.
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases and usually starts slowly and gets worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily life. The main risk factor is age, though genetic and lifestyle factors may also play a role. Symptoms include memory loss and difficulties with problem-solving, planning, and language. Currently, there is no cure, but treatments can help with cognitive and behavioral symptoms.
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The brain has greater plasticity when young, allowing children to more easily learn new skills. As we age, the brain becomes less plastic but more mature. Adolescents have underdeveloped regions controlling emotions. The aging brain sees shrinkage of the hippocampus and amygdala along with other changes, impacting functions like sleep, movement, and decision-making. Nutritional options like berries and fatty acids may help prevent or reverse some effects of aging on cognition and motor skills.
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases and usually starts slowly and gets worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily life. The main risk factor is age, with most people over 65 affected, though early onset Alzheimer's can occur in people in their 40s and 50s. Symptoms include memory loss, problems with thinking and language, and behavioral changes. The cause is not fully understood but involves plaques and tangles that build up in the brain over many years due to genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. While there is no cure, current treatments can help manage symptoms.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline. It is the most common cause of dementia and starts mildly but gets worse over time as more parts of the brain are damaged. In 2010, around 4.7 million Americans aged 65 and older had Alzheimer's. The disease is caused by death of brain cells and formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which shrink the brain and impair communication between neurons. Risk factors include age, family history, genetics, and medical conditions that impact brain health. While there is no cure, current medications can temporarily improve cognitive symptoms.
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Major neuropathological conditions
This document summarizes several major neuropathological conditions:
- Brain tumors can be benign or cancerous and cause symptoms depending on the affected brain lobe. Treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy, and sometimes chemotherapy.
- Parkinson's disease results from cell death in the substantia nigra and involves motor and psychiatric symptoms. Treatment begins with L-DOPA but other therapies may be needed as the disease progresses.
- Seizures are generalized or partial and have several subtypes. They result from imbalances in brain cell excitation and inhibition.
- Alzheimer's disease causes progressive brain cell death and shrinkage. It involves memory loss and other cognitive declines. Risk increases with age and plaques and tangles
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that destroys memory and cognitive skills. It is the most common cause of dementia among older adults. The disease is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that lead to loss of connections between neurons. This results in memory loss, problems with thinking and reasoning, and behavioral issues. A diagnosis involves medical exams, cognitive tests, and brain imaging to rule out other potential causes. While there is no cure, current treatments can temporarily slow the worsening of symptoms.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE.pptx
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder that causes atrophy of brain cells, leading it to cell death. it is degenerative and progressive illness. Increase in age with sedentary lifestyle and lack of brain storming activities are indirectly leading to mental disorders with cognitive disruptions like dementia and lading up into Alzheimer's, which makes life miserable of client due to dependency. It is essential to keep the elderly active physiologically as well as psychologically. Statistical data of several studies shows the rise in the cases of Alzheimer's disease, which is the highlighting point of concern. Due to increased digitalization and decreased socialization among the human species throughout globe is leading to increased in risk of getting cognitive deficits.
A class slide of ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE.pptx
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual loss of cognitive function and behavioral changes. It is caused by plaques and tangles in the brain that damage and destroy neurons. Risk factors include increasing age, family history, and medical conditions. Symptoms worsen over time from mild memory loss to severe brain damage. Management focuses on treating symptoms and providing supportive care, as there is no cure currently. Nursing care involves safety measures, promoting independence, and managing behaviors.
Final project.pdf
The document discusses the neurobiology of dementia by focusing on Bruce Willis' diagnosis. It defines dementia as the progressive decline of cognitive functions like memory and behavior. Dementia is primarily caused by neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease which involve the loss of brain cells and accumulation of abnormal proteins. This disrupts neuronal communication and leads to cognitive impairment. Dementia affects various brain regions responsible for memory, judgment, and behavior, resulting in memory loss and changes in functioning. Progressive brain atrophy is also commonly observed in dementia patients.
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. It results from abnormal buildup of proteins in the brain that cause nerve cell death. Risk increases with age and family history. Symptoms start with mild memory loss and worsen over time, eventually causing severe brain damage. The only way to definitively diagnose is through brain autopsy. Currently, there is no cure and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing progression.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Recently uploaded (20)
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
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The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
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Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
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Understanding the Brain.pdf
- 1. Alzheimer's Disease Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life
- 2. Alzheimer's Disease progressive neurodegenerative disease most often associated with memory deficits and cognitive decline is a … https://www.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/inline- images/brain_slices_alzheimers_0.jpg
- 4. Brain of Alzheimer's Disease https://www.iona.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/alzheimers-brain.jpg
- 5. Alzheimer's Disease shrinks to some degree healthy aging Damage widespread lose neurons not that much many neurons stop functioning
- 6. Alzheimer’s disease affect the brain destroys neurons and their connections in brain affects areas in the cerebral cortex loses ability to live and function independently Fatal! memory (entorhinal cortex and hippocampus) language, reasoning, and social behavior
- 7. Determining the function and survival of neurons communication metabolism repair remodeling regeneration https://i0.wp.com/knowingneurons.com/wp- content/uploads/2018/01/NeuralCommunication- 01.png?resize=1024%2C445&ssl=1 https://www.amsbio.com/wp//wp- content/uploads/2022/05/metabolism-featured-image- correct-size.png Crucial for learning, memory, and possibly brain repair.
- 8. main characteristics of the brain with Alzheimer’s
- 9. Amyloid plaques Ø beta-amyloid protein Ø several different molecular forms Ø collect between neurons Ø breakdown of a larger protein(amyloid precursor protein) Ø disrupt cell function https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/n7-mcnn/7bcc9724adf7b803/uploads/2016/03/healthy-brain-and-alzheimers-brain-16x9.jpg
- 10. Neurofibrillary tangles Ø abnormal accumulations of a protein(tau) collect inside neurons https://www.brightfocus.org/sites/default/files/2022-04/normal_vs_alzheimers_brain.jpeg 1. tau detach from microtubules 2. stick to other tau molecules 3. forming threads 4. form tangles inside neurons 5. block the neuron’s transport system 6. harms the synaptic communication between neurons
- 11. Chronic inflammation Ø may be caused by the buildup of glial cells Ø microglia fail to clear away waste, debris, and protein collections(beta-amyloid plaques…)
- 12. Vascular contributions eg. beta-amyloid deposits in brain arteries, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and mini- strokes Lead to a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier prevents glucose from reaching the brain prevents the clearing away of toxic beta- amyloid and tau proteins Inflammation! reduced blood flow and oxygen to the brain
- 13. brain atrophy connections between networks of neurons may break down many brain regions begin to shrink brain atrophy is widespreadà loss of brain volume. neurons are injured and die https://www.mayoclinic.org/-/media/kcms/gbs/patient-consumer/images/2014/03/27/09/38/r7_brainatrophyalz.jpg
- 15. Treatments Cholinesterase inhibitors Memantine Aducanumab (Aduhelm) Lecanemab Ø preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine Ø for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s Ø for moderate to severe Alzheimer’s Ø not widely used Ø immunotherapy used Ø protein beta-amyloid à reduce amyloid plaques
- 16. ● After taking this course, I know some organ more than past. doing this assignment also let me have chance to search data of Alzheimer’s disease, which is a commonly seen disease in our life. Also, it could be an extension of week3.
- 17. References ● https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers- disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447 ● https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers- disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350453 ● https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk- factors/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease ● https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-symptoms-and- diagnosis/what-are-signs-alzheimers-disease
- 18. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik Thanks!