Gemstones form through natural geological processes and are found in primary deposits where they are originally formed or secondary deposits where they have been transported by wind, water or other means. Gemstone mining involves complex surface and underground extraction methods depending on the stone and deposit type. Precious gemstones like diamonds, rubies and emeralds are rare, highly valued and expensive, while semi-precious stones such as amethyst, citrine and jade are increasingly popular in jewelry.

1. UNDERSTANDING
GEMSTONES

2. UNDERSTANDING
GEMSTONES
“Nature’s brilliance at its artistic best”
Gemstones are undeniably the most beautiful creations of the
mother Earth. Let us understand some precious and semi-precious
gemstones and their mining.

3. MINING
Gemstones develop in large group of occurrences. Gemstone mining
companies find the original locations of these occurrences, which is known
as primary deposits.
The secondary deposits are the gems which are found when they have
been transported by wind, rain and flowing water.
The deposits created by water are known as marine deposits, Aeolian by
air and fluvial deposits by river.
The distribution of gemstones is quite irregular and the yield is generally
low.

4. MINING METHODS
 Gemstone mining is not an easy process, its complex, tedious and
time-consuming. Different countries use different methods of
mining. Its also depends heavily on the type of gemstone and
deposits found.
 The process of finding the deposits is a task in itself. Highly
systematic and technical systems are used therefore mining is
generally quite costly.
 There are two types of mining : Surface Mining, Underground
Mining

5. SURFACE MINING
 The stones are extracted from the
surface of the land.
 Different methods involved in surface
mining are :
1. River Panning
2. Hydraulic Mining
3. Open Pit Mining
4. Mountain Top Removal Mining
5. Quarrying

6. UNDERGROUND MINING
 When enough results are not found during
surface mining, then underground mining
methods are applied.
 These methods are generally used in case
of precious gemstones.
1. Borehole Mining
2. Shaft Mining
3. Drift Mining
4. Hard Rock Mining
5. Slope Mining

7. PRECIOUS GEMSTONES
 These are Diamond, Ruby,
Sapphires and Emeralds.
 These stones are famous since
time immemorial and are highly
valued and priced.
 As they are rare and highly
priced, they are known as
precious.

8. SEMI-PRECIOUS GEMSTONE
 Semi-precious stones are gaining a lot of
importance and highly used in jewellery
making. Jewellery manufactures in India and
across the world are increasingly including
these glittering beauties in their jewellery
 Some of them are:
1. Amethyst
2. Citrine
3. Peridot
4. Jade
5. Opal
6. Aquamarine
7. Topaz

9. KGK enjoys a bright legacy built on precious and semi-
precious gemstones. They have a wide range of stones in
different colours, shapes and sizes.
Learn more about gemstones at KGK http://www.kgkgroup.com/
Phone: 091666 68735
Mail: info@kgkgroup.com