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1. CATALYTIC CONVERTER
INTRODUCTION
We are all know that air pollution is biggest challenge todays. 70% of total air pollution is
due to the automobiles. There are several way we have for controlling air pollution. The
most effective way is by using catalytic converter in automobile . In short we use catalytic
converter which is used for the conversion of harmful gas to harmless gas.
CATALYTIC CONVERTER
Catalytic converter is define as the conversion of harmful gas to the harmless
gas which is a pollution reducing unit.
The catalytic converter used in
between the exhaust manifold
and the silencer in the vehicle.
CONSTRUCTION
• Basic component are,
• Substrate
• Catalyst
• Mat
• Can
• Shields
WORKING
 When the exhaust gas will come out of the engine it will go to the
catalytic converter.
 The gas which is as NOX , HC and CO are present in exhaust. The
above mention gases will be treated with catalytic converter which
is producing harmless gas like CO2,H2O and N2 which are safely
released in the atmosphere and no any harm to environment and
animal with the help of catalyst.
 In catalytic converter the basic point also discuss that Catalyst is
material which promotes chemical change without chemical
reaction.
TYPES OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER
1)Two way :- 2)Three way :-
 Two way catalytic converter
 Three way catalytic converter
ADVANTAGES
• Catalytic converter will reducing amount of CO,
HC and NOx, particulate emission.
• By using catalytic converter leads to
pollution free environment.
• The life on this planet will be long
DISADVANTAGE
• The cost of catalytic converter is high
• There should a large volume required
• There is over temperature problem as well in catalytic converter
• Catalytic material is lost
APPLICATIONS
 Catalytic converters are used with internal combustion engines which may
also be fueled by either petrol or diesel.
 Used including lean-burn engines as well as kerosene heaters and stoves.
 Catalytic converter are also used on electrical generator , forklifts, mining
equipment, truck , busses, locomotives and motorcycles..
 They are also used on some wood stoves to control the emissions.
CONCLUSION
The catalytic converter is successfully designed and fabricated.
The increase in inlet cone length will also reduces the backpressure and also
reduces the recirculation zones.
Installation of the catalytic converter reduces the brake thermal efficiency
and increase the brake specific fuel consumption, fuel flow rate.
At lower temperature the catalytic converter will be inactive. The heat
release due to chemical reaction does not play a significant role.
GC university Lahore
By Muhammad Umair
0222-BH(E)-CHEM-19
Abstract
The purpose of this poster to know about reduce the harmful emission which is
generated by the automobiles source i. e. CO, HC, NOx etc by the number of
technique used like catalytic converter in engine design, fuel pre -treatment, fuel
additives, and better tuning of combustion process.
Reference
o Weltens, Herman, et al. Optimisation of catalytic converter gas flow
distribution by CFD prediction. No. 930780. SAE Technical Paper, 1993.
o Schar CM, Onder CH, Geering HP. Control of an SCR catalytic converter system
for a mobile heavy-duty application. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems
Technology. 2006 Jun 26;14(4):641-53.
o Pontikakis, G. N., G. S. Konstantas, and A. M. Stamatelos. "Three-way catalytic
converter modeling as a modern " J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 126.4 (2004):
906-923.
Catalytic
converting is also
work for the water
treatment which
working as shown
in the fig
The graphical
representation of
catalytic converting
as shown in that
following graphical.