This presentation was prepared for the 2020 APS March Meeting. It discusses the current representation of women in the physics field, and the the challenges that women face in doctoral programs and the workplace.
"Underrepresented" is not just a buzzword: A closer look at the lack of ethni...Robyn Dahl
Talk given at GSA Annual Meeting.
For abstract and details: https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2016AM/webprogram/Paper284916.html
For more on these topics: www.robynmdahl.com/blog
Rights and Condition of Women in Tamilnadudbpublications
Women development was not considered as a high level of priority all along the periods of world history. Plato and Aristotle in the Greek renaissance emphasized for equality in labor for humanity. Plato went to the extent of suggesting military training for women in Greece. Since Greece fought for democratic establishment, Philosophers in that phase pressurized for egalitarian society in which women got significance. Western empires and modern superpowers prioritized women participation only in the 20th century. India was one among the country in 1950s’ which immediately provided avenue for women participation in political activity. In the aftermath of freedom from British Empire it
introduced and sustained the “universal adult suffrage” as per the founding fathers’ directions. The present article is an endeavor to identify the level of rights that is being exercised by women in Dharmapuri district,Tamilnadu.Being a remote district in tamilnadu this district is the place of migration to other states for livelihood and also life.
This document provides preliminary data from a survey of 938 youth in private out-of-home placements in Minnesota. It finds that the majority were male (64%) and identified as white (49.7%) or black (20.6%). Common disabilities/diagnoses included disruptive behavior disorder (52.6%), mood disorder (50%), and PTSD (23.9%). Group homes had higher percentages of LGBT youth (11.7%) compared to residential facilities (9.7%) and foster homes (3.3%). Residential facilities served more youth with intellectual/developmental disabilities (8.3%) compared to group homes (1.6%) and foster homes (11.2%). The data is still being analyzed
ICWES15 - 100 Years Later: Has Anything Changed for Women in Science? Present...Engineers Australia
The document discusses the underrepresentation of women in science over the past 100 years and ongoing challenges. It provides statistics showing that while women now make up the majority of students in most fields of study except engineering, they remain a small minority in senior roles and decision-making positions in science. Bias, both intentional and unintentional, as well as outdated institutional structures continue to hinder women's participation and advancement in science.
What opportunities are available for girls in STEM careers? How do we increase girls’ awareness, spark their interest, and develop their confidence to pursue careers in STEM? This workshop will demonstrate how STEM disciplines are essential to our health, happiness, and safety, and will provide participants with tips and tools for talking to girls and their parents about opportunities in STEM. Interactive activities seek to reduce anxiety and bolster confidence in the GS leaders. Upon completion of the workshop, participants will be able to advocate careers in STEM to girls and their parents using correct and positive messages that appeal to students’ interests and values.
This workshop was presented as a part of the Girl Scouts STEM Conference, with the goal to create a statewide STEM initiative among the various GS regions. My task was to help the participants “get into the minds of girls,” share opportunities for girls in STEM, dispel stereotypes about STEM, and teach the most effective messages for STEM to girls.
Presented 8 April 2011 in Plano, Texas
This document summarizes efforts in the United States to improve recruitment and retention of women in physics. It provides data on the low percentage of women currently in physics fields and programs that have been established, including conferences, mentoring programs, professional development workshops, media coverage, and government initiatives, to encourage more women to enter and remain in physics careers.
This document summarizes a study examining gender representation in clinical neuropsychology over five decades from 1967 to 2017. The study analyzed data on gender composition related to four domains: speaking at conferences, holding leadership positions in professional organizations, serving on journal editorial boards, and research productivity as measured by citations. The results showed that while the percentage of women in the field has increased significantly over time, gender disparities still exist in some areas like conference speaking and editorial board membership, especially for early career women. The study aims to help identify areas still in need of efforts to reduce gender inequities in the field.
"Underrepresented" is not just a buzzword: A closer look at the lack of ethni...Robyn Dahl
Talk given at GSA Annual Meeting.
For abstract and details: https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2016AM/webprogram/Paper284916.html
For more on these topics: www.robynmdahl.com/blog
Rights and Condition of Women in Tamilnadudbpublications
Women development was not considered as a high level of priority all along the periods of world history. Plato and Aristotle in the Greek renaissance emphasized for equality in labor for humanity. Plato went to the extent of suggesting military training for women in Greece. Since Greece fought for democratic establishment, Philosophers in that phase pressurized for egalitarian society in which women got significance. Western empires and modern superpowers prioritized women participation only in the 20th century. India was one among the country in 1950s’ which immediately provided avenue for women participation in political activity. In the aftermath of freedom from British Empire it
introduced and sustained the “universal adult suffrage” as per the founding fathers’ directions. The present article is an endeavor to identify the level of rights that is being exercised by women in Dharmapuri district,Tamilnadu.Being a remote district in tamilnadu this district is the place of migration to other states for livelihood and also life.
This document provides preliminary data from a survey of 938 youth in private out-of-home placements in Minnesota. It finds that the majority were male (64%) and identified as white (49.7%) or black (20.6%). Common disabilities/diagnoses included disruptive behavior disorder (52.6%), mood disorder (50%), and PTSD (23.9%). Group homes had higher percentages of LGBT youth (11.7%) compared to residential facilities (9.7%) and foster homes (3.3%). Residential facilities served more youth with intellectual/developmental disabilities (8.3%) compared to group homes (1.6%) and foster homes (11.2%). The data is still being analyzed
ICWES15 - 100 Years Later: Has Anything Changed for Women in Science? Present...Engineers Australia
The document discusses the underrepresentation of women in science over the past 100 years and ongoing challenges. It provides statistics showing that while women now make up the majority of students in most fields of study except engineering, they remain a small minority in senior roles and decision-making positions in science. Bias, both intentional and unintentional, as well as outdated institutional structures continue to hinder women's participation and advancement in science.
What opportunities are available for girls in STEM careers? How do we increase girls’ awareness, spark their interest, and develop their confidence to pursue careers in STEM? This workshop will demonstrate how STEM disciplines are essential to our health, happiness, and safety, and will provide participants with tips and tools for talking to girls and their parents about opportunities in STEM. Interactive activities seek to reduce anxiety and bolster confidence in the GS leaders. Upon completion of the workshop, participants will be able to advocate careers in STEM to girls and their parents using correct and positive messages that appeal to students’ interests and values.
This workshop was presented as a part of the Girl Scouts STEM Conference, with the goal to create a statewide STEM initiative among the various GS regions. My task was to help the participants “get into the minds of girls,” share opportunities for girls in STEM, dispel stereotypes about STEM, and teach the most effective messages for STEM to girls.
Presented 8 April 2011 in Plano, Texas
This document summarizes efforts in the United States to improve recruitment and retention of women in physics. It provides data on the low percentage of women currently in physics fields and programs that have been established, including conferences, mentoring programs, professional development workshops, media coverage, and government initiatives, to encourage more women to enter and remain in physics careers.
This document summarizes a study examining gender representation in clinical neuropsychology over five decades from 1967 to 2017. The study analyzed data on gender composition related to four domains: speaking at conferences, holding leadership positions in professional organizations, serving on journal editorial boards, and research productivity as measured by citations. The results showed that while the percentage of women in the field has increased significantly over time, gender disparities still exist in some areas like conference speaking and editorial board membership, especially for early career women. The study aims to help identify areas still in need of efforts to reduce gender inequities in the field.
The document discusses reasons for the low percentage of women in physics careers. It notes that girls are less likely than boys to choose strong math programs in high school and scientific fields in university. Women physicists are also less likely to receive mentoring and support needed for career success compared to their male peers. However, the document argues that women can have highly successful physics careers if barriers are removed and family obligations are better supported through flexible work policies and funding opportunities.
RMACC 2018 Keynote: Breaking the Glass Ceiling Identifying and Addressing Sel...Lorna Rivera
This document summarizes a keynote presentation about identifying and addressing selection bias in a student program. The presentation discussed how initial reviews of applicants in 2015 showed bias against female applicants, with males rated significantly higher. In response, the program implemented blind reviews, a standardized rubric, and recruitment efforts to increase diversity. These changes led to no significant differences in ratings or performance based on gender or race in subsequent years. The presentation provided recommendations for other programs based on lessons learned to promote fairness and reduce bias in selection processes.
On Wednesday, 2 December 2020, ESRI researcher Shannen Enright presented findings from the report 'Gender balance at work a study of an Irish civil service department' via a webinar.
To view the publication, click here: https://www.esri.ie/publications/gender-balance-at-work-a-study-of-an-irish-civil-service-department
A video of the presentation will be made available shortly.
Faculty climate survey of STEM departments at UMassElena Sharnoff
This presentation contains the results of survey conducted of all departments in the College of Natural Sciences, the College of Information and Computer Sciences, and some departments in the College of Engineering in 2014-15 about faculty climate at UMass Amherst.
This document presents a thesis exploring mentorship and retention of women in STEM fields. The introduction provides background on the underrepresentation of women in STEM jobs and degrees despite making up half the college-educated workforce. Key factors contributing to this discrepancy include lack of role models, gender stereotyping, and inflexible work environments. The purpose is to understand women's experiences in STEM and potential solutions. A literature review covers topics like gender stereotypes, career pathways, and the benefits of mentoring. The methodology section outlines a narrative study approach involving interviews with one woman in STEM. Overall, the thesis aims to gain insights into supporting greater participation of women in STEM.
UCL women's group presentation final versionBelinda Brown
Belinda Brown from the Gender Equity Network explores the possibility that gender equality policies designed to correct gender imbalances at the top of academia may be obscuring far more serious inequalities occurring further down
The Ottawa County Youth Assessment Surveys monitor the prevalence of youth health risk behaviors. The purposes are to monitor trends and to provide information so local agencies and schools can focus programs and policies to reduce behaviors that contribute most to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity.
This document provides strategies for strengthening needs statements in grant proposals using data and research. It outlines four strategies: 1) using specific and local data; 2) presenting data in an easy-to-follow way from "big to small"; 3) citing relevant research; and 4) helping the reader follow the argument and draw conclusions. Examples are provided for each strategy to illustrate how to incorporate compelling local data, cluster and sequence information clearly, support needs with outside studies, and explicitly state the implications of the presented evidence.
Presentation shared with National Press Foundation fellows in Paris, France, on November 21, 2019. Key arguments were that overall views about scientists are quite positive both in an absolute sense as well as compared to other groups. However, we get a lot more information if we look at sub-dimensions of trustworthiness, and think about trust-related beliefs in the context of specific issues.
Video and audio available at: https://nationalpress.org/topic/confidence-in-scientists
Eng105 final report( Reasons of Women university Dropout)Md. Asfiqur Alam
The document discusses reasons for women dropping out of university in Bangladesh, citing factors like early marriage, economic pressures, family values, and lack of support for continuing education. It analyzes survey data on the influences of society, economics, and family environment on dropout rates. The data suggests family background, especially economic class, has the strongest influence, with lower class families facing the most barriers to continuing women's education.
Patterns of political elite formation in post soviet Armenia (ASCN funded res...Hamazasp Danielyan
This document summarizes research on patterns of political elite formation in post-Soviet Armenia. It describes the project's objectives to describe and conceptualize how political elites are formed, recruited, and their motivations and values. The methodology included surveys, interviews, and biography analysis. Key findings from the survey showed that most see their future as better and have higher trust in local government than political parties. The document concludes that possible political elite representatives include civil servants, members of political parties who are already involved in politics, and those in local government.
No of male
type of holiday
This document summarizes the results of a survey comparing males and females in the working world. The survey included 200 participants, with equal numbers of males and females. Some key findings from the survey include:
- Females generally had higher educational qualifications than males, though some males had doctorates.
- Both males and females worked equally in the public and private sectors. However, males held more managerial roles while females held more administrative roles.
- On average, males earned higher salaries than females, despite some having similar jobs and qualifications.
- Both males and females experienced moderate levels of stress at work and were sometimes late. However, more males reported being
A panel discussion was held between biostatisticians from Harvard School of Public Health, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering/Cornell Medical School, and Stanford University to discuss the growth and future of biostatistics and its relationship to other fields like statistics, probability, biology, and computer science. Key topics of discussion included whether biostatistics and statistics departments should merge, how the field should respond to the increasing development of statistical methods by non-statisticians, and how to close the gap between sophisticated statistical methods and simpler methods used by practitioners.
The document discusses the underrepresentation of women scientists in Africa and strategies to address it. It notes that including more women scientists can make research more relevant and policy more responsive. However, women face institutional barriers and social challenges that limit their participation. Increasing women in science requires addressing both supply-side issues, like inclusive research practices, and demand-side issues, like ensuring women's voices are at the policy table. Tracking data on women scientists in Africa can help benchmark progress over time.
Making research relevant for policy and developmentDorine Odongo
The document discusses the need to increase the number of women scientists in order to make research and policy more relevant and sustainable. It notes that while women make up a large share of agricultural science students, they are underrepresented at higher levels of research careers. This gap is due to institutional and social challenges faced by women scientists. Increasing women's participation in science and policymaking can help make knowledge and policy more inclusive and responsive to diverse needs. Tracking data on women scientists in Africa through studies like the ASTI can help address these issues.
Presentation by Dr. Mónica I. Feliú-Mójer, Manager of Outreach, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle at open forum discussing the challenges faced by women in science, particularly at the intersection of gender, race and culture.
December 3, 2013, Samuel Kelly Ethnic Cultural Center.
Event co-organized by Mónica I. Feliú-Mójer, Verónica Guajardo and Stephanie Gardner and sponsored by Department of Biostatistics, MESA Community College Program, Louis Stoke Alliance for Minority Participation and School of Public Health, Diversity Committee, all at the University of Washington.
Publishing trends: 4 recommendations for scholarly and professional societiesWiley
This document discusses trends in scholarly publishing and professional societies. It notes that 61% of society revenue comes from publishing. It outlines the growth of open access publishing and policies. Metrics for impact are discussed, including knowledge generation, human capital, public policy, and commercialization. Recommendations are made for societies, including innovating publishing strategies, carefully experimenting, focusing on growing communities through recruitment, and building partnerships. Challenges in engaging younger members and competing in a changing environment are also addressed.
The panel discussion focused on the growth and future of biostatistics and statistics. Key topics included whether biostatistics and statistics departments should merge given their convergence; how the fields should respond to increasing development of methods by non-statisticians like computer scientists; and what makes a statistical methodology successful and widely adopted. The panelists provided perspectives on these issues from their experience and emphasized the importance of collaboration between biostatistics and statistics while maintaining their distinctions.
Hang in there! You are somebody’s hope. There is a rumor mulling around
in colleges across the land that science, technology, engineering, and
math are the “hardcore” fields that some advance, others try, and many
avoid. Women and minorities are grossly underrepresented in STEM
careers and the numbers continue to decline. In a 2010 Bayer Corp. survey
of 1,226 women and underrepresented minority chemists and chemical
engineers, 40 percent said they were discouraged from pursuing a STEM
career. Sixty percent said college was where most of the discouragement
happened. STEM careers offer a rewarding journey of innovation and
powerful contributions, solutions, and tools that secure and advance our
future. So, what do you need to do to overcome challenges and succeed
in these fields?
At the end of this workshop, college students will:
a. Explore STEM Stats and common reasons students get discouraged
b. Create a resource toolbox and networking plan to overcome challenges
c. Explore 7 key habits that can increase success
d. Examine the benefits and options of a great STEM Career Path
Build applications with generative AI on Google CloudMárton Kodok
We will explore Vertex AI - Model Garden powered experiences, we are going to learn more about the integration of these generative AI APIs. We are going to see in action what the Gemini family of generative models are for developers to build and deploy AI-driven applications. Vertex AI includes a suite of foundation models, these are referred to as the PaLM and Gemini family of generative ai models, and they come in different versions. We are going to cover how to use via API to: - execute prompts in text and chat - cover multimodal use cases with image prompts. - finetune and distill to improve knowledge domains - run function calls with foundation models to optimize them for specific tasks. At the end of the session, developers will understand how to innovate with generative AI and develop apps using the generative ai industry trends.
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The document discusses reasons for the low percentage of women in physics careers. It notes that girls are less likely than boys to choose strong math programs in high school and scientific fields in university. Women physicists are also less likely to receive mentoring and support needed for career success compared to their male peers. However, the document argues that women can have highly successful physics careers if barriers are removed and family obligations are better supported through flexible work policies and funding opportunities.
RMACC 2018 Keynote: Breaking the Glass Ceiling Identifying and Addressing Sel...Lorna Rivera
This document summarizes a keynote presentation about identifying and addressing selection bias in a student program. The presentation discussed how initial reviews of applicants in 2015 showed bias against female applicants, with males rated significantly higher. In response, the program implemented blind reviews, a standardized rubric, and recruitment efforts to increase diversity. These changes led to no significant differences in ratings or performance based on gender or race in subsequent years. The presentation provided recommendations for other programs based on lessons learned to promote fairness and reduce bias in selection processes.
On Wednesday, 2 December 2020, ESRI researcher Shannen Enright presented findings from the report 'Gender balance at work a study of an Irish civil service department' via a webinar.
To view the publication, click here: https://www.esri.ie/publications/gender-balance-at-work-a-study-of-an-irish-civil-service-department
A video of the presentation will be made available shortly.
Faculty climate survey of STEM departments at UMassElena Sharnoff
This presentation contains the results of survey conducted of all departments in the College of Natural Sciences, the College of Information and Computer Sciences, and some departments in the College of Engineering in 2014-15 about faculty climate at UMass Amherst.
This document presents a thesis exploring mentorship and retention of women in STEM fields. The introduction provides background on the underrepresentation of women in STEM jobs and degrees despite making up half the college-educated workforce. Key factors contributing to this discrepancy include lack of role models, gender stereotyping, and inflexible work environments. The purpose is to understand women's experiences in STEM and potential solutions. A literature review covers topics like gender stereotypes, career pathways, and the benefits of mentoring. The methodology section outlines a narrative study approach involving interviews with one woman in STEM. Overall, the thesis aims to gain insights into supporting greater participation of women in STEM.
UCL women's group presentation final versionBelinda Brown
Belinda Brown from the Gender Equity Network explores the possibility that gender equality policies designed to correct gender imbalances at the top of academia may be obscuring far more serious inequalities occurring further down
The Ottawa County Youth Assessment Surveys monitor the prevalence of youth health risk behaviors. The purposes are to monitor trends and to provide information so local agencies and schools can focus programs and policies to reduce behaviors that contribute most to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity.
This document provides strategies for strengthening needs statements in grant proposals using data and research. It outlines four strategies: 1) using specific and local data; 2) presenting data in an easy-to-follow way from "big to small"; 3) citing relevant research; and 4) helping the reader follow the argument and draw conclusions. Examples are provided for each strategy to illustrate how to incorporate compelling local data, cluster and sequence information clearly, support needs with outside studies, and explicitly state the implications of the presented evidence.
Presentation shared with National Press Foundation fellows in Paris, France, on November 21, 2019. Key arguments were that overall views about scientists are quite positive both in an absolute sense as well as compared to other groups. However, we get a lot more information if we look at sub-dimensions of trustworthiness, and think about trust-related beliefs in the context of specific issues.
Video and audio available at: https://nationalpress.org/topic/confidence-in-scientists
Eng105 final report( Reasons of Women university Dropout)Md. Asfiqur Alam
The document discusses reasons for women dropping out of university in Bangladesh, citing factors like early marriage, economic pressures, family values, and lack of support for continuing education. It analyzes survey data on the influences of society, economics, and family environment on dropout rates. The data suggests family background, especially economic class, has the strongest influence, with lower class families facing the most barriers to continuing women's education.
Patterns of political elite formation in post soviet Armenia (ASCN funded res...Hamazasp Danielyan
This document summarizes research on patterns of political elite formation in post-Soviet Armenia. It describes the project's objectives to describe and conceptualize how political elites are formed, recruited, and their motivations and values. The methodology included surveys, interviews, and biography analysis. Key findings from the survey showed that most see their future as better and have higher trust in local government than political parties. The document concludes that possible political elite representatives include civil servants, members of political parties who are already involved in politics, and those in local government.
No of male
type of holiday
This document summarizes the results of a survey comparing males and females in the working world. The survey included 200 participants, with equal numbers of males and females. Some key findings from the survey include:
- Females generally had higher educational qualifications than males, though some males had doctorates.
- Both males and females worked equally in the public and private sectors. However, males held more managerial roles while females held more administrative roles.
- On average, males earned higher salaries than females, despite some having similar jobs and qualifications.
- Both males and females experienced moderate levels of stress at work and were sometimes late. However, more males reported being
A panel discussion was held between biostatisticians from Harvard School of Public Health, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering/Cornell Medical School, and Stanford University to discuss the growth and future of biostatistics and its relationship to other fields like statistics, probability, biology, and computer science. Key topics of discussion included whether biostatistics and statistics departments should merge, how the field should respond to the increasing development of statistical methods by non-statisticians, and how to close the gap between sophisticated statistical methods and simpler methods used by practitioners.
The document discusses the underrepresentation of women scientists in Africa and strategies to address it. It notes that including more women scientists can make research more relevant and policy more responsive. However, women face institutional barriers and social challenges that limit their participation. Increasing women in science requires addressing both supply-side issues, like inclusive research practices, and demand-side issues, like ensuring women's voices are at the policy table. Tracking data on women scientists in Africa can help benchmark progress over time.
Making research relevant for policy and developmentDorine Odongo
The document discusses the need to increase the number of women scientists in order to make research and policy more relevant and sustainable. It notes that while women make up a large share of agricultural science students, they are underrepresented at higher levels of research careers. This gap is due to institutional and social challenges faced by women scientists. Increasing women's participation in science and policymaking can help make knowledge and policy more inclusive and responsive to diverse needs. Tracking data on women scientists in Africa through studies like the ASTI can help address these issues.
Presentation by Dr. Mónica I. Feliú-Mójer, Manager of Outreach, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle at open forum discussing the challenges faced by women in science, particularly at the intersection of gender, race and culture.
December 3, 2013, Samuel Kelly Ethnic Cultural Center.
Event co-organized by Mónica I. Feliú-Mójer, Verónica Guajardo and Stephanie Gardner and sponsored by Department of Biostatistics, MESA Community College Program, Louis Stoke Alliance for Minority Participation and School of Public Health, Diversity Committee, all at the University of Washington.
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This document discusses trends in scholarly publishing and professional societies. It notes that 61% of society revenue comes from publishing. It outlines the growth of open access publishing and policies. Metrics for impact are discussed, including knowledge generation, human capital, public policy, and commercialization. Recommendations are made for societies, including innovating publishing strategies, carefully experimenting, focusing on growing communities through recruitment, and building partnerships. Challenges in engaging younger members and competing in a changing environment are also addressed.
The panel discussion focused on the growth and future of biostatistics and statistics. Key topics included whether biostatistics and statistics departments should merge given their convergence; how the fields should respond to increasing development of methods by non-statisticians like computer scientists; and what makes a statistical methodology successful and widely adopted. The panelists provided perspectives on these issues from their experience and emphasized the importance of collaboration between biostatistics and statistics while maintaining their distinctions.
Hang in there! You are somebody’s hope. There is a rumor mulling around
in colleges across the land that science, technology, engineering, and
math are the “hardcore” fields that some advance, others try, and many
avoid. Women and minorities are grossly underrepresented in STEM
careers and the numbers continue to decline. In a 2010 Bayer Corp. survey
of 1,226 women and underrepresented minority chemists and chemical
engineers, 40 percent said they were discouraged from pursuing a STEM
career. Sixty percent said college was where most of the discouragement
happened. STEM careers offer a rewarding journey of innovation and
powerful contributions, solutions, and tools that secure and advance our
future. So, what do you need to do to overcome challenges and succeed
in these fields?
At the end of this workshop, college students will:
a. Explore STEM Stats and common reasons students get discouraged
b. Create a resource toolbox and networking plan to overcome challenges
c. Explore 7 key habits that can increase success
d. Examine the benefits and options of a great STEM Career Path
Build applications with generative AI on Google CloudMárton Kodok
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Before long, the world will wake up. But right now, there are perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs, that have situational awareness. Through whatever peculiar forces of fate, I have found myself amongst them. A few years ago, these people were derided as crazy—but they trusted the trendlines, which allowed them to correctly predict the AI advances of the past few years. Whether these people are also right about the next few years remains to be seen. But these are very smart people—the smartest people I have ever met—and they are the ones building this technology. Perhaps they will be an odd footnote in history, or perhaps they will go down in history like Szilard and Oppenheimer and Teller. If they are seeing the future even close to correctly, we are in for a wild ride.
Let me tell you what we see.
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Predictably Improve Your B2B Tech Company's Performance by Leveraging DataKiwi Creative
Harness the power of AI-backed reports, benchmarking and data analysis to predict trends and detect anomalies in your marketing efforts.
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From metrics to track to data habits to pick up, enhance your reporting for powerful insights to improve your B2B tech company's marketing.
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This is the webinar recording from the June 2024 HubSpot User Group (HUG) for B2B Technology USA.
Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
Sign up for future HUG events at https://events.hubspot.com/b2b-technology-usa/
ViewShift: Hassle-free Dynamic Policy Enforcement for Every Data LakeWalaa Eldin Moustafa
Dynamic policy enforcement is becoming an increasingly important topic in today’s world where data privacy and compliance is a top priority for companies, individuals, and regulators alike. In these slides, we discuss how LinkedIn implements a powerful dynamic policy enforcement engine, called ViewShift, and integrates it within its data lake. We show the query engine architecture and how catalog implementations can automatically route table resolutions to compliance-enforcing SQL views. Such views have a set of very interesting properties: (1) They are auto-generated from declarative data annotations. (2) They respect user-level consent and preferences (3) They are context-aware, encoding a different set of transformations for different use cases (4) They are portable; while the SQL logic is only implemented in one SQL dialect, it is accessible in all engines.
#SQL #Views #Privacy #Compliance #DataLake
1. APS March Meeting 2020
March 3, 2020
Anne Marie Porter
American Institute of Physics
Survey Scientist
Challenges Facing Women in Physics
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1
2. APS March Meeting 2020
March 3, 2020
Summary
• Challenges and successes for women in:
▪ Representation
▪ Doctoral Experiences
▪ Employment Experiences
2
In this presentation, we will discuss the challenges and successes for women in
representation, doctoral programs, and employment. It is important that we
recognize the barriers women encounter, while also acknowledging the
improvements in women’s experiences over time.
2
3. APS March Meeting 2020
March 3, 2020
CHALLENGES IN REPRESENTATION
IN THE U.S.
3
3
4. APS March Meeting 2020
March 3, 2020
Women are underrepresented in physics
4
Women with physics bachelors: 22%
Women with physics PhDs: 20%
The number of women earning physics bachelor’s and doctoral degrees has increased
over time. In 2018, over 1,900 women earned bachelor’s degrees in physics and over
350 earned doctorates in physics. Over the last ten years, the percentage of women
earning physics bachelor’s degrees and doctorates has slightly increased by 1-2
percentage points. Back in 2007, women earned 21% of physics bachelor’s degrees
and 18% of physics doctoral degrees. This data was collected from our annual
Enrollments and Degrees Survey, which is sent to all physics departments in the
United States and has a 90% response rate from departments.
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More women are in other STEM fields
5
20% women
with physics
bachelor’s
Compared to other fields in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM), women are more underrepresented in physics. Across all fields in academia
(not just STEM), women earned 57% of all bachelor’s degrees, showing that women
are over-represented among bachelor’s degree recipients. Based on 2017 data from
the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), women earned around 60% of
bachelor’s degrees in biological science, 50% of degrees in chemistry, 40% of degrees
in mathematics, and 35% of degrees in astronomy. Women earned only around 20%
of bachelor’s degrees in physics, engineering, and computer science.
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Source: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. Data compiled by AIP Statistical Research Center.
The representation of women earning STEM doctorates tells a similar story. Physics,
engineering, and computer science had the lowest percentage of women among
doctorate recipients. Data was analyzed based on results from the 2017 Survey of
Earned Doctorates distributed by the National Science Foundation.
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Minority women in physics
7
When comparing different racial/ethic groups, African American, Hispanic, and Native
American women are underrepresented in physics. Out of all women earning physics
bachelor’s degrees in 2017, Hispanic women were 8% of bachelor’s degree recipients
and African American women were 4% of bachelor’s degree recipients. Over time,
the number of Hispanic women earning physics bachelor’s degrees is increasing,
while the number of African-American women has not changed much. These groups
are underrepresented among physics doctorate recipients as well. Hispanic and
African American women were 3-5% of female physics doctorate recipients in 2017.
The number of Native American women were not reported in this figure due to small
group sizes. We want to protect their identifiability.
The number of African American women shown here may be influenced by changes
in how the NCES asked race/ethnicity questions. Starting in 2008, NCES added a “two
or more races” category to their questionnaire. African-American women selecting
“two or more races” were not included in these numbers after 2008, which might
explain the slight decrease in African American women shown in more recent years.
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Women’s representation in departments
is increasing
8
In physics departments, the percentage of women among almost all faculty positions
has increased over time.
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More women hired into higher-level
positions
9
Among new faculty hires in physics departments, more women are being hired into
tenured, tenure-track, and permanent positions over time. In 2018, women were
32% of new hires, which suggests that women are being hired at higher rates than
men. If they were hired at similar rates, women would be 20% or less of new hires,
which is the percentage of women who earned physics doctorates in the past.
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Global Survey of Scientists Contractor:
10
CHALLENGES IN DOCTORAL AND
EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCES AROUND
THE WORLD
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Global Survey of Scientists Contractor:
2018 Global Survey of Scientists
Project
• Surveyed scientists in 159 unique countries in 8
disciplines
• Over 7,500 respondents for physics
• 37% women
• Analysis
• Regressions were done for all variables
• Controlled for age, region, level of development,
employment sector
11
Most respondents in the survey worked in academia (70%). On the survey, the gender
question only included “men,” “women,” and “prefer not to respond” as options.
Other gender identities were not included due to cultural reasons. In some countries,
identifying as any other gender identity could lead to negative consequences, so the
option was not included to protect at-risk individuals in those countries from being
identified. Women are over-represented in this sample due to sampling methods. We
used snowball sampling to recruit more women, and the percentage of women in the
international physics population is probably lower than 37%.
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Global Survey of Scientists Contractor:
Doctoral Study Experiences
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Program Quality Advisor Relationship Fairly treated Students were respectful
Men Women
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%ofpositiveagreement
For all four variables, regressions showed that gender differences were significant
even controlling for other factors. Overall, most people had positive experiences in
their doctoral programs.
Program quality: 87% of men and 84% of women rated their program as excellent,
very good, or good
Advisor relationship: 87% of men and 80% of women rated their advisor relationship
as excellent, very good, or good
My program treated everyone fairly: 76% of men and 63% of women agreed
Other students were respectful of everyone: 84% of men and 72% of women agreed
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Global Survey of Scientists Contractor:
Employment Experiences
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Support from manager Fairly treated Coworkers are respectful
Men Women
13
%ofpositiveagreement
All three variables had significant gender differences. Overall, most people had
positive experiences in their workplace.
I have support from my primary manager or boss: 75% of men and 72% of women
agreed
My employer treats everyone fairly: 73% of men and 62% of women agreed
My coworkers are respectful of everyone: 80% of men and 69% of women agreed
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Global Survey of Scientists Contractor:
Discrimination and harassment
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Gender discrimination in evaluations Encountered sexual harassment
Men Women
14
%experienced
About half of women (53%) felt discriminated in the assessment or evaluation of their
achievements because of their gender. 37% of women reported never feeling
discriminated in their achievements for any reason.
29% of women reported personally experiencing sexual harassment at school or
work.
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Global Survey of Scientists Contractor:
Employment activities
No gender differences:
• Spoke as an invited
speakers at conferences
• Acted as a boss or
manager
• Was an editor of a journal
• Served on a Board of
Directors
• Supervised graduate
students
Significant gender
differences:
• Men were more likely to
supervise
undergraduate students
• Women were more
likely to serve on
conference committees
15
50% of women and 49% of men served on conference planning committees. 75% of
women and 81% of men supervised undergraduate students.
Other non-significant gender differences in employment activities include: attended a
conference abroad, conducted research abroad, served on a committee for a grant
agency, served on a committee at an institution or company, acted as a leader for a
scholarly association, served on a dissertation or thesis committee (not as an
advisor), and gave a public talk or interview.
These findings differ from our Global Survey of Physicists (2010) performed ten years
ago. We asked the same exact question in the 2010 survey and the current survey. In
2010, men were more likely to report acting as a manager, journal editor, graduate
supervisor, or invited speaker. We can think of two potential reasons why we no
longer find gender differences in these survey items. 1) We have a different sample
than before or 2) More women are doing these activities than 10 years ago.
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Global Survey of Scientists Contractor:
Employment resources
• Women were significantly less likely to report having
enough:
• Equipment (73% of women had enough)
• Technical support (69%)
• Travel money (63%)
• Funding (62%)
• Clerical support (61%)
• Employees or students (54%)
16
Overall, the majority of women (54%-73%) reported having enough resources. There
were no significant gender differences for the following resources: office space, lab
space, computing power, access to data, and access to literature.
This is similar to our findings in the 2010 Global Survey of Physicists. It appears that
even though women are performing a similar amount of employment activities as
men in 2018, they still seem to report having less resources in their careers.
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Global Survey of Scientists Contractor:
Family influences
• 33% of women took a career break, mostly for family
reasons
• After becoming a parent, women were significantly
more likely to:
• Spend less time at work (43% of women)
• Choose a more flexible schedule (42%)
• Feel their career or promotion rate slowed (30%)
• Change their employer or field (10%)
• Become a stay at home parent (7%)
• Get demoted or lose their job (3%)
17
16% of men and 33% of women reported taking a break in their career. 2/3 of women
took a break for family reasons, ¾ of men took a break for non-family reasons. Men
were also significantly more likely to report that their career did not change after
having children.
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STORIES ABOUT SUCCESSES AND
CHALLENGES DURING CAREERS
18
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2011 PhD Plus 10 Project
• 1,860 mid-career physics PhD recipients from
the classes of 1996, 1997, 2000, and 2001
▪ PhD programs in the United States
▪ 45% working in academia, 34% private sector,
and 15% government, and 6% in another
sector
▪ 14% female
19
This study contacted mid-career professionals who earned their physics doctorates
10-15 years prior to 2011 in the United States. We surveyed professionals working in
multiple employment sectors to examine more diverse career experiences. Within
our sample, most participants were male and worked in academia. In this analysis,
we only compared men and women, and did not examine other gender identities.
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Qualitative analysis approach
• Asked two questions:
▪ “What has helped you succeed in your
career?”
▪ “What have been the barriers to your career?”
• Read over 1,700 quotes and organized them
into categories
▪ Used inductive analysis processes
▪ Includes only those who chose to respond
20
It is important to note that the answers to these two open-ended questions are not
representative of everyone who did the survey. Not everyone chooses to answer
these questions.
During qualitative analysis, we read all the quotes from open-ended responses, and
organized the content of those quotes into meaningful categories. In inductive
analysis, categories are not defined before starting the analysis, and we did not
create a list of categories in advance. Instead, we created categories or codes
organically as we read each quote for the first time. This is a process called open
coding, and is done to prevent our own assumptions from influencing the analysis. A
single quote could be coded with multiple open codes. After coding each individual
quote, we went over all the quotes again, revised them, and organized them into
broader categories or themes. We show examples of how we did this process in the
next slide.
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Analysis example
Success quote: “Support and collaboration with
intelligent and generous colleagues”
Open code → supportive colleagues and collaborations
Broader category → social support
Barrier quote: “There are not many jobs in
physics in my current location”
Open code → difficulty obtaining employment
Broader category → career opportunity barrier
21
These examples show how we assigned categories to each quote. Open codes more
closely represent what is described in the quote, and the broader categories indicate
the larger themes the participants discussed.
There were 47 codes for quotes about career success factors. The categories for
career success factors were: career opportunities, education and career background,
organizational support, personal drive, skills and abilities, and social support.
There were 40 codes for quotes about career barriers. The categories for career
barriers were: career opportunity barriers, education and career background barriers,
gender/race/ethnicity barriers, organizational barriers, personal drive barriers, skill
and ability barriers, and social barriers.
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What types of success factors did they
discuss most?
22
Looking at the broader categories, men more often discussed education, career
background, and skills or abilities as success factors in their careers. Education and
career background includes discussions about the quality of their graduate programs,
their physics training, training in other scientific fields, and experience in previous
jobs. Skills and abilities include various traits like problem solving, communication,
teamwork, writing, presenting, programming, or research.
Women more often discussed social support as success factors, including family,
friends, mentors, colleagues, and students. Both genders reported personal drive as
important factors, including hard work, persistence, and passion for their work.
Overall, both genders seemed to attribute most of their success to personal factors
like personal drive, skills, or abilities. They less often discussed outside factors like
organizations in their success.
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What helped them succeed?
(Ten most discussed success factors)
Men Women
1. Hard work
2. Mentors
3. Persistence
4. Colleagues
5. Problem-solving skills
6. Interpersonal skills
7. Friends/family
8. Passion for work
9. Education
10. Flexibility in work
23
1. Hard work
2. Problem solving skills
3. Education
4. Interpersonal skills
5. Persistence
6. Experience in certain fields
7. Mentors
8. Flexibility in work
9. Colleagues
10. Passion for work
Here I have listed the ten most frequent codes discussed by men and women.
Interestingly, men and women mention very similar success factors. Both genders
discussed the role of hard work in their success the most often, and reported the
value of mentors, problem-solving, colleagues, flexibility, passion, persistence,
education, and interpersonal skills. Men more often discussed how experience in
certain fields (e.g. computer science, mathematics, physics, technology) helped them
succeed, while women more often discussed how support from friends and family
helped them succeed.
Women also discussed how experience in certain fields helped them succeed, and
men discussed how friends and family helped them succeed. These factors in success
are important and valued by both genders, but one gender discussed them more
often than the other. That is why these factors only appear in the 10 most frequent
list for one gender and not the other.
All 47 codes can be viewed in the online report in the appendix section here:
https://www.aip.org/statistics/reports/physics-phds-ten-years-later-success-factors-
and-barriers-career-paths
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Women’s quotes about success
“Hard work and persistence.”
“Deep love of physics, astronomy, and teaching.”
“Working in a good team.”
“Excellent training I received in graduate school.”
“Being able to adapt to new situations.”
“My family and the support of the community have
helped me succeed.”
“Great mentors who helped show me how to make
good decisions.”
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Here are some examples of what women believed helped them succeed.
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What types of barriers did they discuss
the most?
25
When looking at the broader categories, women more often discussed social barriers
such as issues with mentors, colleagues, managers, and balancing family life
(especially maternity leave and child-care). They also reported more issues with
experiencing gender bias in the workplace. Men more often discussed organizational
barriers such as issues with funding, promotions, administration, overwork, and lack
of autonomy. Men also discussed skill barriers more often, such as having a lack of
interpersonal skills, business skills, programming, teaching, and grant writing skills.
Unlike successes, both genders more often discussed barriers from external sources,
like organizations, job markets, or other individuals. Rather than discussing internal
barriers such as lack of skills or personal drive.
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What were the barriers?
(Ten most discussed barriers)
Men
1. Lack of funding
2. Overwork
3. Lack of interpersonal skills
4. Field not valued at work
5. Difficulty obtaining
employment
6. Unsupportive administration
7. Difficulty advancing at work
8. Lack of interest in work
9. Family obligations
10. Issues with management
Women
1. Family obligations
2. Gender bias
3. Issues with mentors
4. Lack of funding
5. Overwork
6. Difficulty relocating for work
7. Issues with management
8. Lack of staff/equipment
9. Difficulty obtaining
employment
10. Lack of networks/contacts
26
While women and men discussed similar factors in career success, they seemed to have more
different experiences with career barriers. Both genders experienced issues with funding,
overwork, management, balancing family obligations, and obtaining employment.
Men more often discussed not enough having enough interpersonal skills, and a lack of
interest in their work. They also reported more organization-level issues, such as issues
getting promoted (not receiving tenure or not being considered for management positions),
working for administrators who don’t support science, or navigating bureaucratic processes.
Many discussed how their specialty or field is looked down on in their work environment. In
certain academic departments, teaching or specific subfields in physics are not valued, while
in certain industry settings, a background in science or research is not valued.
Women reported more issues with a lack of resources, such as hot having enough staff,
students, equipment, or others to collaborate with. They reported more difficulties working
with mentors who were neglectful, gave bad advice, or unsupportive. They also reported
more issues with gender bias in the workplace such as not being respected or seen as an
equal by their colleagues, or being treated on a different standard than male colleagues. This
was mostly reported in academic work settings.
Once again, all these barriers were discussed by both genders, but with different levels of
frequency. Therefore, some may appear in the 10 most frequent barriers for one gender but
not another.
All 40 codes can be viewed in the report online in the appendix:
https://www.aip.org/statistics/reports/physics-phds-ten-years-later-success-factors-and-
barriers-career-paths
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Women’s quotes about barriers
“Poor advice and mentoring.”
“Since my children were born many aspects of my career
have been much more difficult.”
“Being a member of a dual physics career couple has
limited my employment choices.”
“No one at my college that I can collaborate with on
research.”
“Being the only woman in a group of 40 or so physicists
was extremely difficult for me.”
“The inability of male peers to see me as an intellectual
equal.”
27
Here are some examples of barriers that women discussed.
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Conclusions
• The number of women is increasing over time,
but women are still underrepresented
• Most women have positive experiences in
doctoral programs and employment
▪ Report less positive experiences than men
▪ Still experience sexual harassment
• Women make more career compromises for
family reasons
28
Women still have many challenges in physics, but there are just as many successes for
women that we should highlight. Although women are underrepresented in physics
(around 20%), representation is still increasing over time, especially in academic
departments. Among new hires, women are being hired at a greater rate than men
(32% in 2018), and more are being hired into higher status tenure-track or permanent
positions.
Although women report significantly less positive experiences compared to men,
most women report good experiences in doctoral programs and employment (60-
80%). However, sexual harassment still occurs in work and school environments
(reported by 29% of women).
More than any other factor, women struggle with balancing work and family
obligations, especially maternity leave and child-care. More women than men choose
to change or limit their work schedule, become a stay at home parent, and report
that their career progression has slowed.
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How can we help women succeed?
• Based on reports from women, we should
focus on:
▪ Maternity leave and child-care support
▪ Good mentor relationships
▪ Support from colleagues
▪ Collaboration opportunities
▪ Address gender bias issues
29
Based on our data and reports from women, supporting maternity leave and child-
care seems to be the most important factor in women’s careers. At doctoral
programs, the most important factor seems to be fostering supportive and positive
mentor relationships. Encouraging support from colleagues and research
collaborations would also help women succeed. Not all women report issues with
gender bias or harassment, but some women are still encountering it in the
workplace or at school.
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30. APS March Meeting 2020
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For more information
Anne Marie Porter
Survey Scientist
American Institute of Physics
301-209-3039
amporter@aip.org
Thanks to our colleagues
Rachel Ivie, Susan White, Patrick Mulvey,
Laura Merner, John Tyler, Jack Pold, and
Starr Nicholson
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Thank to you to all my colleagues who helped collect and report this data! If you have
any questions about our work or results, feel free to contact me at 301-209-3039 or
amporter@aip.org.
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