Understanding and using while in c++
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This document discusses loops in C++. It defines loops as blocks of code that repeat execution. There are several types of loops: while loops, for loops, do-while loops, and nested loops. The while loop repeats a statement or block of code as long as a condition is true. An example shows a while loop that prints out a 5x multiplication table. The flow chart demonstrates that if the while loop condition is false, it will skip to the end, but if true, it will repeat until the condition is met.
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Overview:
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Program Description:
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Analysis:
I will use sequential, selection and repetition programming statements.
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Input
Expected Output
1
value=1
value=1
value=1
value=0
value=1
value=2
value=0
value=1
value=3
value=2
Sum = 12
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value=100
value=100
value=100
value=100
value=200
value=200
value=200
value=200
value=200
Sum = 1200
Sum is over 1000.
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value=200
value=100
value=0
value=200
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// Declare variables
Declare count, value, sum as Integer
//Initialize Counter, Sum to 0
Set count=0
Set sum = 0
// Loop through 10 integers
While count < 10
Print “Enter an Integer”
Input value
sum = sum + value
count=count+1
End While
// Print results and messages
Print “Sum is “ + sum
If (sum > 1000)
Printf “Sum is over 1000”
End if
Flow Chart:
C Code
The following is the C Code that will compile in execute in the online compilers.
// C code
// This program will calculate the sum of 10 integers.
// Developer: Faculty CMIS102
// Date: Jan 31, 2014
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
/* variable definition: */
int count, value, sum;
/* Initialize count and sum */
count = 0;
sum = 0;
// Loop through to input values
while (count < 10)
{
printf("Enter an Integer\n");
scanf("%d", &value);
sum = sum + value;
count = count + 1;
}
printf("Sum is %d\n " , sum );
if (sum >1000)
printf("Sum is over 1000\n");
return 0;
}
Setting up the code and the input parameters in ideone.com:
Note the input integer.
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Loops
This document discusses loops in C++ programming. It defines while, for, and do-while loops and how each one works. It also describes loop control statements like break, continue, and goto that change the normal execution of loops. Finally, it provides an example of an infinite loop in C++ using a for loop without a conditional expression to repeat indefinitely.
Repetition Control and IO ErrorsPlease note that the mate.docx
Repetition Control and I/O Errors
Please note that the material on this website is not intended to be exhaustive.
This is intended as a summary and supplementary material to required textbook.
INTRODUCTION
Repetition control (also called loop control or just looping) is widely used in programming to reduce the
amount of simple sequential statements. File I/O errors are encountered when inputs (both file input and
user input) are not what the program expected.
THE while LOOP
With all looping mechanisms we will have a block of code (enclosed in curly braces) within the loop.
This block of code is called the body of the loop. The intention of the loop is to execute the same block
of code repetitively. Looping obviates the need to write overlong programs with the same statements
executed sequentially.
Some caution must be exercised when using the while loop, and these cautions all relate to the use of the
loop control variable or condition. The while loop has the following form:
while (loop_control_condition_is_true) {
// the statements in the body of the loop go
// here
}
Note that there is no semicolon (;) at the end of the loop block and that the body of the loop is contained
within curly braces. Note further the loop control condition is always evaluated at the top of the loop.
The number of times that the loop body is executed is determined by the use of the loop control
condition, which is a logical expression that must evaluate to true or to false. The loop body may be
executed 0 or more times. For instance, the body of the loop is not executed at all if the loop control
condition evaluates to false when the loop is encountered in your program. Usually, however, we want
the loop to execute at least once. If so, that brings us to the first important caution:
If you want the loop body to execute at least once, you must ensure that the loop control condition
evaluates to true when the while loop is encountered in your program. For example:
bool cond = true;
...
while (cond) {
...
}
Once we are sure that the loop body will execute at least once, we have to pay attention to the second
caution:
If you want to avoid an infinite loop (where the loop is never exited) you must ensure that the loop
control condition is made to evaluate false at some point within the body of the loop. For example:
const int MAX = 1000;
int i = 0;
...
while (i < MAX) {
...
i++;
}
The loop control condition can be a simple logical expression, or it can be a fairly complicated one. For
instance:
while (((i < MAX) && cond) || keep_going) ...
Using the KISS principle (Keep It Simple, Smarty) it is always advisable to keep the loop control
condition as simple as possible.
Some programmers are purists about loop control conditions, and believe the while loop should never be
exited except at the top of the loop (when the loop control condition becomes false). C++, however, has
two statemen ...
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- 1. Loops Understanding and using while in C++ Name: Mohana Helal Almuqati Student ID:214371630 Eng. Ibrahim Aladini
- 2. Loops definition O These are used to repeat a block of code. It is the ability to have a program execute a block of code many times.
- 3. Loops Types O While loop. O For loop. O Do..while loop. O Nested loops.
- 4. While loop O It repeats a statement or multi statements as long as the condition is true. O Here is the syntax of a while loop:
- 5. Flow Chart (While Loop) The point is that if the while loop condition Is tested as false. The program will skip to the end. However, if it’s true, the condition will repeat until the condition is met.
- 6. Ex: Multiplication table using while loop (5)
- 7. Ex: Multiplication table using while loop (5) So, The program will start multiplying on (5): 1x5=? 6x5=? 11x5=? 2x5= ? 7x5=? 12x5=? 3x5=? 8x5=? 4x5=? 9x5=? 5x5=? 10x5=?
- 8. References: O http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/less on3.html O https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/c pp_loop_types.htm O https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/c pp_while_loop.htm O http://cpp.sh/5nqe