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For abstract and details: https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2016AM/webprogram/Paper284916.html
For more on these topics: www.robynmdahl.com/blog
This presentation was prepared for the 2020 APS March Meeting. It discusses the current representation of women in the physics field, and the the challenges that women face in doctoral programs and the workplace.
Underrepresented API Populations in Higher EducationRPM Consulting
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This presentation was prepared for the 2020 APS March Meeting. It discusses the current representation of women in the physics field, and the the challenges that women face in doctoral programs and the workplace.
Underrepresented API Populations in Higher EducationRPM Consulting
Presentation to members of the CA Assembly Select Committee on the Status of Boys and Men of Color on June 19, 2014 at the Hiram W. Johnson State Building, San Francisco.
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"Underrepresented" is not just a buzzword: A closer look at the lack of ethnic and racial diversity in the geosciences and potential solutions
1. “UNDERREPRESENTED”
IS NOT JUST A
BUZZWORD:
A c l o s e r l o o k a t t h e l a c k o f
e t h n i c & r a c i a l d i v e r s i t y i n
t h e g e o s c i e n c e s a n d
p o t e n t i a l s o l u t i o n s
R O B Y N M I E K O D A H L , K Y L I E C A E S A R & M A R Y D R O S E R
D E P T. O F E A R T H S C I E N C E S
U C R I V E R S I D E
2. UNDERREPRESENTED
What does it mean to be an underrepresented minority (URM) within the
geosciences (and/or STEM)?
• ”Women, persons with disabilities, and three racial and ethnic groups—
blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians or Alaska Natives—are
considered underrepresented in S&E. They constitute disproportionately
smaller percentages of S&E degree recipients and of employed
scientists and engineers than they do the rest of the U.S. population.” –
NSF, 2015
• While Asians are not underrepresented in STEM, we include this group
in our analysis of ethnic & racial diversity within the geosciences
• Racial & ethnic groups used in this study: Hispanic or Latino, African
American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian
3. NATIONAL DEMOGRAPHICS
CURRENT SNAPSHOT & PROJECTIONS
Source: Pew Research Center, 2016
US Census Bureau, 2016
In 2015
• White (not Hispanic or Latino) 61.6%
• African American 13.3%
• Hispanic or Latino 17.6%
• American Indian or Native Alaskan 1.2%
• Asian 5.6%
Hispanic/Latino has been the fastest growing
group
Asian projected to outpace Hispanic/Latino in
the coming decades
4. NATIONAL DEMOGRAPHICS
CURRENT SNAPSHOT & PROJECTIONS
Source: Pew Research Center, 2016
In 2012, URM+API students comprised 40% all college students
College enrollment is shifting to better reflect the nation, but we aren’t there yet
Large disparity in graduation rates (enrollment =/= graduation)
5. GEOSCIENCE DEMOGRAPHICS
DATA SOURCES
• Earned geoscience degrees: Bachelor’s, Master’s, PhD
• NSF Science & Engineering Indicators Report
• American Geosciences Institute (AGI)
• Geoscience faculty
• Estimate from National Center for Education Statistics?
• Estimate from NSF Science & Engineering Indicators Report?
• AGI?
• Workforce
• NSF Science & Engineering Indicators Report
• AGI
6. GEOSCIENCE DEMOGRAPHICS
Average Number of Earth Sciences Degrees Awarded per year:
Bachelor’s Master’s PhD
Total 3686 1310 443
White or Caucasian (not
Hispanic)
3057 956 249
Asian or Pacific Islander 100 25 11
Black or African American 61 19 4
Hispanic 163 42 10
American Indian or Alaska
Native
29 9 1
Other 276 260 160
Source: NSF S&E Indicators 2000-2013
US Census Bureau, 2010
8. RETENTION VS. ATTRITION
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
9.27%
7.12% 6.01%
8.36%
6.78%
3.32%
8.19%
4.81%
3.35%
0.66%
0.42%
0.32%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
24%
26%
BACH EL O R'S MAS TER'S P H D
PERCENTAGE OF S&E DEGREES AWARDED TO
URM STUDENTS
Asian American or Asian
African American or Black
26.48
%
19.13
%
13.00
% Source: NSF S&E Indicators 2000-2013
US Census Bureau, 2010
From 2000-2013, URM+API
students accounted for 26.48%
of Bachelor’s degrees awarded
in S&E
URM Bachelor’s awardees are
represented at about half the
share “expected” from national
demographics
Through higher degree levels,
URM+API students experience
high rates of attrition
Note: within S&E, API students are
overrepresented compared to
national demographics (5.6% in
2015)
9. RETENTION VS. ATTRITION
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
8.60%
4.93% 4.86%
5.47%
2.70%
1.72%
5.93%
3.39%
2.33%
0.61%
0.38%
0.22%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
BACHELOR'S MASTER'S PHD
PERCENTAGE OF PS DEGREES AWARDED TO
URM STUDENTS
Asian American or Asian
African American or Black
20.61
%
11.4% 9.13%
From 2000-2013, URM+API
students accounted for
20.61% of Bachelor’s degrees
awarded in Physical Sciences
Lower representation with
similar attrition within
Physical Sciences, compared
to S&E
Note: API students are
overrepresented compared to
national demographics at
Bachelor’s but slightly
underrepresented at higher
degrees
Source: NSF S&E Indicators 2000-2013
US Census Bureau, 2010
10. RETENTION VS. ATTRITION
EARTH SCIENCES
2.63%
1.87%
2.47%
1.63%
1.40%
0.84%
4.25%
3.11%
2.13%
0.79%
0.65%
0.33%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
BACHELOR'S MASTER'S PHD
PERCENTAGE OF ES DEGREES AWARDED TO
URM STUDENTS
Asian American or Asian
African American or Black
9.3% 7.03% 7.57%
Source: NSF S&E Indicators 2000-2013
US Census Bureau, 2010
From 2000-2013, URM+API
students accounted for 9.3%
of Bachelor’s degrees
awarded in Earth Sciences
Lower representation with
lower attrition within Earth
Sciences, compared to
Physical Sciences and S&E
API are underrepresented in
Earth Sciences, unlike in
Physical Sciences and S&E
12. NATIONAL DEMOGRAPHICS
RACE/ETHNICITY OF COLLEGE FACULTY
Source: NCES, 2015
“In fall 2013, there were 1.5 million faculty in degree-granting postsecondary institutions: 51 percent
were full-time and 49 percent were part-time.”
“Among full-time professors, 84 percent were White (58 percent were White males and 26 percent
were White females), 4 percent were Black, 3 percent were Hispanic, and 9 percent were
Asian/Pacific Islander. Making up less than 1 percent each were professors who were American
Indian/Alaska Native and of Two or more races.”
13. COLLEGE FACULTY
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2008
All Physical Sciences
Faculty
White Asian or Pacific Islander URM
From 1973-2013, the share of
URM+API has grown to represent:
• 23.6% of all Physical Sciences
faculty
• 20.7% of full time Physical
Sciences faculty
Better representation than college
faculty of all fields (previous slide)
Unknown if these numbers serve as a
realistic stand-in for the geosciences
Source: NSF, 2016
15. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
HOW DO WE INCREASE URM RECRUITMENT?
PARTNER WITH K-12 SCHOOL DISTRICTS
In CA, geoscience does not factor into the K-12 curriculum for college-bound students
due to UC/CSU lab science requirements
Outreach programs that increase URM students’ exposure to the outdoors and
opportunities within geoscience can increase likelihood of a student pursuing a
geoscience major in college (Stokes et al., 2015)
EXAMPLE: UCR is creating a “field camp” for high school students and
supplementing Environmental Science classes (funded via NSF GEOPATHS)
K-12
2-Yr
College
4-Yr
College
Master’s PhD Workforce
16. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
HOW DO WE INCREASE URM RECRUITMENT?
PARTNER WITH 2YR
COLLEGES
Nearly half of all Physical Science
bachelor’s recipients attended a 2YR
college vs. 27% of geoscience
graduates (AGI, 2014)
48% of Hispanic students and 36% of
African American students currently
enrolled attend a 2YR college (Pew,
2016)
EXAMPLE: UCR offers geoscience
research internships for local 2YR
college students, joint field trips,
mentoring, and transfer assistance
(funded via NSF GEOPATHS)
17. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GEODE Project Collaborating Institutions: Riverside City College,
San Bernardino Valley College, Chaffey College, Riverside Unified
School District
GEODE Project Collaborators: Bill Phelps, Jeremy Standerfer, Jeffery
Jambretz
Others: UCR Dept. of Earth Sciences faculty and student volunteers